Download or read book Mammary Stem Cells written by Maria del Mar Vivanco and published by Humana. This book was released on 2015-06-04 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The identification of normal and breast cancer stem cells has offered a new vision of this heterogeneous disease and new hopes for its prognosis and treatment. This volume provides an overview of recent developments in mammary stem cell research and discusses the many varieties of approaches used by researchers to investigate the properties and functions of mammary stem cells. The beginning chapters provide readers with an introduction to mammary stem cells, and the processes used to characterize stem cells and isolate them via fluorescent activated cell sorting. The next few chapters discuss DNA and mRNA sequencing, proteomic techniques to help profile cells, lentiviral cell transduction for gene expression, and in vivo lineage tracing. The final few chapters are dedicated to following stem cells from their initial niche to the new microenvironment at their metastasis site, and to studying these cells using physical and mathematical approaches. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, the chapters include the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results in the laboratory. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mammary Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols aims to help members of the scientific community explore the behavior of stem cells and how to work with them in order to guide the design of new and complimentary strategies to be applied in the clinic with the ultimate end goal of fighting breast cancer.

Download or read book Mammary Stem Cells written by Maria dM. Vivanco and published by Humana. This book was released on 2022-02-18 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition provides an overview of recent developments and approaches used by researchers to investigate the properties and functions of mammary epithelial and stem cells, which will contribute to understand the heterogeneity of the mammary gland and of breast cancer. Chapters detail processes used to characterize stem cells, single cell RNA sequencing, computational methods, sophisticated imaging techniques, and a variety of model systems, among others. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mammary Stem Cells: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition aims to make available protocols used to navigate the intricate behavior of mammary stem cells and to gain further knowledge to take us closer to the design of innovative strategies to prevent and treat breast cancer.

Download or read book Of Microenvironments and Mammary Stem Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In most adult tissues there reside pools of stem and progenitor cells inside specialized microenvironments referred to as niches. The niche protects the stem cells from inappropriate expansion and directs their critical functions. Thus guided, stem cells are able to maintain tissue homeostasis throughout the ebb and flow of metabolic and physical demands encountered over a lifetime. Indeed, a pool of stem cells maintains mammary gland structure throughout development, and responds to the physiological demands associated with pregnancy. This review discusses how stem cells were identified in both human and mouse mammary glands; each requiring different techniques that were determined by differing biological needs and ethical constraints. These studies together create a robust portrait of mammary gland biology and identify the location of the stem cell niche, elucidate a developmental hierarchy, and suggest how the niche might be manipulated for therapeutic benefit.

Download or read book Characterization of Human Mammary Epithelial Stem Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mammary epithelium of normal adult female mice contains stem cells with extensive in vivo regenerative and self-renewal potential. Indirect evidence has suggested that analogous cells exist in the mammary glands of adult women, and are candidate targets for the first transforming mutations that lead to the evolution of breast cancer stem cells. The objective of this grant was to determine whether these hypothesized normal human mammary stem cells might be detected and quantified by a robust and specific assay that could be used to enable the purification and phenotypic properties of these cells, and to derive information about their frequency and how they are regulated. During the 3 years of this grant, I established conditions that allow human mammary gland structures to be reproducibly generated in subrenal xenografts in highly immune deficient mice, starting with small innocula of dissociated human mammary cells. The regenerated glands are similar in morphology and cellular organization to normal human mammary glands, bounded by a basement membrane with an outer layer of myo-epithelial cells and an inner layer of polarized luminal cells that can be induced to produce milk. I also established that the presence of regenerated structures can be determined by detecting the in vitro clonogenic progenitors they contain and this endpoint can serve as an objective indicator of the presence of a primitive stem-like cell in the initial cells transplanted. This retrospective functional assay allows limiting dilution analysis of positive xenograft yields to derive mammary stem cell frequencies in differently manipulated populations. Using this approach I found the frequency of stem cells in normal human mammary tissue to be ~1 per 5000 cells and their phenotype to be CD49f+ EpCAM-/low CD31- CD45-

Download or read book Stem Cells in Veterinary Science written by Ratan Kumar Choudhary and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-05 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the potential applications of animal stem cells in veterinary medicine. It begins with an overview of stem cells and their application in treating various animal diseases, including mastitis. In turn, the book discusses the challenges of using stem cells in regenerative medicine and emphasizes the importance of understanding the action of stem cells and preclinical evidence for ensuring safety and therapeutic efficacy. It also presents methods for the identification, characterization, and quantification of stem cells. Further, it discusses the therapeutic applications of different stem cells, including milk-derived, testicular, and mesenchymal stem cells in veterinary medicine. Lastly, it discusses strategies for and therapeutic applications of genome editing by CRISPER/Cas9 in mammary stem cells. As such, the book offers a valuable resource for students and scientists working in the veterinary sciences and veterinarians.

Download or read book Stem Cells written by C. Potten and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-09 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem cells are relatively undifferentiated cells which are the permanent lineage ancestor cells of tissues. Newly developed molecular biological techniques and probes have made possible dramatic advances in our ability to study the lineage development of stem cells. A major impetus to develop these techniques has been to identify specific stem cells for gene therapy purposes. The role that stem cells play in the development of cancer is also an important area. This book provides up-to-date reviews on a wide variety of stem cell systems by world experts. Chapters range from descriptions of the current knowledge of the biology of stem cells, to current molecular biological approaches and clinical implications. Oncologists and cell biologists will find this book of particular interest. It will also be usefule to radiobiologist, biotechnologists, and gene therapists. Provides reviews of stem cell systems by world experts Covers stem cell biology in plants, invertebrates, and mammals Presents clinical implications of stem cell differentiation

Download or read book The Breast written by Helmuth Vorherr and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Breast: Morphology, Physiology, and Lactation covers the mammary morphology and function related to endocrine physiology, as well as the pathophysiologic disorders, such as galactorrhea. Knowledge of the many hormones influencing the structure and function of the breast enables one to relate cyclic endocrine ovarian changes to symptoms of premenstrual mammary tension, parenchymal alterations, and breast neoplasia. This book is divided into nine chapters and begins with a description of the female breast development. This topic is followed by a discussion on the morphological aspects of the mature female breast, including the anatomy of the mammary gland, breast changes during pregnancy, and milk synthesis. The next chapters focus on the process of lactation and the hormonal mechanisms involved in lactation maintenance. Other chapters consider the techniques, principles, and advantages of breast feeding, as well as the concept of lactation suppression. The final chapters examine the syndromes, potential causes, and management galactorrhea, which is associated with increased pituitary prolactin secretion and deficient gonadotropin production. This book is of value to medical students, physiologists, endocrinologists, pharmacologists, basic and clinical investigators, physicians, and clinicians.

Download or read book Quantitative in Situ Characterization of a Putative Stem Cell Population in the Mouse Mammary Gland written by Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mammary Stem Cell Susceptibility to Carcinogenesis written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mammary tumor formation is thought to be the consequence of transformation of undifferentiated pluripotent stem cells. Little is known about the character of mammary gland stem cells. Examination of mammary gland development has indicated that there may be three distinct types of stem/progenitor cells (S/PC); those which only form ductal structures, those which only form alveolar structures and those which form all mammary gland structures. The goal of this work was to isolate S/PC from rat mammary glands using the recently described techniques of mammosphere formation and Hoechst dye-exclusion. Additionally, we sought to characterize the S/PC populations as to their ability to differentiate in solid matrix and their expression of certain antigens. Lastly, we aimed to determine whether the susceptibility of mammospheres (containing S/PC and transit amplifying cells TAC) to carcinogens varied compared to the intact mammary epithelial organoid (primarily TAC) . We cultured rat mammospheres and demonstrated two hallmarks of S/PC, their ability to self renew and to differentiate in solid matrix. We also isolated side-population (SP) cells which excluded Hoechst dye and reformed mammospheres. Immunostaining results were similar for organoids and mammospheres. Further work is needed to clearly assess which cell type is necessary for carcinogenesis.

Download or read book Breast Cancer Stem Cells Therapy Resistance written by Phuc Van Pham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-26 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume thoroughly examines breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), from basic definitions to techniques for identifying, isolating, culturing, and targeting BCSCs for therapy; there is additional focus on pre-clinical and clinical results. The text begins with a discussion of breast cancer, focusing especially on the limitations of current therapies in its treatment. The subsequent chapters introduce and compare stem cells and cancer stem cells, describe properties and isolation techniques of BCSCs, and examine BCSC-targeting approaches. The text concludes with a discussion of controversy surrounding the BCSC hypothesis and of future research directions. Breast Cancer Stem Cells & Therapy Resistance, part of the SpringerBriefs in Stem Cells series, provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of BCSCs for advanced students, graduate students and researchers as well as those working with breast cancer or stem cells in a clinical setting.

Download or read book Mapping Putative Stem progenitor Cells in the Mouse and Rat Mammary Glands written by Diana A. Sallam and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Mammary Stem Cells and Breast Cancer by the Co factor of LIM Domains Clim Transcriptional Regulator written by Michael Salmans and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advancements in mammary gland biology demonstrate conflicting models in maintenance of basal and luminal cell compartments by either unipotent or bipotent mammary stem cells. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying control of the basal cell compartment, including stem cells, remain poorly understood. Here we explore the currently unknown transcriptional mechanisms of basal stem cell (BSC) maintenance, in addition to addressing the role of the basal cell compartment in preserving luminal cell fate and promoting development of human breast tumors of luminal origin. We discover a novel function for the Co-factor of LIM domains (Clim) transcriptional regulator in promoting mammary gland branching morphogenesis and breast tumorigenesis through maintenance of the basal stem cell population. The transcriptional networks coordinated by Clims in basal mammary epithelial cells also preserve the identity of luminal epithelial cells, demonstrating a crosstalk between these two cellular compartments. Furthermore, we correlate developmental gene expression data with human breast cancer to investigate the role of developmental pathways during the initiation and progression of breast cancer. The gene regulatory networks identified during development, including those specifically coordinated by Clims, correlate with breast cancer patient outcome, suggesting these genes play an important role in the progression of breast cancer. We also explore the role of Agr2 a putative protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) initially identified as an estrogen-responsive gene in breast cancer cell lines, in normal mammary gland development and breast cancer. While Agr2 expression in breast cancer is positively correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) expression, it is upregulated in both hormone dependent and independent carcinomas. Agr2 expression is developmentally regulated in the mammary gland, with maximum expression during late pregnancy and lactation. We show that [Subscript Agr2] facilitates normal lobuloalveolar development by regulating mammary epithelial cell proliferation. In conclusion, the estrogen-responsive Agr2, a candidate breast cancer oncogene, regulates epithelial cell proliferation and lobuloalveolar development in the mammary gland. The pro-proliferative effects of Agr2 may explain its actions in early tumorigenesis.

Download or read book Biology of the Mammary Gland written by John A. Mol and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of the European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST 825) Symposium on Mammary Gland Biology, held September 16-18, 1999, in Tours, France. It is difficult to overstate the evolutionary and functional significance of mammary tissue in biology. Substantial progress has been made by researchers in various disciplines, particularly over the last fifteen years, towards realizing the potential of this tissue to yield powerful experimental models for morphogenesis and tissue development; for cellular differentiation; for the biosynthesis and secretion of proteins, lipids, small molecules and inorganic salts; and for the coordination and regulation of these processes. More recently, the possibility of exploiting the secretory epithelial cells of mammary tissue as `cell factories' has become a reality and the recombinant production by lactating animals of an increasing number of proteins, valuable both in the pharmaceutical and `nutraceutical' fields, is in progress or under development. Also in this sphere of agricultural production, genetic as well as nutritional technologies are under investigation and exploitation to optimize milk composition for various end-uses - for instance in food process and manufacture. The possibilities of deriving health benefit from the bioactive properties of some of the minor constituents of milk are emerging to counter the highly-publicized negative health impact of excessive consumption of saturated animal fats. In human nutrition and medicine, the mammary gland is both a source of nutrition to the neonate and a potential health threat to the adult female - breast cancer remains the major single cause of female mortality in most developed countries. This volume provides a unique glimpse into our understanding, at the cutting edge of a variety of disciplines, of this versatile and extraordinary tissue, at the birth of the twenty-first century.

Download or read book Culture of Human Stem Cells written by R. Ian Freshney and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-07-16 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book collects the most effective and cutting-edge methods and protocols for deriving and culturing human embryonic and adult stem cells—in one handy resource. This groundbreaking book follows the tradition of previous books in the Culture of Specialized Cells Series—each methods and protocols chapter is laid out exactly like the next, with stepwise protocols, preceded by specific requirements for that protocol, and a concise discussion of methods illustrated by data. The editors describe a limited number of representative techniques across a wide spectrum of stem cells from embryonic, newborn, and adult tissue, yielding an all-encompassing and versatile guide to the field of stem cell biology and culture. The book includes a comprehensive list of suppliers for all equipment used in the protocols presented, with websites available in an appendix. Additionally, there is a chapter on quality control, and other chapters covering legal and ethical issues, cryopreservation, and feeder layer culture. This text is a one-stop resource for all researchers, clinical scientists, teachers, and students involved in this crucial area of study.

Download or read book Breast Cancer written by Phuc Van Pham and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-04-05 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Breast Cancer - From Biology to Medicine thoroughly examines breast cancer from basic definitions, to cellular and molecular biology, to diagnosis and treatment. This book also has some additional focus on preclinical and clinical results in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The book begins with introduction on epidemiology and pathophysiology of breast cancer in Section 1. In Section 2, the subsequent chapters introduce molecular and cellular biology of breast cancer with some particular signaling pathways, the gene expression, as well as the gene methylation and genomic imprinting, especially the existence of breast cancer stem cells. In Section 3, some new diagnostic methods and updated therapies from surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and some complementary therapies are discussed. This book provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of breast cancer for advanced students, graduate students, and researchers as well as those working with breast cancer in a clinical setting.

Download or read book Mammary Stem Cells written by Robert B. Clarke and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Regulation of Mammary Stem Cell Self renewal by the SLIT2 ROBO1 Signaling Axis written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breast, or mammary gland in mice, is an epithelial bilayered ductal system that produces milk during pregnancy. It is composed of two main cell types, basal and luminal epithelial cells, and develops postnatally, primarily during puberty. In the mouse, this occurs between 3-6 weeks of age and is driven by stem cells in the end buds, located at the tips of the primary and secondary ductal branches. SLIT2, signaling through ROBO1 expressed on the surface of basal cells during development, regulates many aspects of mammary gland morphogenesis, including basal cell proliferation and branching, as well tumor cell transformation. Here, I first summarize how SLIT2/ROBO1 signaling drives, and in some cases, counteracts tumor progression, and then investigate if this signaling axis plays a role in the self-renewal of end bud stem cells. We show that mammary stem cells self-renew via asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) and that SLIT2/ROBO1 prevents precocious stem cell expansion, thus maintaining the stem cell population, by controlling the expression of the ACD regulator Inscuteable. Immunostaining, immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) experiments demonstrate increased expression of Inscuteable in Robo1-/- animals, while SLIT2 treatment of transformed basal cells leads to decreased Inscuteable levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this regulatory relationship is mediated by the SNAIL (SNAI1) transcription factor, which is present at higher levels in the Robo1-/- tissue. Through luciferase promoter assays, we find that SNAI1 enhances Inscuteable expression by binding to a non-canonical DNA binding site (TCACA) in the Inscuteable promoter. To investigate the consequences of elevated Inscuteable levels during ductal development, we characterized mammary gland morphology in an Inscuteable over-expressing mouse model (mInsc KI/KI) and found enhanced ductal outgrowth, without increased cell proliferation, in the transgenic, compared to wild type, mice. Using in vivo immunostaining and an in vitro live-cell labeling assay, we found an increased frequency of symmetric cell divisions, and limiting dilution assays revealed an expanded stem cell population in the mInsc KI/KI compared to wild type mouse. The consequence of this precocious stem cell expansion in puberty is decreased alveogenesis during pregnancy. Taken together, these results suggest that SLIT2/ROBO1 regulates the self-renewal of mammary stem cells during mammary gland development, and that this in turn influences ductal outgrowth, stem cell numbers and ultimately alveogenesis.