Download or read book Low Angle Polarized Neutron and X Ray Scattering from Magnetic Nanolayers and Nanostructures written by Amitesh Paul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-12 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research monograph presents the latest results related to the characterization of low dimensional systems. Low-angle polarized neutron scattering and X-ray scattering at grazing incidence are used as the two main techniques to explore various physical phenomena of these systems. Special focus is put on systems like thin film transition metal and rare-earth layers, oxide heterostructures, hybrid systems, self-assembled nanostructures and self-diffusion. Readers will gain in-depth knowledge about the usage of specular scattering and off-specular scattering techniques. Investigation of in-plane and out-of-plane structures and magnetism with vector magnetometric information is illustrated comprehensively. The book caters to a wide audience working in the field of nano-dimensional magnetic systems and the neutron and X-ray reflectometry community in particular.
Download or read book Polarization Analyzed Small Angle Neutron Scattering of Ferrite Nanoparticles written by Kathryn Hasz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ferromagnetic nanoparticles offer a range of possible applications in nanotechnology, biomedical practices, and data storage, but important issues exist regarding their true magnetic structure. We have been investigating 9 nm diameter Fe3 O4 nanoparticles and 11 nm diameter CoFe2 O4 nanoparticles coated with an oleic acid shell. The nanoparticles were synthesized by solution chemistry methods and characterized by X-ray diffraction, SQUID, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Polarization Analyzed Small Angle Neutron Scattering (PASANS) was used under various temperatures and applied magnetic fields to investigate the magnetic structure of the particles. PASANS has revealed the iron oxide particles have a canted magnetic shell in high field that disappears in lower field, while the cobalt iron oxide particles are fully canted. We have developed an energy-based model to explain the origins of this canting and shell formation that agrees with the experimental results.
Download or read book Magnetic Neutron Scattering Proceedings Of The Third Summer School On Neutron Scattering written by Albert Furrer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-10-12 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings provide a topical survey of the static and dynamical magnetic properties of condensed matter studied by neutron scattering which has been the key technique in this field for a long time. The static aspects deal with the determination of long-range ordered spin structures and magnetization densities. The dynamic aspects concentrate on the determination of magnetic excitations such as spin waves and crystal-field transitions. The use of polarized-neutron techniques is particularly emphasized. All these topics are thoroughly introduced, methodically discussed, and highlighted with recent experimental results obtained for a vast variety of magnetic materials (e.g., strongly correlated electron systems, multilayers, nanocrystals, molecular complexes, etc.) by acknowledged experts. Other experimental methods (x-ray scattering, muon spin rotation) in the study of magnetism are compared to neutron scattering.
Download or read book Complementarity Between Neutron And Synchrotron X ray Scattering Proceedings Of The Sixth Summer School Of Neutron Scattering written by Albert Furrer and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1998-12-30 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding and manipulating the properties of materials naturally occurring in our world and artificially produced by modern technologies requires detailed information on their properties on the atomic scale. This information is the basis for any kind of research in physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, metallurgy, and ceramics. Among the various experimental methods, neutron and photon scattering have become the key techniques of choice.This book provides an overview of the complementarity between neutron and synchrotron x-ray scattering. The most important topics are covered, including structure determination, magnetic correlations, polymer dynamics, thin films and multilayers, photoemission studies, etc; they are thoroughly introduced and discussed by experts from both the experimental and the theoretical side.
Download or read book Skyrmions written by J. Ping Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book reviews all the aspects of recent developments in research on skyrmions, from the presentation of the observation and characterization techniques to the description of physical properties and expected applications. It will be of great use for all scientists working in this field." – Albert Fert, 2007 Nobel Laureate in Physics (from the Foreword) A skyrmion is a tiny region of reversed magnetization – quasiparticles since they are not present except in a magnetic state, and also give rise to physics that cannot be described by Maxwell’s equations. These particles are fascinating subjects for theoretical and experimental studies. Moreover, as a new type of magnetic domain structure with special topological structures, skyrmions feature outstanding magnetic and transport properties and may well have applications in data storage and other advanced spintronic devices, as readers will see in this book. Chapters address the relationships between physical properties of condensed matter, such as the AB effect, Berry phase effect, quantum Hall effect, and topological insulators. Overall, it provides a timely introduction to the fundamental aspects and possible applications of magnetic skyrmions to an interdisciplinary audience from condensed matter physics, chemistry, and materials science.
Download or read book Magnetic Small Angle Neutron Scattering written by Andreas Michels and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetic Small-Angle Neutron Scattering provides the first extensive treatment of magnetic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The theoretical background required to compute magnetic SANS cross sections and correlation functions related to long-wavelength magnetization structures is laidout. The concepts are scrutinized based on the discussion of experimental neutron data. Regarding prior background knowledge, some familiarity with the basic magnetic interactions and phenomena as well as scattering theory is desired.Besides exposing the different origins of magnetic SANS, and furnishing the basics of the magnetic SANS technique in early chapters, a large part of the book is devoted to a comprehensive treatment of the continuum theory of micromagnetics, as it is relevant for the study of the elastic magneticSANS cross section. Analytical expressions for the magnetization Fourier components allow to highlight the essential features of magnetic SANS and to analyze experimental data both in reciprocal, as well as in real space. Later chapters provide an overview on the magnetic SANS of nanoparticles andso-called complex systems (e.g., ferrofluids, magnetic steels, spin glasses and amorphous magnets). It is this subfield where major progress is expected to be made in the coming years, mainly via the increased usage of numerical micromagnetic simulations (Chapter 7), which is a very promisingapproach for the understanding of the magnetic SANS from systems exhibiting nanoscale spin inhomogeneity.
Download or read book Neutron Scattering Magnetic and Quantum Phenomena written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-29 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neutron Scattering - Magnetic and Quantum Phenomena provides detailed coverage of the application of neutron scattering in condensed matter research. The book's primary aim is to enable researchers in a particular area to identify the aspects of their work where neutron scattering techniques might contribute, conceive the important experiments to be done, assess what is required to carry them out, write a successful proposal for one of the major user facilities, and perform the experiments under the guidance of the appropriate instrument scientist. An earlier series edited by Kurt Sköld and David L. Price, and published in the 1980s by Academic Press as three volumes in the series Methods of Experimental Physics, was very successful and remained the standard reference in the field for several years. This present work has similar goals, taking into account the advances in experimental techniques over the past quarter-century, for example, neutron reflectivity and spin-echo spectroscopy, and techniques for probing the dynamics of complex materials of technological relevance. This volume complements Price and Fernandez-Alonso (Eds.), Neutron Scattering - Fundamentals published in November 2013. - Covers the application of neutron scattering techniques in the study of quantum and magnetic phenomena, including superconductivity, multiferroics, and nanomagnetism - Presents up-to-date reviews of recent results, aimed at enabling the reader to identify new opportunities and plan neutron scattering experiments in their own field - Provides a good balance between theory and experimental techniques - Provides a complement to Price and Fernandez-Alonso (Eds.), Neutron Scattering - Fundamentals published in November 2013
Download or read book A Small Angle Polarized Neutron Scattering Investigation of Magnetic Correlations in Nanocrystalline Fe89Zr7B3Cu1 written by Enrico Agosti and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technique of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is ideally suited for determining the length scale of magnetic correlations in nanocrystalline materials. The additional use of polarized neutrons also allows for a clear separation between magnetic and non-magnetic scattering. The temperature dependence of the SANS cross-section from a two-phase alloy, consisting of both amorphous and nano-crystalline parts, Fe89Zr7B3Cu1, has been measured in the temperature range from 293 to 500 K. The SANS measurements are accompanied by bulk magnetization and Mossbauer transmission data. In this range of temperatures, the magnetic contrast between the nanocrystalline and amorphous phases, which are both magnetic, changes dramatically. This phase contrast increases up to 380 K, which is the proposed decoupling temperature for the inter-granular exchange stiffness. Above this temperature, the contrast levels off slowly, being totally dominated by the decreasing magnetization of the nanocrystalline phase.
Download or read book X ray and Neutron Scattering Studies of Magnetic Domain Dynamics and Spin Structures written by San-Wen Chen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of magnetic spin structures at nanometer length scales and their dynamics is of both fundamental and technological importance. X-rays and neutrons are penetrating probes that are suitable for studying these in the bulk and the interfaces of the materials. In this thesis, the magnetic domain dynamics are studied by resonant soft x-ray scattering together with x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The domain fluctuations reveal when the temperature is close to the phase transition temperature. We find the domain wall dynamics in an antiferromagnet corresponds to a collective motion of spins and exhibit some universal features associated with the jamming behavior in many jammed soft condensed matter systems. We also discuss about the utilization of polarized neutron reflectometry to study the interfacial spin structure in an exchange biased bilayer. The magnetization profiles are obtained which show that some spins are not completely reversible when the magnetic field is reversed. These spins include pinned uncompensated spins in the antiferromagnet and the interfacial spins exchange coupled to those spins. A previously established model was found to reproduce the magnetization profile observed. Finally, we carried out a grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering experiment on an optical grating as a way to test the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA). DWBA is briefly reviewed and we used it to calculate the scattering intensity of the system.
Download or read book X ray and Neutron Scattering Studies of Artifically Grown Low Dimensional Nanostructures written by Sian Rhiannon Jones and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Complementarity Between Neutron and Synchrotron X ray Scattering written by Albert Furrer and published by World Scientific Publishing Company Incorporated. This book was released on 1998 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I. Theoretical principles of neutron and synchrotron X-ray scattering. Neutron- and synchrotron X-ray scattering (the theoretical principles) / W. E. Fischer -- II. Structure determination. Structure determination by powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction / A. N. Fitch -- Structure determination by powder neutron diffraction / E. Gray and E. Kisi -- Seminar on "structure" / K. Yvon -- III. Magnetism. Magnetic neutron and synchrotron X-ray scattering / W. G Stirling -- Magnetic excitations through the eye of the neutron / W. J. L. Buyers -- Topological excitations in low dimensional magnets / H. B. Braun -- Seminar on "magnetism" / G. H. Lander -- IV. Correlated electron systems. Elastic and inelastic X-ray scattering from correlated electrons: A theoretical perspective / M. Altarelli -- SANS measurements on vortices in superconductors. What can we learn? / V. B. Geshkenbein -- Seminar on "electronic structures" / J. Mesot -- V. Multilayers. From thin films to superlattices studied with X-rays and neutrons / D. E. McMorrow -- Seminar on "multilayers" / S. K. Sinha -- VI. Other topics in condensed matter research. From entropy driven motion to reptation - Large scale dynamics in polymer melts / D. Richter -- Small-angle and surface scattering from porous and fractal materials / S. K. Sinha -- Hot topics in condensed matter physics / H. R. Ott -- Seminar on "dynamics" / B. Dorner -- VII. Beam optics. Neutron beam optics / P. Boni -- Synchrotron X-ray beam optics / A. Freund -- VIII. Summary. Summary lecture: Some features of the scattering and absorption of beams of neutrons and beams of X-rays / S. W. Lovesey
Download or read book Compendium of Surface and Interface Analysis written by The Surface Science Society of Japan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concisely illustrates the techniques of major surface analysis and their applications to a few key examples. Surfaces play crucial roles in various interfacial processes, and their electronic/geometric structures rule the physical/chemical properties. In the last several decades, various techniques for surface analysis have been developed in conjunction with advances in optics, electronics, and quantum beams. This book provides a useful resource for a wide range of scientists and engineers from students to professionals in understanding the main points of each technique, such as principles, capabilities and requirements, at a glance. It is a contemporary encyclopedia for selecting the appropriate method depending on the reader's purpose.
Download or read book Handbook of Polymer Crystallization written by Ewa Piorkowska and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric crystals are more complex in nature than other materials' crystal structures due to significant structural disorder present. The only comprehensive reference on polymer crystallization, Handbook of Polymer Crystallization provides readers with a broad, in-depth guide on the subject, covering the numerous problems encountered during crystallization as well as solutions to resolve those problems to achieve the desired result. Edited by leading authorities in the field, topics explored include neat polymers, heterogeneous systems, polymer blends, polymer composites orientation induced crystallization, crystallization in nanocomposites, and crystallization in complex thermal processing conditions.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thin Film Analysis by X Ray Scattering written by Mario Birkholz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-05-12 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions by Paul F. Fewster and Christoph Genzel While X-ray diffraction investigation of powders and polycrystalline matter was at the forefront of materials science in the 1960s and 70s, high-tech applications at the beginning of the 21st century are driven by the materials science of thin films. Very much an interdisciplinary field, chemists, biochemists, materials scientists, physicists and engineers all have a common interest in thin films and their manifold uses and applications. Grain size, porosity, density, preferred orientation and other properties are important to know: whether thin films fulfill their intended function depends crucially on their structure and morphology once a chemical composition has been chosen. Although their backgrounds differ greatly, all the involved specialists a profound understanding of how structural properties may be determined in order to perform their respective tasks in search of new and modern materials, coatings and functions. The author undertakes this in-depth introduction to the field of thin film X-ray characterization in a clear and precise manner.
Download or read book Nanoscale Science and Technology written by Robert Kelsall and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-11-01 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology is a vital new area of research and development addressing the control, modification and fabrication of materials, structures and devices with nanometre precision and the synthesis of such structures into systems of micro- and macroscopic dimensions. Future applications of nanoscale science and technology include motors smaller than the diameter of a human hair and single-celled organisms programmed to fabricate materials with nanometer precision. Miniaturisation has revolutionised the semiconductor industry by making possible inexpensive integrated electronic circuits comprised of devices and wires with sub-micrometer dimensions. These integrated circuits are now ubiquitous, controlling everything from cars to toasters. The next level of miniaturisation, beyond sub-micrometer dimensions into nanoscale dimensions (invisible to the unaided human eye) is a booming area of research and development. This is a very hot area of research with large amounts of venture capital and government funding being invested worldwide, as such Nanoscale Science and Technology has a broad appeal based upon an interdisciplinary approach, covering aspects of physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and electronic engineering. Kelsall et al present a coherent approach to nanoscale sciences, which will be invaluable to graduate level students and researchers and practising engineers and product designers.
Download or read book Nanostructure Science and Technology written by Richard W. Siegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1999-09-30 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely information on scientific and engineering developments occurring in laboratories around the world provides critical input to maintaining the economic and technological strength of the United States. Moreover, sharing this information quickly with other countries can greatly enhance the productivity of scientists and engineers. These are some of the reasons why the National Science Foundation (NSF) has been involved in funding science and technology assessments comparing the United States and foreign countries since the early 1980s. A substantial number of these studies have been conducted by the World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) managed by Loyola College through a cooperative agreement with NSF. The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC), Committee on Technology's Interagency Working Group on NanoScience, Engineering and Technology (CT/IWGN) worked with WTEC to develop the scope of this Nanostucture Science and Technology report in an effort to develop a baseline of understanding for how to strategically make Federal nanoscale R&D investments in the coming years. The purpose of the NSTC/WTEC activity is to assess R&D efforts in other countries in specific areas of technology, to compare these efforts and their results to U. S. research in the same areas, and to identify opportunities for international collaboration in precompetitive research. Many U. S. organizations support substantial data gathering and analysis efforts focusing on nations such as Japan. But often the results of these studies are not widely available. At the same time, government and privately sponsored studies that are in the public domain tend to be "input" studies.
