Download or read book The West African Manilla Currency written by Rolf Denk and published by tredition. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prof . Dr Rolf Denk, born in Düsseldorf in 1935, worked as a dermatologist in the Mainz University Hospital and afterwards in his own specialist practice in Rüsselsheim. In 1978 he and other collectors were among the founders of the European Union to Search for, Collect, and Preserve Primitive and Curious Money (EUCOPRIMO). In 1981 he took over the editing of the journal Der Primitivgeldsammler. After completing his medical career, he devoted himself more to the research of early indigenous means of payment. 110 own publications have appeared on this topic. In 2017 he published the monograph "Das Manillen-Geld West Afrikas" of which he now presents a revised and extended edition in English. The currency manillas discussed in this book are open metal rings that were used by Europeans as means of payment in trade with the local population from the mid-15th to mid-20th century in various areas of the West Coast of Africa. All currency manillas were made in Europe and are not indigenous products. Therefore is not correct and misleading to designate the foot, arm and neck rings produced in the country itself as manillas. The early Portuguese manillas, also called tacoais, were largely produced according to Portuguese specifications in Flanders and Germany. They are heavier and larger than the so-called Birmingham manillas, which originated in England and were mainly exported to southern Nigeria, where they were in circulation as market money with the Igbo and Ibibo. An intermediate position in terms of shape, weight and metal composition is occupied by the popo manillas, probably produced in England and France and mainly used in the Ivory Coast. On the basis of extensive literature research, an attempt is made to obtain more precise data on the production, use and typification of the different currency manillas and to show their clear distinction from the indigenous metal rings.

Download or read book Catalogue of the Printed Books in the Library of the Society of Writers to H M Signet in Scotland Second supplement 1882 1887 with a subject index to the whole catalogue written by Society of Writers to H.M. Signet. Library and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York written by and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Literature of Travel and Exploration written by Jennifer Speake and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 3477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing more than 600 entries, this valuable resource presents all aspects of travel writing. There are entries on places and routes (Afghanistan, Black Sea, Egypt, Gobi Desert, Hawaii, Himalayas, Italy, Northwest Passage, Samarkand, Silk Route, Timbuktu), writers (Isabella Bird, Ibn Battuta, Bruce Chatwin, Gustave Flaubert, Mary Kingsley, Walter Ralegh, Wilfrid Thesiger), methods of transport and types of journey (balloon, camel, grand tour, hunting and big game expeditions, pilgrimage, space travel and exploration), genres (buccaneer narratives, guidebooks, New World chronicles, postcards), companies and societies (East India Company, Royal Geographical Society, Society of Dilettanti), and issues and themes (censorship, exile, orientalism, and tourism). For a full list of entries and contributors, a generous selection of sample entries, and more, visit the Literature of Travel and Exploration: An Encyclopedia website.

Download or read book Journal of the American Geographical Society of New York written by American Geographical Society of New York and published by . This book was released on 1890 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin written by American Geographical Society of New York and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Second Supplement to the Catalogue of Books in the Signet Library 1882 1887 written by Signet Library (Great Britain) and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society written by and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society written by Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland Straits Branch and published by . This book was released on 1880 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bulletin of the American Geographical Society of New York written by and published by . This book was released on 1885 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pirates Filabustiers Et N griers written by Maurice Magre and published by . This book was released on 1934 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalogue of the Printed Books in the Library of the Society of Writers to H M Signet in Scotland written by and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Christian Muslim Relations A Bibliographical History Volume 13 Western Europe 1700 1800 written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2019-09-16 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian-Muslim Relations, a Bibliographical History Volume 13 (CMR 13) covering Western Europe in the period 1700-1800 is a further volume in a general history of relations between the two faiths from the 7th century to the early 20th century. It comprises a series of introductory essays and also the main body of detailed entries which treat all the works, surviving or lost, that have been recorded. These entries provide biographical details of the authors, descriptions and appraisals of the works themselves, and complete accounts of manuscripts, editions, translations and studies. The result of collaboration between numerous leading scholars, CMR 13, along with the other volumes in this series, is intended as a basic tool for research in Christian-Muslim relations. Section editors: Clinton Bennett, Luis F. Bernabé Pons, Jaco Beyers, Emanuele Colombo, Karoline Cook, Lejla Demiri, Martha Frederiks, David D. Grafton, Stanisław Grodź, Alan Guenther, Vincenzo Lavenia, Emma Gaze Loghin, Gordon Nickel, Claire Norton, Radu Păun, Reza Pourjavady, Douglas Pratt, Charles Ramsey, Peter Riddell, Umar Ryad, Mehdi Sajid, Cornelia Soldat, Karel Steenbrink, Ann Thomson, Carsten Walbiner.

Download or read book France and the Philippines written by Denis Nardin and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the American Oriental Society written by and published by . This book was released on 1862 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Journal of the American Oriental Society written by American Oriental Society and published by . This book was released on 1862 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: List of members in each volume.

Download or read book Fear written by Robert Peckham and published by Profile Books. This book was released on 2023-09-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Extraordinary' Ai Weiwei 'Brilliant' Simon Schama Fear has long been a driving force - perhaps the driving force - of world history: a coercive tool of power and a catalyst for radical change. Here, Robert Peckham traces its transformative role over a millennium, from fears of famine and war to anxieties over God, disease, technology and financial crises. In a landmark global history that ranges from the Black Death to the terror of the French Revolution, the AIDS pandemic to climate change, Peckham reveals how fear made us who we are, and how understanding it can equip us to face the future.