Download or read book Management of Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua L Using Post emergence Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators written by John B. Haguewood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed species found in many turfgrass stands, particularly golf course putting greens. This weed is light green in color, has poor heat and drought tolerance, and produces many seeds making it undesirable on putting greens. The objectives of this research were to: a) investigate the use of the herbicide bispyribac-sodium alone or in combination with plant growth regulators for annual bluegrass control and putting green tolerance; b) determine the efficacy of plant growth regulators on annual bluegrass seedhead suppression when applied once, or followed by a sequential application; and c) determine how chemicals applied at different growth stages of annual bluegrass effect shoot growth and seedhead development. Field and greenhouse research was conducted during 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 at multiple golf courses throughout central Missouri. Treatments of bispyribacsodium alone or in combination with paclobutrazol demonstrated safety to putting greens with high levels of annual bluegrass control (90%). For seedhead suppression, treatments containing ethephon were most effective, resulting in up to 95% suppression of seedheads. Regardless of plant stage during application, annual bluegrass biomass was reduced 19 and 31% following applications of ethephon + trinexapac-ethyl or paclobutrazol, respectively.

Download or read book Changes in Poa Annua Populations in Response to Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators written by Jesse Brown and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poa annua (annual bluegrass; ABG) is an invasive weedy species in turfgrass. Herbicides and plant growth regulators (PGRs) are often used for ABG control, providing limited or inconsistent results. Identifying shifts in ABG populations in response to these treatments would be beneficial for understanding inconsistent control. Our research employed amplified fragment length polymorphic (AFLP) markers with the objective to determine if there are changes in genetic structure of ABG populations after multiple-year season-long control programs in three states. Annual bluegrass was sampled after the second or third year of seven different season-long ABG treatments consisting of herbicide or PGR applications. The trials were conducted at three different locations (East Lansing, Michigan; West Lafayette, Indiana; Lincoln, Nebraska). In the ABG samples, AFLP markers were identified for each site and 649, 745, and 762 were produced for Michigan, Indiana and Nebraska, respectively. Population analysis was conducted in Structure and identified five distinct ABG populations in Michigan, seven in Indiana, and six in Nebraska. Season-long treatments of trinexapac-ethyl or bispyribac-sodium (bispyribac) at a low rate effected genetic structure of populations at all locations. However, ABG populations that were affected by an individual herbicide or PGR did not respond consistently among locations. Bispyribac treatments increased ABG population variability in Michigan, but decreased variability in Indiana and Nebraska. Trinexapac-ethyl treatments decreased ABG population variability in Michigan and Indiana, but increased variability in Nebraska. This study provides a genetic basis in understanding how herbicides or PGRs impact ABG populations over the long term and our results may help explain inconsistencies in chemical control of ABG.

Download or read book Identification and Management of Glyphosate resistant Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua L written by Kenton M. Binkholder and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual bluegrass is the most problematic weed on golf courses in the Transition Zone and Southern United States. Applications of glyphosate are common on dormant zoysiagrass to remove winter annual weeds. In 2007, a suspect population of annual bluegrass (hereafter referred to as CCMO1) in Columbia, Missouri survived an application of glyphosate following more than 10 years of continuous applications. Research was conducted in vitro to identify the extent of glyphosate-resistance in CCMO1. At the field level, alternative herbicides were evaluated for effectiveness on CCMO1. Finally, greenhouse studies were conducted to determine the impact of glyphosate on annual bluegrass seed production at different growth stages. Results indicate that the CCMO1 biotype of annual bluegrass is glyphosate resistant, with an I50 of 0.49 kg/ae ha-1 for CCMO1 compared to 0.09 kg/ha-1 for S. This resulted in a resistance index (R:S I50 ratio) of 5.2 for CCMO1. Field results demonstrated that pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides significantly improved CCMO1 control versus post-emergence (POST) herbicides. The addition of a POST herbicide following a PRE resulted in the most consistent control of annual bluegrass. Seed production in the absence of glyphosate was 15,000 to 16,000 and 21,000 to 30,000 seeds per plant for S and CCMO1 plants, respectively. The addition of glyphosate reduced the number of seeds by 98% and 85% for S and CCMO1 plants, respectively. However, use of glyphosate at recommended rates resulted in viable production of seeds from CCMO1 plants, suggesting that continued applications of glyphosate on glyphosate-resistant annual bluegrass will increase viable seeds in the soil seed-bank.

Download or read book Management of Mixed Annual Bluegrass and Creeping Bentgrass Stands written by Michael George Hendricks and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Response of Different Growth Forms of Poa Annua L Annual Bluegrass to Herbicides Applied Before Or After Emergence written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Plant Growth Regulators and Herbicides for Management of Poa Annua written by Alexandra Perseveranda Williams and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua L Emergence Under Different Residue Management Practices in Perennial Ryegrass and Determination of Resistant and Susceptible Annual Bluegrass Germination Under Controlled Temperature and Moisture written by Matthew D. Schuster and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the loss of field burning the amount of crop residue that remains in perennial ryegrass fields has increased. As the amount of crop residue remaining in the field increases so does annual bluegrass. This has resulted in the increased use of herbicides to control annual bluegrass. However, this increased use has also resulted in herbicide-resistant annual bluegrass. Field experiments were initiated in 1997 to investigate residue management options available to growers and their impacts on annual bluegrass emergence. Two sites, Glaser and Wirth, were established with three residue management treatments replicated four times. The treatments included full-straw, bale/flail, and vacuum sweep. Perennial ryegrass seed yield and annual bluegrass seed contamination were evaluated. The vacuum sweep treatment had lower annual bluegrass emergence than the full-straw or the bale/flail treatments during the 1997-98 growing season, for both sites. The fall of 1998 was much drier than the fall of 1997. Annual bluegrass emergence in all plots was lower in 1998 than in 1997 because of the dry conditions. Fall emergence in 1998 was higher in the vacuum sweep treatment than in the other two treatments, which may have been the result of better soil-seed contact in the vacuum sweep treatment. Lower emergence in the spring at the Wirth site compared to the Glaser site may have been due to narrow crop row spacing and cultivar selection, which shaded the annual bluegrass. When growing seasons were combined, there were no treatment differences. However, more emergence was observed in the spring at the Glaser site compared to the Wirth site. Yield was highest for the vacuum sweep treatment at the Glaser site in the 1998-99 growing season. However, competition from volunteer perennial ryegrass in the full-straw and bale/flail treatments could have accounted for this increase. No other differences in yield and no difference in contamination among treatments were observed. However, contamination at the Glaser site was higher in the 1998-99 growing season than in the 1997-98 growing season. Experiments were conducted in growth chambers to determine how differing environmental conditions affect seed germination of diuron-susceptible and diuron-resistant annual bluegrass. Cumulative germination for the susceptible-biotype decreased from 96% to 88% while the resistant-biotype remained above 95% as temperature decreased from 3 0/20 C to 10/2 C. The susceptible-biotype germinated sooner than the resistant-biotype regardless of temperature. The susceptible-biotype had a higher rate of germination than the resistant-biotype at 30/20 C, but not when the temperature decreased to 10/2 C. Germination response to differing matric potentials did not vary much within a biotype for a given soil type and temperature. Therefore, parameters estimated at -1.03 MPa were chosen to contrast susceptible- and resistant biotypes, and soil types, for each temperature. Maximum cumulative germination was greater than 96% for all treatments. When germination on a given soil type was contrasted, differences were only seen for the susceptible biotype vs. resistant biotype on Dayton soil; and the resistant biotype on Dayton soil vs. resistant biotype on Woodburn soil at both temperatures. The lag in onset of germination was shorter for the susceptible biotype on Dayton soil and resistant biotype on Woodburn soil than the resistant biotype on Dayton soil at 30/20 C. At 18/5 C, the lag in onset of germination was shorter for the susceptible biotype on Dayton soil and resistant biotype on Woodburn soil than the resistant biotype on Dayton soil (P = 0.000 1 and 0.0001, respectively). But the rate of germination was faster for the resistant biotype on Dayton soil than both the susceptible biotype on Dayton soil and resistant biotype on Woodburn soil at 18/5 C (P = 0.02 and 0.0004, respectively). The rate of germination did not differ at 3 0/20 C. When just the soils were contrasted, at 18/5 C all annual bluegrass seeds on the Woodburn soil germinated sooner and the rate of germination was higher than on the Dayton soil. These results indicate that the hydraulic properties of the soils may influence germination. However, this was not observed at 30/20 C. The results suggest that the susceptible-biotype was more sensitive to temperature while the resistant-biotype was more sensitive to moisture. Changing crop management in ways that will reduce annual bluegrass emergence and establishment is needed. By altering management strategies, growers may obtain more efficient and effective use of herbicides, while reducing the selection of herbicide-resistant annual bluegrass.

Download or read book Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua L written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Growth and Reproduction of Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua in Response to Trinexepacethyl Or Prohexadione calcium at Multiple Rates and Application Timings written by Matthew T. Faletti and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Field experiments were conducted in 2002 and 2003 in the Willamette Valley of Oregon to investigate the effects of two plant growth regulators on the growth and reproduction of the weed annual bluegrass. Previous research suggested that the plant growth regulator prohexadione-calcium hastened senescence of annual bluegrass. Another plant growth regulator, trinexepac-ethyl has been used for suppression of annual bluegrass seedheads in turf. Plant growth regulators were applied in either split or single applications in March, April or May at five field sites over two years. Annual bluegrass biomass, seed yield, thousand seed weight, seed germination, and panicles per plant were measured as well as crop yield. No treatment provided satisfactory annual blugrass control when applied in either single or split applications at rates within the range suggested by the manufacturers for increased crop yield. Controlled environment trials also were conducted to evaluate the growth regulating properties of trinexepac-ethyl on annual bluegrass plants. Results of dose response experiments were similar to those of field trials. Annual bluegrass biomass was not consistently decreased with increasing rates of trinexepac-ethyl. Treated plants had fewer spikelets per panicle and fertile florets per spikelet compared to untreated controls. Although spikelets per panicle and fertile florets per spikelet were reduced, increased seed production may be obtained due to increased numbers of panicles per plant.

Download or read book Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua L Control with Ethofumesate During Turfgrass Establishment written by David L. Wieneche and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperate climates are particularly conducive to growth of annual bluegrass which readily invades and dominates most cool-season turfgrasses. Ethofumesate (2-ethoxy-2,3-dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-5-benzofuranyl methanesulfonate) is one herbicide available which will selectively control annual bluegrass. The primary objectives of this research were to determine optimum application rates and timing of ethofumesate for control of annual bluegrass on sites renovated by three different techniques. In addition, tolerance of common turfgrass cultivars was determined. Ethofumesate rates of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 kg ai/ha, and split repeat treatments of 0.5 kg ai/ha applied twice or three times, applied preemergence, or early postemergence at the one and two leaf stage relative to perennial ryegrass were tested. Protected Least Significant Difference mean separation statistical analysis was used to determine differences at the 5% level. Differences were observed between ryegrass and tall fescue cultivars in greenhouse ethofumesate tolerance studies but not in field trials. Ethofumesate greenhouse cultivar tolerance differences did not correlate to results of field trials. All perennial ryegrass and tall fescue cultivars tested in field trials tolerated ethofumesate well at all rates. There was an initial 1 month period of growth suppression following ethofumesate application which perennial ryegrass and tall fescue appeared able to recover and annual bluegrass was not. Annual bluegrass was controlled in all trials at 0.5, 0.5 X 2, 0.5 X 3, 1.0, and 1.5 kg ai/ha ethofumesate rates and at all stages of application. Annual bluegrass reduction ranged between 83% to 100%. Perennial ryegrass cultivars Palmer, Blazer, Loretta, Dasher, and Regal, tall fescue cultivar Mustang, and 'America' Kentucky bluegrass tolerated ethofumesate. Red fescue, hard fescue, chewings fescue, roughstalk bluegrass, colonial bentgrass, and annual bluegrass did not tolerate ethofumesate. In the three establishment methods studied, annual bluegrass control was 100% in the no-till followed by surface scarification and broadcast seeding, 97.3% in the till trials with broadcast seeding, and 83% in the no till slicer seeder method.

Download or read book Managing Bermudagrass Turf written by L. B. McCarty and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-01-15 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you're determined to create and maintain a beautiful bermuda-grass turf, then let this comprehensive reference be your guide. Here, you'll receive expert information on the fundamentals of green construction and growing-in processes, along with step-by-step cultural practices, and critical techniques for controlling weeds, insects, diseases, and nematodes. You get a comprehensive listing of the various bermudagrass species, complete with scientific and common names, propagation, and worldwide distribution. You'll also find out why and where certain weeds are likely to grow and what cultural or chemical remedies best keep them in check. Nearly 600 photographs illustrate the various stages of plant development and emphasize the key identification characteristics of each plant.

Download or read book Use of Mesotrione for Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua L at Cool season Turfgrass Establishment written by Katelyn A. Venner and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual bluegrass is a problematic weed in highly maintained turfgrass environments, and is difficult to control due to its adaptability to highly maintained turfgrass environments and lack of highly effective chemical control options. Mesotrione is a relatively new herbicide which has been found to show some level of control of annual bluegrass, and is safe to use at cool season turfgrass establishment. Thus, mesotrione has potential to be utilized for weed control in cultivated sod production. The objectives of this research were to evaluate mesotrione to determine: 1) tolerance of selected tall fescue cultivars, an important turfgrass species cultivated for sod, to applications of mesotrione; 2) the length of residual of mesotrione versus prodiamine, bensulide and dithiopyr for control of annual bluegrass; and 3) potential of mesotrione to control winter annual broadleaf weeds at Kentucky bluegrass establishment. Tall fescue cultivars were found to be tolerant to mesotrione applications made preemergence and preemergence plus 4 weeks after emergence at higher rates than required for weed control. Significant cover reductions were only observed at the 1.12 kg ha-1 application rate of mesotrione, which is four times the highest labeled rate for weed control. There was little difference in the response of the seven tall fescue cultivars iii evaluated suggesting minor intraspecific variability between tall fescue cultivars to mesotrione. When applied to bare ground, mesotrione provided 48% annual bluegrass control in the fall and annual bluegrass control decreasing to 20% in the following spring. Prodiamine, bensulide and dithiopyr provided much greater levels of annual bluegrass control and high levels of control were maintained into the following spring. These results suggest that although mesotrione has some activity on newly germinating annual bluegrass it is much lower relative to prodiamine, bensulide and dithiopyr. Mesotrione was found to be more effective for winter annual broadleaf weed control when applied POST compared to PRE. For overall winter annual broadleaf weed control mesotrione should be applied PRE at rates of 0.21 kg ha-1 or higher and POST at 0.14 kg ha-1 or higher. The results of these studies demonstrate that mesotrione is safe for use in newly seeded tall fescue and previous studies have shown similar findings with Kentucky bluegrass. The safety of mesotrione to these two economically important turfgrass species widely grown for cultivate sod combined with its ability to control winter annual broadleaf weeds and suppress annual bluegrass demonstrate that is a new and valuable component to an overall weed control program in cultivated sod production.

Download or read book Phytotoxicity of Preemergence Herbicides Used to Control Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua L on Overseeded Bermudagrass Turf written by Robert Harold Walker and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ecological Adaptations of Annual Bluegrass to Plant Growth Regulators and Herbicides written by John Isgrigg and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weed Control and Plant Growth Regulation written by United States. Army and published by Fredonia Books (NL). This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CONTENTS General Information Use of Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators -- Biology of Plants -- Characteristics of Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators -- Hazards to Non-Target Organisms Selecting, Using, Storing, and Disposing of Herbicides Selecting Herbicides -- Using Herbicides -- Storing Herbicides -- Disposing of Herbicides Vegetation Control in Semi-Improved and Unimproved Grounds Methods of Vegetation Control -- Controlling All Vegetation -- Controlling Woody Vegetation -- Controlling Vegetation in Special Areas Weed Control in Improved Grounds-Turf and Horticultural Plantings Controlling Weeds in Turf -- Renovating Turf and Treating New Seedings -- Controlling Weeds in Horticultural Plantings -- Controlling Vegetation Around Structures Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) General Information -- Using PGRs Determining the Cost-Effectiveness of PGR General Discussion -- Determining Costs -- Determining Cost-Effectiveness Controlling Aquatic Weeds General Considerations -- Construction Aids -- Management Practices -- Mechanical Removal -- Biological Control Fish -- Using Herbicides Application Equipment General Information -- Ground Spraying Equipment -- Granule Application Equipment -- Aquatic Application Equipment -- Aerial Spraying Equipment -- Fumigation Equipment -- Cleaning Equipment and Preparing It for Storage Mixing Materials, Calibrating Equipment, and Calculating Aquatic Herbicide Requirements Determining Tank Capacity -- Mixing Procedures The Importance of Calibration -- Boom-Type Power Sprayers -- Boom-Type Hand Sprayers -- Single-Nozzle Hand Sprayers -- Aerial Sprayers -- Dry Granule Spreaders Applications Based on Water Surface Area -- Applications Based on Water Volume -- Applications Based on Concentration -- Applications in Flowing Water

Download or read book Managing Turfgrass Pests written by Thomas L. Watschke and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-09-27 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by three of the top professionals in the turfgrass field, Managing Turfgrass Pests provides hundreds of pest management methods in a single volume and emphasizes management as the major thrust of control. Development of cultural methods for control of individual pests, chemical control methods, and detailed descriptions of individual pests in each section are followed by extensive cultural management tips. Find out how to accurately diagnose the onset of infestation; how to identify pests and gain knowledge of their cycles, when and where they attack, and the damage they leave in their wakes; and how to control them using a variety of detailed options. The book includes 24 pages of more than 90 full-color photographs of grasses and insects and is also illustrated with more than 160 detailed drawings of weeds and insects.

Download or read book Annual Bluegrass Poa Annua L and Its Requirements for Growth written by Howard Bennett Sprague and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: