Download or read book Low Temperature Carburization of Ferritic Stainless Steels written by Joshua H. Katz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferritic stainless steels with a high chromium content were case hardened at 350 to 420o C using a carburization technique developed by the Swagelok company. This carburization treatment applied to body-centered cubic ferritic stainless steels has resulted in a case only a few microns thick in contrast to the 20 to 40 micron thick cases produced in face-centered cubic austenitic stainless steels carburized at 450 to 470o C. This situation has been investigated using CALPHAD based thermodynamic simulation techniques to explore the possible formation of carbides having the same composition of metal elements as their ferritic matrix, i.e. paraequilibrium carbides. Experimental work has included X-ray Diraction (XRD), hardness measurements, metallographic analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Auger Electron Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Both the simulation and the experimental work indicate that paraequilibrium carbides are forming a layer in the near surface region that creates a barrier which greatly restricts carbon diffusion into the ferrite phase during the carburization treatments.
Download or read book Low Temperature Surface Carburization of Stainless Steels written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stainless Steel 2000 written by Tom Bell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-31 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Austenitic stainless steels lend themselves to a wide range of applications. However, they normally stiffer from poor wear resistance and do not respond well to traditional surface treatments. This volume. the fruit of a current status seminar, reflects the enormous strides which have been made in the last few years in the study of the expanded austenite phase (also called the S phase) and the development of new surface treatment techniques. As well as the papers presented at the seminar, the book contains selection from related papers and a comprehensive bibliography of the literature on the subject from 1979 to 2000.
Download or read book Carburization of Austenitic Stainless Steel in Liquid Sodium written by W. J. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improvement of Fatigue Properties of Stainless Steel by Low Temperature Carburization written by Nikhil Agarwal and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Performance Stainless Steels written by Curtis W. Kovach and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phase Transformations Accompanying Low temperature Carburization of Martensitic Stainless Steels Under Paraequilibrium Conditions written by Chihoon Lee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CALPHAD based interstitial solid solution thermodynamic modeling was used to determine carbon solubility in the presence of select carbide phases and the eutectoid temperatures of 15-5 PH and 17-7 PH stainless steels under paraequilibrium conditions. Predictions using CALPHAD parameters from different sources in the literature were compared. Resulting values for the eutectoid temperature in 15-5 PH stainless steel varied nominally 100K depending upon the choice of Cr-Fe-C CALPHAD parameters employed. By converting from a dilute solution to a CALPHAD model, Cu-C interaction parameters were derived and applied to the numerical prediction. CALPHAD based thermodynamic modeling also was used to predict the effects of Cr and Ni on the solubility in Fe-based bcc and fcc matrices of graphite and paraequilibrium M3C, M7C3, and M23C6 carbides. The solubility of graphite increases with increasing Cr, and decreases with increasing Ni contents in both bcc and fcc matrices. For the Fe-Ni-C system, CALPHAD modeling of compositions up to 40 wt. pct. Ni found that the formation of paraequilibrium conbides increases the solubility of carbon relative to graphite for both bcc and fcc matrices at 700K. The Swagelok low-temperature carburization process was applied to 15-5 PH stainless steel over a temperature range from 380 to 450C. Through this process, hardened cases 8-12 æm thick were produced having a carbon content of 8-10 at. pct. as determined using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Near surface microstructures were examined using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Microhardness testing measured case hardness values of 950-1100 HV which are much higher than the core hardness values of approximately 500 HV.
Download or read book Corrosion and Decarburization of the Ferritic Chromium molybdenum Steels in Sodium Coolant Systems written by W. C. Hayes and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Surface Modification of Superaustenitic and Maraging Stainless Steels by Low temperature Gas phase Carburization written by Johannes Gentil and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manufacturing and Application of Stainless Steels written by Andrea Di Schino and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-15 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stainless steels represent a quite interesting material family, both from a scientific and commercial point of view, following to their excellent combination in terms of strength and ductility together with corrosion resistance. Thanks to such properties, stainless steels have been indispensable for the technological progress during the last century and their annual consumption increased faster than other materials. They find application in all these fields requiring good corrosion resistance together with ability to be worked into complex geometries. Despite to their diffusion as a consolidated materials, many research fields are active regarding the possibility to increase stainless steels mechanical properties and corrosion resistance by grain refinement or by alloying by interstitial elements. At the same time innovations are coming from the manufacturing process of such a family of materials, also including the possibility to manufacture them starting from metals powder for 3D printing. The Special Issue scope embraces interdisciplinary work covering physical metallurgy and processes, reporting about experimental and theoretical progress concerning microstructural evolution during processing, microstructure-properties relations, applications including automotive, energy and structural.
Download or read book Thermochemical Surface Engineering of Steels Improving Materials Performance written by Eric J. Mittemeijer and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermochemical surface engineering significantly improves the properties of steels. Edited by two of the world s leading authorities, this important book summarises the range of techniques and their applications. It covers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing. There are also chapters on low temperature techniques as well as boriding, sheradizing, aluminizing, chromizing, thermo-reactive deposition and diffusion. Reviews the fundamentals of surface treatments and current performance of improved materialsCovers nitriding, nitrocarburizing and carburizing of iron and iron carbon alloysExamines how different thermochemical surface engineering methods can help against corrosion"
Download or read book Stainless Steels written by Joseph R. Davis and published by ASM International. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ASM Specialty Handbook® Stainless Steels The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. Includes additional data and reference information carefully selected and adapted from other authoritative ASM sources.
Download or read book PRACTICAL HEAT TREATING written by JON L. DOSSETT and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Low temperature Gas phase Carburizing and Nitriding of 17 7 Ph Stainless Steel written by Danqi Wang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature carburization and low-temperature nitridation were successfully applied on 17-7 PH stainless steel and significantly improved the surface hardness. Via an isothermal martensite-to-austenite phase transformation, carbon- and nitrogen-supersaturated expanded austenite was achieved. Delta ferrite grains with astonishing amount (greater than 18 at.%) of carbon (nitrogen) were observed after carburization (nitridation). The interstitially-supersaturated ferrite shows a uniform contrast, i. e. no diffraction contrast from extended structural defects under transmission electron microscopy. Plates with uniform contrast were observed in ferrite grains near the interface between the carburized layer and bulk material after carburization. These plates are enriched in carbon but do not form any carbide. A model based on segregation of carbon interstitials to dislocation cores is proposed, the featureless appearance being ascribed to strain field overlap of a massive dislocation network. As the carbon-dislocation binding energy is higher than that of carbon to iron in cementite, carbon atoms are able to segregate to the dislocations cores. With an extremely high dislocation density (1013/cm2), ferrite can take up to several wt. pct. carbon without any phase transformation. Similar mechanism holds for featureless nitrogen-supersaturated ferrite. But after nitriding at high temperature (713 K), rocksalt-structured nitrides MN1-x (M being Fe, Cr, Ni and Al) were observed in a Bain orientation relationship with respect to ferrite matrix. Low nitriding temperatures (623 K and 653 K) prefer M2N1-x plate formation in ferrite. Continuing nitriding tends to dissolve M2N1-x, forming featureless grain with MN1-x. In spite of processing condition designed to eliminate long-range diffusion of substitutional solute atoms, decomposition of austenite into ferrite and nitride was observed to occur during low-temperature nitridation realized by enhanced diffusion along the austenite-ferrite interphase interface. NiAl formed in ferrite during both carburization and nitridation, but lost ordering afterwards in carbon- and nitrogen- supersaturated ferrite grains.
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Iron Steel and Their Alloys Online Version written by Rafael Colás and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 3918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
Download or read book Stainless Steels for Design Engineers written by Michael F. McGuire and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2008 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rate of growth of stainless steel has outpaced that of other metals and alloys, and by 2010 may surpass aluminum as the second most widely used metal after carbon steel. The 2007 world production of stainless steel was approximately 30,000,000 tons and has nearly doubled in the last ten years. This growth is occurring at the same time that the production of stainless steel continues to become more consolidated. One result of this is a more widespread need to understand stainless steel with fewer resources to provide that information. The concurrent technical evolution in stainless steel and increasing volatility of raw material prices has made it more important for the engineers and designers who use stainless steel to make sound technical judgments about which stainless steels to use and how to use them.
