Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes Weaknesses in DOE s Management of Helium 3 Delayed the Federal Response to a Critical Supply Shortage written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by David C. Trimble and published by . This book was released on 2013-11-17 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 13% of our nation's electricity is produced by pressurized water reactors that rely on lithium-7, an isotope of lithium produced and exported solely by China and Russia, for their safe operation. Lithium-7 is added to the water that cools the reactor core to prevent the cooling water from becoming acidic. Without it, the cooling water's acidity would increase the rate of corrosion of pipes and other infrastructure -- possibly causing them to fail. Utilities that operate the pressurized water reactors have experienced little difficulty obtaining lithium-7, but there are risks of relying on two producers. This report reviewed the supply and domestic demand for lithium-7 and how risks are being managed. It examines (1) what is known about the supply and demand of lithium-7; (2) what federal agencies are responsible for managing supply risks; and (3) alternative options to mitigate a potential shortage. Figure. This is a print on demand report.
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by Gene Aloise and published by . This book was released on 2012-11-17 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-08 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " About 13 percent of our nation's electricity is produced by pressurized water reactors that rely on lithium-7, an isotope of lithium produced and exported solely by China and Russia, for their safe operation. Lithium-7 is added to the water that cools the reactor core to prevent the cooling water from becoming acidic. Without the lithium-7, the cooling water's acidity would increase the rate of corrosion of pipes and other infrastructure-possibly causing them to fail. Utilities that operate the pressurized water reactors have experienced little difficulty obtaining lithium-7, but they may not be aware of all the risks of relying on two producers. GAO was asked to review the supply and domestic demand for lithium-7 and how risks are being managed. This report examines (1) what is known about the supply and demand of lithium-7, (2) what federal agencies are responsible for managing supply risks, and (3) alternative options to mitigate a potential shortage. GAO reviewed documents and interviewed officials from DOE, NNSA, and NRC, in addition to industry representatives. This report is an unclassified version of a classified report also issued in September 2013. "
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by U.s. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "DOE is the only domestic supplier for many of the over 300 different isotopes it sells that are critical to medical, commercial, research, and national security applications. Previous shortages of some isotopes, such as helium-3, an isotope used to detect radiation at seaports and border crossings, highlight the importance of managing supplies of and demand for critical isotopes. Prior reports by GAO and others highlighted risks and challenges faced by the Isotope Program, such as assessing demand for certain isotopes. GAO was asked to determine (1) which isotopes are produced, sold, or distributed either by the Isotope Program or NNSA and how the two agencies make isotopes available for commercial and research applications; (2) what steps the Isotope Program takes to provide isotopes for commercial and research applications; and (3) the extent to which DOE is assessing and mitigating risks facing the Isotope Program. GAO reviewed DOE and NNSA documents, visited Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and interviewed cognizant agency officials."
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by United States Government Account Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MANAGING CRITICAL ISOTOPES: DOE's Isotope Program Needs Better Planning for Setting Prices and Managing Production Risks
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by Aubrey Lindell and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Little is known about lithium-7 production in China and Russia and whether their supplies can meet future domestic demand. According to industry representatives, China and Russia produce enough lithium-7 to meet demand from U.S. pressurised water reactors, a type of commercial nuclear power reactor that requires lithium-7 for safe operation. This book examines what is known about the supply and demand of lithium-7, what federal agencies are responsible for managing supply risks, and alternative options to mitigate a potential shortage. The authors of this book also discuss the management of helium-3 and the availability of tritium for the weapons stockpile to the National Nuclear Security Administration.
Download or read book Managing critical isotopes written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by United States Government Account Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MANAGING CRITICAL ISOTOPES: Stewardship of Lithium-7 Is Needed to Ensure a Stable Supply
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by United States Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing Critical Isotopes: Weaknesses in DOE's Management of Helium-3 Delayed the Federal Response to a Critical Supply Shortage
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by Government Accountability Government Accountability Office and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-10-31 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To determine what is known about the supply and domestic demand for lithium-7, we analyzed data provided by industry representatives, reviewed agency and industry documents, and interviewed agency officials and industry representatives.
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes Doe s Isotope Program Needs Better Planning for Setting Prices and Managing Production Risks written by Government Accountability Office and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-09-04 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope production and distribution have been part of DOE's mission since at least 1954, when the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 specified the role of the U.S. government in isotope distribution. DOE's Isotope Program fills this role by providing isotopes to support the national and international need for a reliable supply for use in medicine, industry, and research. The Isotope Program provides both radioactive isotopes, called radioisotopes, and stable isotopes, which are not radioactive.
Download or read book Managing Critical Isotopes written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 13 percent of our nation's electricity is produced by pressurized water reactors that rely on lithium-7, an isotope of lithium produced and exported solely by China and Russia, for their safe operation. Lithium-7 is added to the water that cools the reactor core to prevent the cooling water from becoming acidic. Without the lithium-7, the cooling water's acidity would increase the rate of corrosion of pipes and other infrastructure, possibly causing them to fail. Utilities that operate the pressurized water reactors have experienced little difficulty obtaining lithium-7, but they may not be aware of all the risks of relying on two producers. GAO was asked to review the supply and domestic demand for lithium-7 and how risks are being managed. This report examines (1) what is known about the supply and demand of lithium-7, (2) what federal agencies are responsible for managing supply risks, and (3) alternative options to mitigate a potential shortage. GAO reviewed documents and interviewed officials from DOE, NNSA, and NRC, in addition to industry representatives. This report is an unclassified version of a classified report also issued in September 2013. GAO recommends that the Secretary of Energy ensure a stable future supply of lithium-7 by directing the Isotope Program to take on a stewardship role for lithium-7 by taking steps, including fully assessing risks and accurately determining domestic demand. DOE concurred with the recommendation.
Download or read book Stable Isotopes and Plant Carbon Water Relations written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 33-chapter volume presents a critical examination of the importance of stable isotopes in understanding key plant metabolic processes. Carbon isotope analyses for estimates of plant water use and metabolism Integrated estimates of stress impacts and life history in ecological systems Hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses for evaluating water sources and transpiration Use of stable isotopes in scaling from leaf to global levels Sections include: History and Theoretical Considerations, Ecological Aspects of Carbon Isotope Variation, Agricultural Aspects of Carbon Isotope Variation, Genetics and Isotopic Variation, Water Relations and Isotopic Composition
Download or read book Isotopes for Medicine and the Life Sciences written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-01-27 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radioactive isotopes and enriched stable isotopes are used widely in medicine, agriculture, industry, and science, where their application allows us to perform many tasks more accurately, more simply, less expensively, and more quickly than would otherwise be possible. Indeed, in many casesâ€"for example, biological tracersâ€"there is no alternative. In a stellar example of "technology transfer" that began before the term was popular, the Department of Energy (DOE) and its predecessors has supported the development and application of isotopes and their transfer to the private sector. The DOE is now at an important crossroads: Isotope production has suffered as support for DOE's laboratories has declined. In response to a DOE request, this book is an intensive examination of isotope production and availability, including the education and training of those who will be needed to sustain the flow of radioactive and stable materials from their sources to the laboratories and medical care facilities in which they are used. Chapters include an examination of enriched stable isotopes; reactor and accelerator-produced radionuclides; partnerships among industries, national laboratories, and universities; and national isotope policy.
Download or read book Lithium Isotopes written by Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lithium isotopes are a relatively novel tracer of present and past silicate weathering processes. Given that silicate weathering is the primary long-term method by which CO2 is removed from the atmosphere, Li isotope research is going through an exciting phase. We show the weathering processes that fractionate dissolved and sedimentary Li isotope ratios, focusing on weathering intensity and clay formation. We then discuss the carbonate and silicate archive potential of past seawater δ7Li. These archives have been used to examine Li isotope changes across both short and long timescales. The former can demonstrate the rates at which the climate is stabilised from perturbations via weathering, a fundamental piece of the puzzle of the long-term carbon cycle.
