Download or read book Lung Motion Model Validation Experiments Free Breathing Tissue Densitometry and Ventilation Mapping Using Fast Helical CT Imaging written by Tai H. Dou and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The uncertainties due to respiratory motion present significant challenges to accurate characterization of cancerous tissues both in terms of imaging and treatment. Currently available clinical lung imaging techniques are subject to inferior image quality and incorrect motion estimation, with consequences that can systematically impact the downstream treatment delivery and outcome. The main objective of this thesis is the development of the techniques of fast helical computed tomography (CT) imaging and deformable image registration for the radiotherapy applications in accurate breathing motion modeling, lung tissue density modeling and ventilation imaging. Fast helical CT scanning was performed on 64-slice CT scanner using the shortest available gantry rotation time and largest pitch value such that scanning of the thorax region amounts to just two seconds, which is less than typical breathing cycle in humans. The scanning was conducted under free breathing condition. Any portion of the lung anatomy undergoing such scanning protocol would be irradiated for only a quarter second, effectively removing any motion induced image artifacts. The resulting CT data were pristine volumetric images that record the lung tissue position and density in a fraction of the breathing cycle. Following our developed protocol, multiple fast helical CT scans were acquired to sample the tissue positions in different breathing states. To measure the tissue displacement, deformable image registration was performed that registers the non-reference images to the reference one. In modeling breathing motion, external breathing surrogate signal was recorded synchronously with the CT image slices. This allowed for the tissue-specific displacement to be modeled as parametrization of the recorded breathing signal using the 5D lung motion model. To assess the accuracy of the motion model in describing tissue position change, the model was used to simulate the original high-pitch helical CT scan geometries, employed as ground truth data. Image similarity between the simulated and ground truth scans was evaluated. The model validation experiments were conducted in a patient cohort of seventeen patients to assess the model robustness and inter-patient variation. The model error averaged over multiple tracked positions from several breathing cycles was found to be on the order of one millimeter. In modeling the density change under free breathing condition, the determinant of Jacobian matrix from the registration-derived deformation vector field yielded volume change information of the lung tissues. Correlation of the Jacobian values to the corresponding voxel Housfield units (HU) reveals that the density variation for the majority of lung tissues can be very well described by mass conservation relationship. Different tissue types were identified and separately modeled. Large trials of validation experiments were performed. The averaged deviation between the modeled and the reference lung density was 30 HU, which was estimated to be the background CT noise level. In characterizing the lung ventilation function, a novel method was developed to determine the extent of lung tissue volume change. Information on volume change was derived from the deformable image registration of the fast helical CT images in terms of Jacobian values with respect to a reference image. Assuming the multiple volume change measurements are independently and identically distributed, statistical formulation was derived to model ventilation distribution of each lung voxels and empirical minimum and maximum probability distribution of the Jacobian values was computed. Ventilation characteristic was evaluated as the difference of the expectation value from these extremal distributions. The resulting ventilation map was compared with an independently obtained ventilation image derived directly from the lung intensities and good correlation was found using statistical test. In addition, dynamic ventilation characterization was investigated by estimating the voxel-specific ventilation distribution. Ventilation maps were generated at different percentile levels using the tissue volume expansion metrics.
Download or read book Applications of Breathing Motion Dynamics Derived from Fast Helical Free Breathing CT written by Michael Vincent Lauria and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diseases affecting the respiratory system are among the most common and deadliest worldwide. The ability to characterize the patient-specific, physical properties of the respiratory system could improve treatments and interventions that aim to combat these diseases. With the unique capabilities of modern CT technology, we can formulate novel approaches to capture and characterize breathing motion. The development of fast-helical free-breathing CT (FHFBCT), along with the 5DCT motion modeling protocol, have allowed us to acquire CT images with dynamic information, free of the artifacts typically observed in 4DCT approaches. Though this protocol was developed for radiation oncology, its value stems far beyond. The goal of this dissertation is to use FHFBCT in several applications that provide guidance or improvement to technologies involved in the treatment of patients with respiratory diseases such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). First, we applied FHFBCT and motion modeling within its primary area of CT simulation for radiotherapy. We studied the use of the respiratory bellows and the entire patient skin surface as respiratory surrogates for CT simulation using FHFBCT data and found that the center abdomen would be a reliable skin surface-based surrogate for diaphragm motion. We then investigated an application of FHFBCT in the radiotherapy workflow outside of CT simulation. We demonstrated the feasibility of using FHFBCT and 5DCT motion modeling in cone-beam CT (CBCT) reconstruction to provide accurate motion compensation. Finally, we proposed the use of dynamic breathing information from FHFBCT beyond radiotherapy altogether, into areas such as surgical planning, pulmonology, and diagnostics. We developed an automatic, triangulation meshing technique for airway segmentations extracted from FHFBCT data to enable computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with free-breathing data. We also calculated ventilation from FHFBCTs and characterized its heterogeneity across lobes of patients with COPD of varying severities. We performed a similar study using elasticity, a measure of tissue stiffness obtained through a CT-based elastography approach, instead of ventilation, to propose an additional biomarker for lung function. The work in this dissertation provides a demonstration of the unique advantages of breathing dynamics derived from FHFBCT. We hope that this work encourages others to research the studied topics as well as continue to implement FHFBCT and motion modeling to other areas of medicine to improve diagnostics and treatments for patients suffering from respiratory illnesses.
Download or read book Prediction and Characterization of Lung Tissue Motion During Quiet Respiration written by Benjamin Michael White and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: The purpose of this dissertation is to quantitatively characterize and predict lung tissue motion with the goal of improving the local control of lung cancer. This is accomplished by producing a biomechanical model of lung tissue motion during quiet respiration. This dissertation proposes the development of algorithms and protocols for the analysis of motion information in 4DCT images. Methods: A cohort of 50 patients was acquired with a 16-slice CT scanner. This data was used throughout the dissertation. Based on the law of volume conservation, a relationship between the tidal volume and the geometric expansion of the torso was devised and used to improve breathing motion studies. The breathing patterns of these patients were used to characterize breathing patterns based on the measured external surrogate information with the aim of improving the efficiency of linear accelerator gating windows. A characteristic breath was defined as an average breath for use in generating patterns representative of realistic motion for breathing motion studies. A prospective gating algorithm was developed to allow the acquisition of user specified breathing phases with a relatively simple model to accurately predict respiratory phase occurrence in order to reduce the number of scans necessary to obtain sufficient data for breathing motion modeling. A new term to the breathing motion model to account for cardiac induced lung tissue motion was developed to improve the accuracy of the model. Results: Breathing studies can be optimized by placing the surrogate device between the third and fourth lumbar vertebra. Three types of breathing patterns were observed in the patient cohort. The hysteresis component of lung tissue trajectories was shown to be between 8 - 18 % of the volume filling component of motion. A simple prediction algorithm was shown to be a significant improvement over commercially available software. An additional term was devised to account for cardiac-induced lung motion and was shown to be accurate. Conclusion: This dissertation has demonstrated new quantitative methods to characterize lung tissue motion. Future work includes incorporating the work described in this dissertation into a new fast helical CT image acquisition protocol for breathing motion modeling.
Download or read book MRI of the Lung written by Hans-Ulrich Kauczor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-12 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decade significant developments have been achieved in the field of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), enabling MRI to enter the clinical arena of chest imaging. Standard protocols can now be implemented on up-to-date scanners, allowing MRI to be used as a first-line imaging modality for various lung diseases, including cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and even lung cancer. The diagnostic benefits stem from the ability of MRI to visualize changes in lung structure while simultaneously imaging different aspects of lung function, such as perfusion, respiratory motion, ventilation and gas exchange. On this basis, novel quantitative surrogates for lung function can be obtained. This book provides a comprehensive overview of how to use MRI for imaging of lung disease. Special emphasis is placed on benign diseases requiring regular monitoring, given that it is patients with these diseases who derive the greatest benefit from the avoidance of ionizing radiation.
Download or read book Small Animal Imaging written by Fabian Kiessling and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 871 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook is a practical guide to the use of small animal imaging in preclinical research that will assist in the choice of imaging modality and contrast agent and in study design, experimental setup, and data evaluation. All established imaging modalities are discussed in detail, with the assistance of numerous informative illustrations. While the focus of the new edition remains on practical basics, it has been updated to encompass a variety of emerging imaging modalities, methods, and applications. Additional useful hints are also supplied on the installation of a small animal unit, study planning, animal handling, and cost-effective performance of small animal imaging. Cross-calibration methods and data postprocessing are considered in depth. This new edition of Small Animal Imaging will be an invaluable aid for researchers, students, and technicians involved in research into and applications of small animal imaging.
Download or read book Pediatric Chest Imaging written by Pilar Garcia-Peña and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-09 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the second edition of Pediatric Chest Imaging was published in 2007, there have been further significant advances in our understanding of chest diseases and continued development of new imaging technology and techniques. The third, revised edition of this highly respected reference publication has been thoroughly updated to reflect this progress. Due attention is paid to the increased role of hybrid imaging, and entirely new chapters cover topics such as interventional radiology, lung MRI, functional MRI, diffuse/interstitial lung disease, and cystic fibrosis. As in previous editions, the focus is on technical aspects of modern imaging modalities, their indications in pediatric chest disease, and the diagnostic information that they supply. Pediatric Chest Imaging will be an essential asset for pediatricians, neonatologists, cardiologists, radiologists, and pediatric radiologists everywhere.
Download or read book Diseases of the Heart Chest Breast written by J. Hodler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-07-28 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by internationally renowned experts, this is a collection of chapters dealing with imaging diagnosis and interventional therapies in abdominal and pelvic disease. The different topics are disease-oriented and encompass all the relevant imaging modalities including X-ray technology, nuclear medicine, ultrasound and magnetic resonance, as well as image-guided interventional techniques.
Download or read book Diagnostic Radiology Physics written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is aimed at students and teachers involved in programmes that train medical physicists for work in diagnostic radiology. It provides a comprehensive overview of the basic medical physics knowledge required in the form of a syllabus for the practice of modern diagnostic radiology. This makes it particularly useful for graduate students and residents in medical physics programmes. The material presented in the publication has been endorsed by the major international organizations and is the foundation for academic and clinical courses in both diagnostic radiology physics and in emerging areas such as imaging in radiotherapy.
Download or read book Ehlers Danlos Syndrome A Multidisciplinary Approach written by J.W.G. Jacobs and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Generalized hypermobility has been known since ancient times, and a clinical description of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is said to have first been recorded by Hippocrates in 400 BC. Hypermobility syndromes occur frequently, but the wide spectrum of possible symptoms, coupled with a relative lack of awareness and recognition, are the reason that they are frequently not recognized, or remain undiagnosed. This book is an international, multidisciplinary guide to hypermobility syndromes, and EDS in particular. It aims to create better awareness of hypermobility syndromes among health professionals, including medical specialists, and to be a guide to the management of such syndromes for patients and practitioners. It is intended for use in daily clinical practice rather than as a reference book for research or the latest developments, and has been written to be understandable for any healthcare worker or educated patient without compromise to the scientific content. The book is organized as follows: chapters on classifications and genetics are followed by chapters on individual types, organ (system) manifestations and complications, and finally ethics and therapeutic strategies, with an appendix on surgery and the precautions which should attend it. A special effort has been made to take account of the perspective of the patient; two of the editors have EDS. The book will be of interest to patients with hypermobility syndromes and their families, as well as to all those healthcare practitioners who may encounter such syndromes in the course of their work.
Download or read book Clinical PET and PET CT written by H. Jadvar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-20 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical manual covering the full spectrum of PET and PET/CT imaging, now in common clinical practice, this book includes images of normal variants, artifacts, and pathologic conditions. Indications for and the relative clinical value of PET in the armamentarium of diagnostic medical imaging are reviewed. The information in the book is organized to be brief, concise, easy-to-understand and readily accessed. This book is intended for all health practitioners who need a concise reference and review of PET imaging indications, protocols and clinical applications. It will be useful to radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and clinicians who refer their patients to PET Centers for diagnostic imaging, including neurologists, neurosurgeons, psychiatrists, cardiologists, internists, and oncologists. Radiologic and nuclear medicine technologists, and physicians in training will also benefit from this work.
Download or read book Pulmonary Functional Imaging written by Yoshiharu Ohno and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-11 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the basics of pulmonary functional imaging using new CT and MR techniques and describes the clinical applications of these techniques in detail. The intention is to equip readers with a full understanding of pulmonary functional imaging that will allow optimal application of all relevant techniques in the assessment of a variety of diseases, including COPD, asthma, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and pulmonary nodule. Pulmonary functional imaging has been promoted as a research and diagnostic tool that has the capability to overcome the limitations of morphological assessments as well as functional evaluation based on traditional nuclear medicine studies. The recent advances in CT and MRI and in medical image processing and analysis have given further impetus to pulmonary functional imaging and provide the basis for future expansion of its use in clinical applications. In documenting the utility of state-of-the-art pulmonary functional imaging in diagnostic radiology and pulmonary medicine, this book will be of high value for chest radiologists, pulmonologists, pulmonary surgeons, and radiation technologists.
Download or read book PET MRI in Oncology written by Andrei Iagaru and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-23 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, experts from premier institutions across the world with extensive experience in the field clearly and succinctly describe the current and anticipated uses of PET/MRI in oncology. The book also includes detailed presentations of the MRI and PET technologies as they apply to the combined PET/MRI scanners. The applications of PET/MRI in a wide range of oncological settings are well documented, highlighting characteristic findings, advantages of this dual-modality technique, and pitfalls. Whole-body PET/MRI applications and pediatric oncology are discussed separately. In addition, information is provided on PET technology designs and MR hardware for PET/MRI, MR pulse sequences and contrast agents, attenuation and motion correction, the reliability of standardized uptake value measurements, and safety considerations. The balanced presentation of clinical topics and technical aspects will ensure that the book is of wide appeal. It will serve as a reference for specialists in nuclear medicine and radiology and oncologists and will also be of interest for residents in these fields and technologists.
Download or read book MDCT written by Mannudeep K. Kalra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-11-16 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "MDCT: From Protocols to Practice" tackles contemporary and topical issues in MDCT technology and applications. As an updated edition of MDCT: A Practical Approach, this volume offers new content as well as revised chapters from the previous volume. New chapters discuss important topics such as imaging of children and obese subjects, the use of contrast medium in pregnant women, coronary MDCT angiography, and PET/CT in abdominal and pelvic malignancies. Furthermore an Appendix with over 50 updated MDCT scanning protocols completes this publication. The book emphasizes the practical aspects of MDCT, making it an invaluable source of information for radiologists, residents, medical physicists, and radiology technologists in everyday clinical practice.
Download or read book CT of the Airways written by Phillip M. Boiselle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-25 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive review of large and small airways disorders. It begins with four introductory chapters devoted to airway physiology, anatomy, and anatomical and functional CT imaging methods. These chapters are followed by coverage of large airways disorders in adults, including airway stenoses, neoplasms, malacia and bronchiectasis. The next section examines small airways disorders in adults, including asthma, infectious and non-infectious small airways disorders, obliterative bronchiolitis, and smoking-related airway diseases. The final two chapters detail pediatric large and small airway disorders.
Download or read book Multislice CT written by M.F. Reiser and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The introduction of multidetector spiral CT into clinical practice is without any doubt one of the most important technical developments in the field of computed tomography in general, and spiral CT in particular, in recent years. Indeed, multislice CT technology, based on the spiral CT technique invented by W. Kalender almost 20 years ago, has opened immense and totally new perspectives for better utilisation of contrast medium during the examination, for optimal multiplanar reconstruction and for increased patient throughput. The potential applications, more specifically in the area of CT angiography of the brain and the heart and vessels, are most interesting and definitely contribute to better patient care as well as to more effi cient utilisation of equipment. These exciting new clinical applications explain the keen desire of radiologists and other clinicians to hear and learn more about the first results obtained with this new equipment in daily clinical practice. This book will satisfy their needs. Professor Maximilian F. Reiser was among the first to install multidetector CT in his department in Munich and to gain experience with this new radiological tool. He was also able to organise a very successful and well attended international meeting on this hot topic as early as z 2000 in Starnberg, Germany.
Download or read book Drug Discovery and Evaluation written by Hans G. Vogel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 790 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book contains a comprehensive selection of the most frequently used assays for reliably detecting pharmacological effects of potential drugs, including tests for cardiovascular, analgesic, psychotropic, metabolic, endocrine, respiratory, renal, and immunomodulatory activities. Each of the over 700 assays comprises a detailed protocol with the purpose and rationale of the method, a description of the experimental procedure, a critical assessment of the results and their pharmacological and clinical relevance, and pertinent references. Identification of specific tests is facilitated by the enclosed CD-ROM which allows for a quick and full text research. An appendix with guidelines and legal regulations for animal experiments in various countries will help to plan these experiments properly in accordance with the welfare of laboratory animals.
Download or read book Clinical PET CT in Radiology written by Paul Shreve and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-14 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is specifically designed to meet the needs of practicing radiologists by offering a practical, unified approach to PET-CT. It details how to effectively apply PET-CT in patient management. Written by radiologists who fully appreciate and understand both PET and CT, the book details an integrated understanding of PET-CT as a combined modality. Clinical topics include PET-CT of thoracic malignancies, melanoma, and breast cancer. In addition, the book reinforces fundamental concepts, such as the role of imaging diagnosis in disease management.
