Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of Metabolism and PH for Tumor Characterization in Vivo Using Hyperpolarized 13C labelled Biosensors written by Stephan Maximilian Düwel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Tumor Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy written by Jae Mo Park and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike normal tissues, solid tumors have a metabolic phenotype that favors energy-inefficient glycolysis rather than more efficient, but oxygen consuming, oxidative phosphorylation, even when oxygen levels are adequate. This metabolic shift towards glycolysis, discovered by Warburg in 1924, has been studied for more than 80 years, but the mechanism of the phenomena is still unclear due to lack of tools for in vivo investigation. Dynamic nuclear polarization in combination with the recent development of a dissolution process that retains the increased polarization into the liquid state opened new possibilities for the real-time investigation of in vivo metabolism using C13 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In particular, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate, a substrate occupying a key nodal point in the glucose metabolic pathway, has been successfully demonstrated as a neoplasm biomarker via elevated lactate labeling in tumors. However, additional downstream products of pyruvate metabolism, such as that occur in mitochondria of brain tumor, have been veiled due to low signal-to-noise ratios. The first part of the thesis is on the quantitative assessment of mitochondrial function in normal rat brain and glioma by detecting 13C-bicarbonate following the bolus injection of [1-13C]pyruvate. The feasibility of quantitatively detecting 13C-bicarbonate in tumor-bearing rat brain is demonstrated for the first time. The optimized protocol for chemical shift imaging and high concentration of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate were used to improve measurements of lactate and bicarbonate in C6 glioma-transplanted rat brains. Moreover, the immediate response to dichloroacetate treatment, which upregulates pyruvate flux to acetyl-CoA, is also presented. It is demonstrated that the simultaneous detection of lactate and bicarbonate provides a tool for a more comprehensive analysis of glioma metabolism and the assessment of metabolic agents as anti-cancer drugs. In the second part of the thesis, further investigation on mitochondrial metabolism, including tricarboxylic acid cycle, is presented by acquiring single-time point chemical shift imaging data from rat brain in vivo after administration of highly concentrated [2-13C]pyruvate. A C13 surface coil optimized for rat brain was built to increase sensitivity of signal detection. [5-13C]glutamate, [1-13C]acetyl carnitine, and [1-13C]citrate were detected besides [2-13C]pyruvate and [2-13C]lactate, for the first time in brain. Change of the tricarboxylic acid cycle activity in brain was also investigated by infusing dichloroacetate. The increase of [5-13C]glutamate was detected primarily from brain, whereas [1-13C]acetyl carnitine was increased in peripheral tissues after the infusion of dichloroacetate. The third part focuses on dynamic measurements of hyperpolarized substrates to obtain exchange rates in addition to concentrations, and proposes the apparent conversion rate as a new metric to detect glioma by comparing the conversion rates in glioma, normal appearing brain, and basilar vasculature in female Sprague-Dawley rats with C6 glioma cells implanted. Whereas single-time point measurements give a snapshot image of tissue metabolism, the estimated apparent rate constant yielded a better differentiation between the tissue types than the lactate-to-pyruvate ratio, which has been the most common metric used to date. This study demonstrates the feasibility of quantitatively detecting C13-labeled bicarbonate and glutamate in vivo, permitting the assessment of dichloroacetate-modulate changes in pyruvate dehydrogenase flux in both normal rat brain and glioma. The simultaneous detection of both lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase activities will likely improve our ability to both assess and monitor metabolic therapies of brain and other cancers by providing non-invasive in vivo measures of glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
Download or read book Improved Quantification of in Vivo Metabolic Kinetics Using Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging written by Tao Xu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With signal-to-noise ratio enhancements on the order of 10,000-fold, hyperpolarized 13C MRSI allows the study of both the injected substrate and downstream metabolic products in vivo within the target organ, with the appearance of the 13C labels on the various metabolites resulting from a combination of isotopic exchange and metabolic flux. Although hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate has been extensively researched as an in vivo biomarker for disease diagnosis and response to therapy, efficient and robust quantification still remains important areas of investigation. Recently, a new quantification paradigm called the saturable kinetics of 13C labeling process was proposed. This method utilized a Mechaelis-Menton-like mathematical formulation with the estimated apparent Vmax to directly quantify the dose dependence (i.e., the saturation effects) of lactate and alanine reaction velocities following one hyperpolarized 13C pyruvate injection. However, to obtain the apparent Vmax, the current quantification method repeats the multi-site exchange model fitting with different pyruvate doses and each data point corresponds to one independent pyruvate injection. Therefore, the process needs multiple injections and multiple subjects to obtain one single saturation curve. Such an intense injection pattern is almost impossible for clinical trials. Also, the estimated apparent Vmax inevitably involves the inter-subject variability due to the multi-subject requirement. Therefore, it is necessary to have an efficient quantification method for the saturable kinetics and apparent Vmax measurement. First, we developed an inflow-based single-slice quantification method which can measure saturable kinetics in one slice efficiently. The experiment time can be reduced from multiple injections with multiple animals to one injection. We demonstrated our quantification method on healthy models (rat kidney and liver) and disease models (mouse prostate tumor). Second, we applied our proposed inflow-based single-slice quantification method and demonstrated the relative change of apparent Vmax of the lactate 13C labels was well correlated with the gold-standard ALDH2 enzymatic activity in rat liver. It may serve as a potential noninvasive in vivo indicator for ALDH2 activity and provide an alternative way to research the related diseases including alcoholism and ischemia. Finally, we extended our proposed inflow-based quantification method to the 3D case so that the saturable kinetics in multiple slices can be measured efficiently following one single pyruvate injection. This extension further improved the quantification efficiency and is useful in the case of the heterogeneous in vivo saturable kinetics. We demonstrated our 3D quantification method in healthy rat models.
Download or read book Development and Validation of PH and Oxygen Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Metabolic Characterization of Glioma written by Jingwen Yao and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reprogrammed energy metabolism and the dysfunctional vascular network of tumors create a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment, which is related to various malignant properties of cancer and poor patient prognosis. We have developed an amine chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) sequence with spin-and-gradient echo (SAGE) echo-planar imaging (EPI) readout to evaluate tumor acidity and hypoxia in human gliomas simultaneously. Amine CEST provided pH-sensitivity through labeling the endogenous amine protons that undergo chemical exchange with water protons, with a pH-dependent exchange rate. On the other hand, the reversible transverse relaxation rate quantified using the multi-echo EPI readout reflects oxygen extraction through sensitivity to paramagnetic deoxyhemoglobin. This dissertation focused on developing and validating this novel dual-function imaging technique, mainly from three aspects: the technical development and validation, the biological validation, and the clinical validation of the proposed pH- and oxygen-sensitive CEST-SAGE-EPI technique in human gliomas. We have developed a new post-processing method for improved $B_0$ correction. A customized CEST physical phantom was designed and developed with validated temporal stability. We also evaluated the CEST contrast variability in healthy volunteers and the normal-appearing contralateral brain regions in glioma patients. The proposed pH- and oxygen-sensitive imaging biomarkers showed significant correlations with the tumor cell metabolomics features and MRI-guided biopsy tissue biomarkers, which validated the biological bases of the imaging biomarkers. Additionally, we have examined the association between tumor acidity with tumor vascularity, as measured by perfusion MRI. Lastly, we investigated the clinical usefulness of the biomarkers to characterize different glioma genotypes, predict patient prognosis, and monitor treatment responses. In summary, this dissertation demonstrated that the novel dual-function pH- and oxygen-sensitive imaging technique reflects the abnormal metabolism in glioma patients and has the potential to provide clinical values for patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment efficacy assessment.
Download or read book Optimization of PH Imaging Methodology for Hyperpolarized 13C MRI written by Justin Yu and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: The acidification of the tumor microenvironment is a result of extensive metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells and is linked with tumor metastasis. Hyperpolarized MRI is a method for imaging and quantifying this change in pH, but suffers from rapid signal loss from spin-lattice (T 1) relaxation. We propose using hydrogen/deuterium exchange on hyperpolarized 13C probes in order to prolong hyperpolarized signal by reducing T 1 relaxation. Methods: H/D exchange was performed on several amino acids and amino acid derivatives with utility in HP-MRI. Isotopic enrichment was evaluated using 1H NMR. The T1 relaxation constant was quantified by analyzing the decay of hyperpolarized signal of deuterated vs nondeuterated 13C compounds. Results: H/D exchange was successfully used to enrich compounds with deuterium with high isotopic enrichment and moderate to high chemical yield. The T1 relaxation constant of all fully analyzed 13C compounds exhibited a significant increase after deuteration at 3T: T1 of 13C Gly increased from 52.0+/-3.2 to 65.0+/-1.2s, 13C Ala from 52.9+/-2.2 to 66.4+/-1.7s, 13C Val from 38.1+/-1.1 to 49.2+/-0.4s. Conclusion: H/D exchange method described is a viable technique for inexpensive and direct deuterium labeling. Deuterium labeling be applied to hyperpolarized 13C MRI probes to prolong HP signal by lengthening T1.
Download or read book Simultaneous Characterization of Tumor Cellularity and the Warburg Effect with PET MRI and Hyperpolarized 13C MRSI written by Christian Hundshammer and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: Modern oncology aims at patient-specific therapy approaches, which triggered the development of biomedical imaging techniques to synergistically address tumor biology at the cellular and molecular level. PET/MR is a new hybrid modality that allows acquisition of high-resolution anatomic images and quantification of functional and metabolic information at the same time. Key steps of the Warburg effect-one of the hallmarks of tumors-can be measured non-invasively with this emerging technique. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare simultaneously imaged augmented glucose uptake and LDH activity in a subcutaneous breast cancer model in rats (MAT-B-III) and to study the effect of varying tumor cellularity on image-derived metabolic information. Methods: For this purpose, we established and validated a multimodal imaging workflow for a clinical PET/MR system including proton magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to acquire accurate morphologic information and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to address tumor cellularity. Metabolic data were measured with dynamic [18F]FDG-PET and hyperpolarized (HP) 13C-pyruvate MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). We applied our workflow in a longitudinal study and analyzed the effect of growth dependent variations of cellular density on glycolytic parameters. Results: Tumors of similar cellularity with similar apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) showed a significant positive correlation of FDG uptake and pyruvate-to-lactate exchange. Longitudinal DWI data indicated a decreasing tumor cellularity with tumor growth, while ADCs exhibited a significant inverse correlation with PET standard uptake values (SUV). Similar but not significant trends were observed with HP-13C-MRSI, but we found that partial volume effects and point spread function artifacts are major confounders for the quantification of 13C-data when the spatial resolution is limited and major blood vessels are close to the tumor. Nevertheless, analysis of longitudinal data with varying tumor cellularity further detected a positive correlation between quantitative PET and 13C-data. Conclusions: Our workflow allows the quantification of simultaneously acquired PET, MRSI and DWI data in rodents on a clinical PET/MR scanner. The correlations and findings suggest that a major portion of consumed glucose is metabolized by aerobic glycolysis in the investigated tumor model. Furthermore, we conclude that variations in cell density affect PET and 13C-data in a similar manner and correlations of longitudinal metabolic data appear to reflect both biochemical processes and tumor cellularity
Download or read book Novel Techniques for Metabolic Imaging Using Hyperpolarized Carbon 13 Compounds written by Gajanana Keshava Datta and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using hyperpolarized carbon-13 compounds is an emerging tool to image real-time in vivo cellular metabolism with applications in studying tumor metabolism, understanding cardiac energetics, probing metabolic diseases, and assessing therapeutic response. In this work, we present several advances of this technology. First, in an imaging study using hyperpolarized [1-13C] pyruvate to assess the metabolic response in rat C6 glioma model treated with an anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) drug, we measured the relative preponderance of in vivo glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. We show that a single time-point measurement of the 13C lactate to bicarbonate ratio, 48 hours post-treatment, predicts survival and introduce the concept of cancer metabolic therapy index as a potential biomarker to evaluate treatment efficacy. Asymmetry of the C2 doublet in a sample of [1,2-13C] pyruvate has been suggested as a measure of in vivo polarization, a parameter necessary for quantitative studies. In the second part of this thesis, using product operator formalism, we present a theory for the asymmetry arising from the longitudinal two-spin order in hyperpolarized [1,2-13C] pyruvate. A model utilizing Redfield theory and three different relaxation mechanisms is proposed to explain the experimentally observed time-evolution of the asymmetry parameter. We show that the dipolar relaxation mechanism is dominant during the initial evolution of asymmetry, whereas, the cross-relaxation terms, arising from the interaction of chemical shift anisotropy and dipolar coupling, drive the asymmetry beyond its thermal equilibrium value. We further demonstrate that the knowledge of initial polarization is necessary for the estimation of instantaneous polarization using an asymmetry metric. Metabolic imaging using [2-13C] pyruvate simultaneously provides a direct measure of glycolysis and real-time window into the Krebs cycle. However, the difficulties due to the spread of the metabolite NMR signals over a large spectral range and the low SNR of [2-13C] lactate have limited its use. Here, we propose a hybrid imaging sequence alternately employing a fully resolved spectroscopic imaging to image the mitochondrial metabolites and a lactate-selective imaging sequence to simultaneously acquire real-time in vivo information related to oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Additionally, we introduce two new techniques for resolving the J-modulated artifact in the imaging of [2-13C] lactate, one based on the idea of quadrature imaging and the other using a narrowband excitation pulse. In the concluding part of this thesis, two polarization transfer techniques that enhance the sensitivity of lactate detection in a hyperpolarized metabolic imaging experiment are presented. By transferring the polarization from the C2 carbon in hyperpolarized [2-13C] lactate to its J-coupled proton, an ~3X SNR gain as compared to direct carbon detection is achieved. To solve the problem of the lactate doublet buried under large water and lipid signals, a time-series based water-suppression method is developed that delivers over 3 orders of reduction in water signal. A second technique, called GREEDI, uses gradient waveforms to split the coherences into two pathways such that an anti-phase and an in-phase component combine to give a singlet at the time of signal collection. This effective decoupling method with built-in water suppression, makes imaging of [2-13C] lactate possible without any ghosting artifacts, thus providing a tool to simultaneously assess in vivo oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis using hyperpolarized [2-13C] pyruvate metabolic imaging.
Download or read book Sup 13 C and Sup 31 P NMR Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Prostate Tumor Metabolism written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current research on prostate cancer by NMR spectroscopy and microscopy will most significantly contribute to tumor diagnosis and characterization only if sound biochemical models of tumor metabolism are established and tested. Prior searches focused on universal markers of malignancy, have to date, revealed no universal markers by any method. It is unlikely that NMRS will succeed where other methods have failed, however, NMR spectroscopy does provide a non-invasive means to analyze multiple compounds simultaneously in vivo. In order to fully evaluate the ability of NMRS to differentiate non-malignant from malignant tissues it is necessary to determine sufficient multiple parameters from specific, well-diagnosed, histological tumor types that, in comparison to normal tissue and non-neoplastic, non-normal pathologies from which the given neoplasm must be differentiated, one has enough degrees of freedom to make a mathematically and statistically significant determination. Confounding factors may consist of tumor heterogeneity arising from regional variations in differentiation, ischemia, necrosis, hemorrhage, inflammation and the presence of intermingled normal tissue. One related aspect of our work is the development of {l brace}13C{r brace}-1H metabolic imaging of 13C for metabolic characterization, with enhanced spatial localization (46). This should markedly extend the range of potential clinical NMR uses because the spatial variation in prostate metabolism may prove to be just as important in tumor diagnoses as bulk (volume-averaged) properties themselves. It is our hope that NMRS and spectroscopic imaging will reveal a sound correlation between prostate metabolism and tumor properties that will be clinically straightforward and useful for diagnosis.
Download or read book Micro MRI and Metabolism Studies of Benign and Malignant Living Human Prostate Tissue written by Jeremy Bancroft Brown and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prostate cancer is among the most prevalent and deadly of malignancies in both the United States and worldwide. Ongoing diagnostic challenges in prostate cancer include differentiating low-risk and high-risk tumors, and monitoring responses to therapy in patients with aggressive disease. Prostate cancer metabolism is characterized by a shift to aerobic glycolysis with lactate production and efflux, as well as increased tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, which has led to the investigation and development of metabolic imaging strategies such as hyperpolarized 13C MRI. However, it is nontrivial to study human prostate cancer metabolism in vivo, and the capability to better characterize tumor metabolism from a variety of disease states would be valuable for metabolic imaging biomarker development. This dissertation focuses on developing ex vivo strategies to measure metabolism in benign and malignant living human prostate tissue. First, because prostate tissue heterogeneity can impact metabolic measurements, we present the engineering of a 600 MHz radiofrequency (RF) microcoil to assess the heterogeneity of freshly acquired human prostate biopsies using microscale diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Next, we demonstrate the capability of micro-DWI to determine the biopsy percentage of glandular tissue, setting the stage for establishing the percentage and grade of cancer using this approach. After this, we develop a protocol for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantification of lactate production and efflux and glutamate fractional enrichment in freshly acquired living human prostate biopsies cultured with [1,6-13C2]glucose. In this study we demonstrate a significantly higher lactate efflux rate coming from low-grade prostate cancer versus benign biopsies in an early-stage patient population. This sets the stage for studies of metabolic fluxes and steady-state metabolite levels in biopsies from patients with aggressive disease before and after non-surgical therapy. Finally, due to recent interest in the potential role of Myc amplification and glutaminolysis upregulation in treatment insensitive castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), we present metabolic labeling results from a study of primary human prostate tissue slice cultures (TSCs) obtained at surgery and cultured with either [1,6-13C2]glucose or [3-13C]glutamine. Our results are consistent with prior thinking on the role of glucose and glutamine metabolism in treatment-naive prostate cancer.
Download or read book Visualizing Chemistry written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists and engineers have long relied on the power of imaging techniques to help see objects invisible to the naked eye, and thus, to advance scientific knowledge. These experts are constantly pushing the limits of technology in pursuit of chemical imagingâ€"the ability to visualize molecular structures and chemical composition in time and space as actual events unfoldâ€"from the smallest dimension of a biological system to the widest expanse of a distant galaxy. Chemical imaging has a variety of applications for almost every facet of our daily lives, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatment to the study and design of material properties in new products. In addition to highlighting advances in chemical imaging that could have the greatest impact on critical problems in science and technology, Visualizing Chemistry reviews the current state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and suggests a research and educational agenda to enable breakthrough improvements.
Download or read book Biomedical Engineering Challenges written by Vincenzo Piemonte and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An important resource that puts the focus on the chemical engineering aspects of biomedical engineering In the past 50 years remarkable achievements have been advanced in the fields of biomedical and chemical engineering. With contributions from leading chemical engineers, Biomedical Engineering Challenges reviews the recent research and discovery that sits at the interface of engineering and biology. The authors explore the principles and practices that are applied to the ever-expanding array of such new areas as gene-therapy delivery, biosensor design, and the development of improved therapeutic compounds, imaging agents, and drug delivery vehicles. Filled with illustrative case studies, this important resource examines such important work as methods of growing human cells and tissues outside the body in order to repair or replace damaged tissues. In addition, the text covers a range of topics including the challenges faced with developing artificial lungs, kidneys, and livers; advances in 3D cell culture systems; and chemical reaction methodologies for biomedical imagining analysis. This vital resource: Covers interdisciplinary research at the interface between chemical engineering, biology, and chemistry Provides a series of valuable case studies describing current themes in biomedical engineering Explores chemical engineering principles such as mass transfer, bioreactor technologies as applied to problems such as cell culture, tissue engineering, and biomedical imaging Written from the point of view of chemical engineers, this authoritative guide offers a broad-ranging but concise overview of research at the interface of chemical engineering and biology.
Download or read book Cell based Biosensors written by Qingjun Liu and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2009-10 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by recognized experts the field, this leading-edge resource is the first book to systematically introduce the concept, technology, and development of cell-based biosensors. You find details on the latest cell-based biosensor models and novel micro-structure biosensor techniques. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this unique volume presents the latest innovative applications of cell-based biosensors in a variety of biomedical fields. The book also explores future trends of cell-based biosensors, including integrated chips, nanotechnology and microfluidics. Over 140 illustrations help clarify key topics throughout the book.
Download or read book Advanced Diffusion Encoding Methods in MRI written by Daniel Topgaard and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-08-17 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The medical MRI community is by far the largest user of diffusion NMR techniques and this book captures the current surge of methods and provides a primary source to aid adoption in this field. There is a trend to adapting the more advanced diffusion encoding sequences developed by NMR researchers within the fields of porous media, chemical engineering, and colloid science to medical research. Recently published papers indicate great potential for improved diagnosis of the numerous pathological conditions associated with changes of tissue microstructure that are invisible to conventional diffusion MRI. This book disseminates these recent developments to the wider community of MRI researchers and clinicians. The chapters cover the theoretical basis, hardware and pulse sequences, data analysis and validation, and recent applications aimed at promoting further growth in the field. This is a fast moving field and chapters are written by key MRI scientists that have contributed to the successful translation of the advanced diffusion NMR methods to the context of medical MRI, from global locations.
Download or read book Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Resistance written by Wafik S. El-Deiry and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the entire breadth of translational cancer research and brings together members of academia and industry in the expectation of accelerating interactions and progress in the field. A variety of key topics are presented, beginning with discovery of molecular targets and pathways (oncogene, cell survival, tumor suppression, cell death), host-neoplasm interactions (cell adhesion, matrix proteases), early detection, monitoring progression, understanding tumor progression and metastasis, immune surveillance, in vivo molecular imaging, animal models, drug discovery including chemistry, high-throughput assays, mechanism determination, target validation, therapeutic window and some progress in clinical trials for more advanced agents and targets.
Download or read book In cell NMR Spectroscopy written by Yutaka Ito and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In-cell NMR spectroscopy is a relatively new field. Despite its short history, recent in-cell NMR-related publications in major journals indicate that this method is receiving significant general attention. This book provides the first informative work specifically focused on in-cell NMR. It details the historical background of in-cell NMR, host cells for in-cell NMR studies, methods for in-cell biological techniques and NMR spectroscopy, applications, and future perspectives. Researchers in biochemistry, biophysics, molecular biology, cell biology, structural biology as well as NMR analysts interested in biological applications will all find this book valuable reading.
Download or read book Bioactive Lipids written by A Nicolaou and published by Oily Press. This book was released on 2004-09-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Bioactive lipids, Anna Nicolaou and George Kokotos have brought together an international team of authors to discuss the nomenclature, structures, biochemistry, pharmacology and recent developments in the main classes of bioactive lipids. These lipids are essential components of the cell membrane and play many dynamic roles in mediating and controlling a wide array of cellular activities including membrane structure and organization, metabolic and gene regulation, protein structure and function, energy production, and signalling pathways. The lipid interests of scientists in the pharmaceutical and food industries are converging as the broader significance of bioactive lipids is increasingly recognized. Lipids and lipid-metabolizing enzymes are targeted for the development of new drugs. Meanwhile, functional foods, nutraceuticals and supplements already have lipids as major active ingredients. The food industry will progress from simply using lipids as ingredients, to the formulation of products that influence the synthesis, metabolism and effects of bioactive lipids in the body. These advances in applied lipid biochemistry will build on the fundamental research of lipid scientists in universities worldwide, such as those scientists contributing to Bioactive lipids.
Download or read book Make Life Visible written by Yoshiaki Toyama and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes marked advances in imaging technology that have enabled the visualization of phenomena in ways formerly believed to be completelyimpossible. These technologies have made major contributions to the elucidation of the pathology of diseases as well as to their diagnosis and therapy. The volume presents various studies from molecular imaging to clinical imaging. It also focuses on innovative, creative, advanced research that gives full play to imaging technology inthe broad sense, while exploring cross-disciplinary areas in which individual research fields interact and pursuing the development of new techniques where they fuse together. The book is separated into three parts, the first of which addresses the topic of visualizing and controlling molecules for life. Th e second part is devoted to imaging of disease mechanisms, while the final part comprises studies on the application of imaging technologies to diagnosis and therapy. Th e book contains the proceedings of the 12th Uehara International Symposium 2017, “Make Life Visible” sponsored by the Uehara Memorial Foundation and held from June 12 to 14, 2017. It is written by leading scientists in the field and is an open access publication under a CC BY 4.0 license.
