Download or read book Managing Cooperation for Solving Large Scale Social Dilemmas written by Jorge Andrick Parra Valencia and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the time of social dilemmas. Commons resources are suffering depletion, congestion, pollution, and overuse. Public goods are under provided in every country. Both Commons resources and Public goods are now a new arena where we can see conflicts. A social dilemma is a conflict between individual and group rationality. When two people meet around a common resource or a public good, the situation could lead to a potential lost for all the group. The more interesting issue here is about rationality. If we use our rationality, we hope we can get the best output in every situation we apply it. However, social dilemmas define a kind of space for interdependency where individual rationality could drive us to the worst output. This book is about managing cooperation and how collective action can contribute to solve this kind of crises. The book presents several mechanism to promote cooperation and the difficulties we need to solve to make cooperation effective for solving large-scale social dilemmas. The author suggests that managing cooperation is possible and describes the complexity we have to understand in order to solve these kind of crises.
Download or read book Cooperation in Large Scale Social Dilemmas written by Jorge Andrick Parra Valencia and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social dilemmas are conflicts between individual rationality and general welfare. The Literature explains how to evaluate effectiveness of cooperation based on trust mechanism in small-scale social dilemmas, but how to evaluate effectiveness of cooperation mechanisms in large-scale situations remain unknown until this book. The authors designed a construct to test cooperation mechanisms used to promote in large-scale social dilemmas that involve resource depletion. The proposed construct integrates cooperation mechanisms like trust, perception of damage and cooperation as norm. Results suggest that the designed artifact explains how mechanisms promote cooperative behavior in large-scale social dilemmas that involve resource depletion. In these cases dynamic complexity affects cooperation. This book finally indicates how cooperation mechanisms can be effective to promote cooperation in the context of dynamic complexity in large-scale social resource situations.
Download or read book Social Dilemmas written by Paul A. M. Van Lange and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a psychological overview of research on human cooperation, while discussing evolutionary and cultural perspectives, along with applications in the management, environment, national security, and health.
Download or read book Group Size Effect on Cooperation in One Shot Social Dilemmas II Curvilinear Effect written by Valerio Capraro and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world in which many pressing global issues require large scale cooperation, understanding the group size effect on cooperative behavior is a topic of central importance. Yet, the nature of this effect remains largely unknown, with lab experiments insisting that it is either positive or negative or null, and field experiments suggesting that it is instead curvilinear. Here we shed light on this apparent contradiction by considering a novel class of public goods games inspired to the realistic scenario in which the natural output limits of the public good imply that the benefit of cooperation increases fast for early contributions and then decelerates. We report on a large lab experiment providing evidence that, in this case, group size has a curvilinear effect on cooperation, according to which intermediate-size groups cooperate more than smaller groups and more than larger groups. In doing so, our findings help fill the gap between lab experiments and field experiments and suggest concrete ways to promote large scale cooperation among people.
Download or read book The Critical Mass in Collective Action written by Gerald Marwell and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-03-26 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The problem of collective action is that each group member wants other members to make necessary sacrifices while he or she 'free rides', reaping the benefits of collective action without doing the work. Therefore, no one does the work and the common interest is not realized. This book analyses the social pressure whereby groups solve the problem of collective action.
Download or read book New Issues and Paradigms in Research on Social Dilemmas written by Anders Biel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-30 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers need look no further if they seeking an edited volume compiled to present the latest developments in the field of social dilemma research. Social dilemmas are situations when there is a conflict between self-interest and collective interest. This work examines under what circumstances people make decisions that are in line with the collective interest as well as investigating what can increase the likelihood of cooperation. Three man sections mirror the different levels of analysis: individual, group, and societal.
Download or read book Resolving Social Dilemmas written by Margaret Foddy and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-05-13 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an accessible and state-of-the-art survey of current research on social dilemmas. A social dilemma arises when actions that are justifiable in terms of individual rationality (e.g. over-harvesting resources, or using private instead of public transportation) threaten the common good and in the long run the individual's own self-interest as well. The study of social dilemmas has important links with many areas in psychology, as well as with cognate disciplines such as risk analysis, environmental science, political science, and economics. Accordingly, the book should appeal not only to psychologists but also to a wider audience of scholars and researchers. Contributors include both established authorities and recent innovators, and the organization and contents of the book reflect the most recent trends in this exciting area. Increased attention is given to modeling dynamics and processes in social dilemmas, and greater emphasis placed on exploring structural solutions to dilemmas. New findings and theoretical developments regarding group and inter-group processes are highlighted and a move is made away from a heavy reliance on laboratory experiments and game theory to field studies and real-world applications. A scholarly prospective chapter at the beginning and an integrative concluding chapter provide useful overviews of the area and the contributions to the book.
Download or read book Cooperation in Modern Society written by Anders Biel and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do so many people volunteer to help others in need in society today? What makes people give up the convenience of driving their car to benefit a better environment? And why are citizens, in general, quite prepared to pay taxes to ensure adequate health care, and support for the elderly and unemployed? These are examples of a more fundamental question addressed in this book: why do people cooperate for the welfare of their community, state, or organization? Cooperation in Modern Society is a unique collection of contributions from internationally reputed scholars across the social sciences.
Download or read book Moral Sentiments and Material Interests written by Herbert Gintis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral Sentiments and Material Interests presents an innovative synthesis of research in different disciplines to argue that cooperation stems not from the stereotypical selfish agent acting out of disguised self-interest but from the presence of "strong reciprocators" in a social group. Presenting an overview of research in economics, anthropology, evolutionary and human biology, social psychology, and sociology, the book deals with both the theoretical foundations and the policy implications of this explanation for cooperation. Chapter authors in the remaining parts of the book discuss the behavioral ecology of cooperation in humans and nonhuman primates, modeling and testing strong reciprocity in economic scenarios, and reciprocity and social policy. The evidence for strong reciprocity in the book includes experiments using the famous Ultimatum Game (in which two players must agree on how to split a certain amount of money or they both get nothing.)
Download or read book Cooperation in Modern Society written by Mark Van Vugt and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book should be useful for students of social problems in all social science disciplines and for those professionally involved in solving these issues (policy-analysts and policy-makers).
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Group Processes and Intergroup Relations written by John M Levine and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010 with total page 1049 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume encyclopedia covers concepts from across the spectrum, from group phenomena to phenomena influenced by group membership, from small group interaction to intergroup relations on a global scale.
Download or read book Experimenting with Social Norms written by Jean Ensminger and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2014-10-22 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions about the origins of human cooperation have long puzzled and divided scientists. Social norms that foster fair-minded behavior, altruism and collective action undergird the foundations of large-scale human societies, but we know little about how these norms develop or spread, or why the intensity and breadth of human cooperation varies among different populations. What is the connection between social norms that encourage fair dealing and economic growth? How are these social norms related to the emergence of centralized institutions? Informed by a pioneering set of cross-cultural data, Experimenting with Social Norms advances our understanding of the evolution of human cooperation and the expansion of complex societies. Editors Jean Ensminger and Joseph Henrich present evidence from an exciting collaboration between anthropologists and economists. Using experimental economics games, researchers examined levels of fairness, cooperation, and norms for punishing those who violate expectations of equality across a diverse swath of societies, from hunter-gatherers in Tanzania to a small town in rural Missouri. These experiments tested individuals’ willingness to conduct mutually beneficial transactions with strangers that reap rewards only at the expense of taking a risk on the cooperation of others. The results show a robust relationship between exposure to market economies and social norms that benefit the group over narrow economic self-interest. Levels of fairness and generosity are generally higher among individuals in communities with more integrated markets. Religion also plays a powerful role. Individuals practicing either Islam or Christianity exhibited a stronger sense of fairness, possibly because religions with high moralizing deities, equipped with ample powers to reward and punish, encourage greater prosociality. The size of the settlement also had an impact. People in larger communities were more willing to punish unfairness compared to those in smaller societies. Taken together, the volume supports the hypothesis that social norms evolved over thousands of years to allow strangers in more complex and large settlements to coexist, trade and prosper. Innovative and ambitious, Experimenting with Social Norms synthesizes an unprecedented analysis of social behavior from an immense range of human societies. The fifteen case studies analyzed in this volume, which include field experiments in Africa, South America, New Guinea, Siberia and the United States, are available for free download on the Foundation’s website:www.russellsage.org.
Download or read book Hidden order behind cooperation in social systems written by Dun Han and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-04-27 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book XIV International Scientific Conference INTERAGROMASH 2021 written by Alexey Beskopylny and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-10 with total page 1021 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on Precision Agriculture and Agricultural Machinery Industry INTERAGROMASH 2021. It is a collection of original and fundamental research papers in areas such as agricultural machinery, agricultural materials science, construction of agricultural facilities, training of specialists in the field of agriculture, and other topics. Each of the presented chapters has undeniable scientific value and novelty in the corresponding research areas. The book is aimed for professionals and practitioners, for researchers, scholars, and producers. The materials presented here can be used in the educational process at specific agricultural universities or during vocational training at enterprises and will become an indispensable helper to farm managers in making the best agronomic decisions. The book is also useful for representatives of regional authorities, as it gives an idea of existing high-tech solutions for agriculture.
Download or read book Economics for Collaborative Environmental Management written by Graham Marshall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-23 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Marshall has re-grafted economics to the philosophical roots of collaborative environmental management, given stakeholders a pragmatic economics for 'bottom-up' conflict resolution and eliminated the need for 'top-down' economic experts. Beautifully reasoned and wonderfully practical!' RICHARD B. NORGAARD, ENERGY AND RESOURCES PROGRAM, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY, US 'If the potential of collaborative management is ever realized, it will owe a debt to this book. It provides a foundational economic theory of learning coming from complex adaptive systems thinking tested with field experience' ALLAN SCHMID, UNIVERSITY DISTINGUISHED PROFESSOR, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS DEPARTMENT, MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY, US 'Marshall argues that mainstream economics, captive as it is of the prisoner's dilemma and the dangers of free-riding, is in a blind alley when it comes to contributing to constructive debate on governance of the commons. This is a significant book, which draws on the new institutional economics to indicate a productive way in which economists could contribute to thinking on common property natural resource management' WARREN MUSGRAVE, EMERITUS PROFESSOR OF AGRICULTURAL AND RESOURCE ECONOMICS, UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND, AUSTRALIA 'Economic thought and emerging collaborative environmental governance are important areas of thought and application, but are mostly found at great distance from each other and very often in conflict. Marshall not only clearly demonstrates why this is so, he goes on to detail an alternative pathway that can strengthen both of these fields in both their theory and practice. This is a most impressive feat, and this is a book thoroughly deserving a very wide readership' STEPHEN DOVERS, SENIOR FELLOW, AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 'A valuable contribution to the burgeoning literature on voluntary collective action that demonstrates how processes can be designed to produce trust amongst stakeholders. Marshall anchors theory in the common property resource governance literature that has challenged orthodox economics for the last 25 years and offers the prospect of productive relationships between users, bureaucrats and funders' MARK SPROULE-JONES, V. K. COPPS PROFESSOR, MCMASTER UNIVERSITY, CANADA Mainstream economics has a tight grip on public discourse, yet remains poorly equipped to comprehend the collaborative vision for managing environmental and resource commons. This ground-breaking book diagnoses the weaknesses of mainstream economics in analysing collaborative and other decentralized approaches to environmental management, and presents a unique operational approach to how collaborative environmental governance might be brought to fruition in a variety of contexts, whether in industrialized or developing countries. The result is a powerful, useful and badly needed approach to economics for collaborative environmental management of the commons.
Download or read book The Drama of the Commons written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-02-15 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "tragedy of the commons" is a central concept in human ecology and the study of the environment. It has had tremendous value for stimulating research, but it only describes the reality of human-environment interactions in special situations. Research over the past thirty years has helped clarify how human motivations, rules governing access to resources, the structure of social organizations, and the resource systems themselves interact to determine whether or not the many dramas of the commons end happily. In this book, leaders in the field review the evidence from several disciplines and many lines of research and present a state-of-the-art assessment. They summarize lessons learned and identify the major challenges facing any system of governance for resource management. They also highlight the major challenges for the next decade: making knowledge development more systematic; understanding institutions dynamically; considering a broader range of resources (such as global and technological commons); and taking into account the effects of social and historical context. This book will be a valuable and accessible introduction to the field for students and a resource for advanced researchers.
Download or read book Group Size Effect on Cooperation in One Shot Social Dilemmas written by Helene Barcelo and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social dilemmas are central to human society. Depletion of natural resources, climate protection, security of energy supply, and workplace collaborations are all examples of social dilemmas. Since cooperative behaviour in a social dilemma is individually costly, Nash equilibrium predicts that humans should not cooperate. Yet experimental studies show that people do cooperate even in anonymous one-shot interactions. In spite of the large number of participants in many modern social dilemmas, little is known about the effect of group size on cooperation. Does larger group size favour or prevent cooperation? We address this problem both experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, we find that there is no general answer: it depends on the strategic situation. Specifically, we find that larger groups are more cooperative in the Public Goods game, but less cooperative in the N-person Prisoner's dilemma. Theoretically, we show that this behaviour is not consistent with either the Fehr & Schmidt model or (a one-parameter version of) the Charness & Rabin model, but it is consistent with the cooperative equilibrium model introduced by the second author.
