Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Groundwater written by Anatoly Legtchenko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-04 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the basics of the non-invasive geophysical method for groundwater investigation, called Magnetic Resonance Sounding (MRS) or Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (SNMR), and its practical application to the problems of groundwater localization and aquifer characterization. The method is based on the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) phenomenon and is selectively sensitive to groundwater. The main aims of the author are to teach the reader the basic principles of the method as well as to formulate consistent approximate models, leading to reasonably simple inverse problems. Containing an extensive bibliography, numerous practical and numerical examples as well as a detailed presentation of the nuts and bolts of the method based on the long-term experience of SNMR development and practical use, this book is useful for students, scientists and professional engineers working in the field of hydrogeophysics and hydrogeology. Contents 1. SNMR Imaging for Groundwater. 2. The Basics of NMR. 3. Forward Modeling. 4. Inversion. 5. Link Between SNMR and Aquifer Parameters.
Download or read book Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Water Content in the Subsurface written by Jan H. M. Hendrickx and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Subsurface Water Content 1997 Annual Progress Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the period from October 1997 to January 1998 the author has further developed the understanding of NMR physics, improved software for forward and inverse modeling of the NMR signal, and conducted field tests on sites in Colorado and New Mexico. One important result from the forward modeling was that the field strength of the signals is concentrated under the loop. This indicates that little lateral dissipation occurs. The author received the NUMIS/NMR system (manufactured by IRIS Instruments, France) in late July, 1997. In July and early August, 1997, potential test sites were visited, and several test sites were selected and permitted. The first NMR test measurements were made in mid-August, 1997. The instrument malfunctioned during mid-September, 1997, and was returned to IRIS for repairs. Time lost due to malfunction, repairs, and shipping was about one month. Many NMR measurements have been made at sites in Colorado and New Mexico. Parks often have been selected as test sites due to ease of permitting, the relatively large open space, and general lack of powerlines. Noise from power lines severely degrades the NMR data quality. The NMR data acquired at the first three sites in Colorado (Bear Creek, Clear Creek, and Prospect) was either severely distorted by powerline noise or did not indicate significant groundwater occurrences. The NMR data taken at Cherry Creek were of good quality and also indicated significant groundwater. The NMR data acquired at three sites with relatively shallow ground water levels around Socorro, New Mexico, did not detect any ground water due to severe signal distortion by magnetite, a magnetic mineral. Measurements in a compact sand stone near Santa Rosa and in a limestone near Artesia, New Mexico, gave excellent results. Overall, the NMR technique proves capable of detecting subsurface ground water under the right conditions: little noise from power lines and absence of magnetite.
Download or read book NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF WATER CONTENT IN THE SUBSURFACE written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains the experimental, theoretical and numerical studies performed under Department of Energy (DOE) Agreement Number DE-FG07-96ER14732 entitled ''Surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance for Imaging Subsurface Water.'' DOE and Department of Defense (DOD) complexes and test ranges are situated in widely varying climatic conditions from the desert southwest to the humid east. The mission of the Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management (EM) is to clean up the inventory of inactive DOE sites and facilities, and the goal of the EM Office of Technology Development (OTD) is to deliver technologies to make environmental restoration more efficient and cost effective. In the western United States, where a number of DOE facilities are located, the water table can occur several hundred feet below the surface. The zone between surface and water table is called the vadose zone or unsaturated zone. A characteristic of that zone is that mobility of water and contaminants is greatly reduced compared to rate of movement in the saturated zone. A thick vadose zone lowers the risk and, at least, increases the time before contaminants enter drinking water supplies. The assessment of risk is often performed by modeling of ground water flow and contaminant migration by analytical methods or unsaturated flow models (e.g. Hendrickx et al 1991). Necessary inputs for these models are the hydraulic properties of the different geological formations (e.g. Hendrickx 1990) and the water content distribution in the vadose zone (Freeze and Cherry 1979). Accurate risk assessments for ground water contamination cannot be conducted without actual measurements of the water content distribution in the vadose zone. To date, very few techniques have been developed to provide such information at an acceptable speed and cost. Because soil water contents exhibit a large spatial and temporal variability, the costs of conventional measurement techniques, such as gravimetric sampling, gypsum blocks, and neutron probes, are high. Only non-intrusive tests with a cost factor much lower than that of an intrusive test will offer acceptable alternatives. Therefore, a definite need exists for a non-intrusive water content measurement method. The surface nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique applied to imaging of ground water was first developed by Russian scientists from the Institute of Chemical and Combustion in Novosibirsk, Russia. Over the last two decades they have published a series of papers and reports describing the theory of the method, along with experimental measurements from the surface to a depth of about 100 m. Preliminary evaluation of the concepts and results merited further investigations, particularly because of the critical technical need for cost-effective water content measurements in environmental restoration.
Download or read book Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Water Motion in Plants written by Thomas Wilhelmus Jacobus Scheenen and published by . This book was released on 2001* with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of the Surface Mode of Groundwater Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SGW NMR Models in Exploration and Quantification of Groundwater written by C.O. Owuor and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging And Spectroscopy Of Water During The Drying Of Soft Woods written by L. Dong and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Robert W. Brown and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition explores contemporary MRI principles and practices Thoroughly revised, updated and expanded, the second edition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Physical Principles and Sequence Design remains the preeminent text in its field. Using consistent nomenclature and mathematical notations throughout all the chapters, this new edition carefully explains the physical principles of magnetic resonance imaging design and implementation. In addition, detailed figures and MR images enable readers to better grasp core concepts, methods, and applications. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Second Edition begins with an introduction to fundamental principles, with coverage of magnetization, relaxation, quantum mechanics, signal detection and acquisition, Fourier imaging, image reconstruction, contrast, signal, and noise. The second part of the text explores MRI methods and applications, including fast imaging, water-fat separation, steady state gradient echo imaging, echo planar imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and induced magnetism. Lastly, the text discusses important hardware issues and parallel imaging. Readers familiar with the first edition will find much new material, including: New chapter dedicated to parallel imaging New sections examining off-resonance excitation principles, contrast optimization in fast steady-state incoherent imaging, and efficient lower-dimension analogues for discrete Fourier transforms in echo planar imaging applications Enhanced sections pertaining to Fourier transforms, filter effects on image resolution, and Bloch equation solutions when both rf pulse and slice select gradient fields are present Valuable improvements throughout with respect to equations, formulas, and text New and updated problems to test further the readers' grasp of core concepts Three appendices at the end of the text offer review material for basic electromagnetism and statistics as well as a list of acquisition parameters for the images in the book. Acclaimed by both students and instructors, the second edition of Magnetic Resonance Imaging offers the most comprehensive and approachable introduction to the physics and the applications of magnetic resonance imaging.
Download or read book Hydrogeophysics written by Yorum Rubin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-05-06 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This ground-breaking work is the first to cover the fundamentals of hydrogeophysics from both the hydrogeological and geophysical perspectives. Authored by leading experts and expert groups, the book starts out by explaining the fundamentals of hydrological characterization, with focus on hydrological data acquisition and measurement analysis as well as geostatistical approaches. The fundamentals of geophysical characterization are then at length, including the geophysical techniques that are often used for hydrogeological characterization. Unlike other books, the geophysical methods and petrophysical discussions presented here emphasize the theory, assumptions, approaches, and interpretations that are particularly important for hydrogeological applications. A series of hydrogeophysical case studies illustrate hydrogeophysical approaches for mapping hydrological units, estimation of hydrogeological parameters, and monitoring of hydrogeological processes. Finally, the book concludes with hydrogeophysical frontiers, i.e. on emerging technologies and stochastic hydrogeophysical inversion approaches.
Download or read book Environmental Geology written by Klaus Knödel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 1375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This illustrated handbook describes a broad spectrum of methods in the fields of remote sensing, geophysics, geology, hydrogeology, geochemistry, and microbiology designed to investigate landfill, mining and industrial sites. The descriptions provide information about the principle of the methods, applications and fundamentals. This handbook also deals with the stepwise procedure for investigating sites and common problems faced in efficient implementation of field operations.
Download or read book Separation of Water and Fat Signal in Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Johan Berglund and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characterisation of Water Transport in Cement based Materials written by Sahar Zamani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applied Hydrogeology written by Charles Willard Fetter and published by . This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogeology¿s importance has grown to become an integral part not only of geology curricula, but also those in environmental science and engineering. Applied Hydrogeology serves all these students, presenting the subject¿s fundamental concepts in addition to its importance in other disciplines. Fetter skillfully addresses both physical and chemical hydrogeology, highlighting problem solving throughout the book.Case studies, Excel-based projects, and working student versions of software used by groundwater professionals supplement the fourth edition¿s insightful explanations and succinct solutions to real-world challenges. Each chapter concludes with example problems, a notation of symbols, and informative analysis. A glossary of hydrogeological terms adds significant value to this comprehensive text. Fetter¿s accessible coverage prepares readers for success in their careers well beyond the classroom.
Download or read book The Application of Nuclear Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Static and Dynamic Water Phenomena in Soil written by Maryam Haifeng Gao Amin and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Near surface Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation Measurements for Groundwater Applications written by Elliot David Grunewald and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NMR measurements have been utilized for decades in the oil and gas industry to characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs. Recent efforts have aimed to extend NMR techniques to near-surface application using logging tools or non-invasive surface-based instruments to characterize groundwater aquifers. Quantifying aquifer properties such as porosity, pore-size, and permeability from NMR measurements, however, requires appropriate rock physics models that relate the measured NMR relaxation response to the underlying properties of interest. Conventional rock physics models have been primarily developed and tested for NMR applications in oil and gas applications, but applications of NMR in the near-surface differ in two significant respects: (1) in the near surface, unconsolidated sediments rather than consolidated rock are commonly encountered; and (2) surface-based NMR instruments record a fundamentally different relaxation signal than NMR logging tools. This dissertation presents laboratory and numerical studies to illuminate how these differences will influence the NMR measurement and how existing rock physics models must be revised to improve the interpretation of NMR data for groundwater applications. First, two complementary studies demonstrate that the presence of well-connected pores in unconsolidated sediments can lead to a process known as diffusional coupling, which can complicate the conventional model used to relate the NMR relaxation time distribution to an underlying distribution of pore environments. Laboratory measurements and theoretical modeling of relaxation in synthetic silica gels show that diffusional coupling tends to obscure an underlying bimodal pore-size distribution, leading to underestimation of the size of the largest pores and also underestimation of the fractional porosity comprised of small pores. These experiments further demonstrate that surface geochemistry can act to control the extent to which coupling occurs. A second study extends upon these results, considering NMR relaxation and the effect of diffusional coupling in unconsolidated heterogeneous sediments. It is shown that at a more fundamental level, the extent of coupling is primarily controlled by the relative magnitude of two key length scales: one describing the scale of molecular diffusion, and the other describing the scale of heterogeneity. These studies provide a basis for predicting and accounting for the effects of diffusional coupling in unconsolidated sediments. A second group of studies investigates how the signal measured by surface NMR instruments differs from that measured by logging tools. The first study uses laboratory and numerical experiment to systematically characterize the differences between the decay time measured by surface NMR (T2*) and that measured by logging tools (T2). It is shown that in weakly magnetic sediments, T2*, like T2, can convey useful information about pore size and permeability, but this parameter yields more limited information in sediments with higher magnetic susceptibility. A final study investigates how the shape of the signal measured by surface NMR can deviate from a commonly assumed exponential form. It is shown that they decay is most likely to be non-exponential when pores are large and the magnetic field is highly inhomogeneous; in such cases, an invalid assumption of exponential decay can lead to significant overestimation of water content. By advancing our understanding of near-surface NMR relaxation measurements, this research will enable more effective use and interpretation of NMR data for groundwater application.
Download or read book Proceedings of The 2nd International Workshop on the Magnetic Resonance Sounding Method Applied to Non invasive Groundwater Investigations 19 21 November 2003 Orl ans France written by and published by . This book was released on 2003* with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for the Investigation of Water Refilling of Embolized Xylem Vessels in Plant Stem Segments and of Water Management in Operating Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells written by Mingtao Wang and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
