Download or read book Long Term Changes in Voting Power and Control Structure Following the Unification of Dual Class Shares written by Beni Lauterbach and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Do Voting Rights Affect Institutional Investment Decisions Evidence from Dual Class Firms written by Kai Li and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine whether, and to what extent, shareholder voting rights affect institutional investment decisions. Our analysis compares institutional investment in dual-class firms, where multiple share classes carrying differential voting rights allow insiders to control the firm and leave outside investors with little or no control rights, to that in single-class firms, where each share carries one vote. We find that institutional ownership in dual-class firms is significantly lower than it is in single-class firms after controlling for other determinants of institutional investment. Although institutions of all types hold less of the shares of dual-class firms, this avoidance is more pronounced for long-term investors with strong fiduciary responsibilities than for short-term investors with weak fiduciary duties. Following the unification of dual-class shares into a single-class, institutional investors increase their shareholdings in the unifying firm. Overall, our results suggest that voting rights are an important determinant of institutional investment decisions.
Download or read book The Long Term Valuation Effects of Voluntary Dual Class Share Unifications written by Beni Lauterbach and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We study 121 voluntary dual class share unification in Europe during 1996-2009, and uncover a mixed tale of governance improvements and shareholder expropriation. Corporate governance improvement is attained by abolishing the wedge between ownership and voting rights and by significantly decreasing controlling shareholders' voting power. Shareholder expropriation occurs when some controlling shareholders exploit the unification hype to sell part or all of their holdings at inflated prices. On average, the corporate governance positive valuation effects prevail, and voluntary unifications are accompanied by a statistically and economically significant increase of Q.
Download or read book Founders without Limits written by Bobby Reddy and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive collation of the international history of, and evidence on, dual-class stock, and their relevance to UK policy.
Download or read book Unifications of Dual Class Shares in Germany First Empirical Evidence on Liquidity Effects of Share Class Unifications written by Olaf Ehrhardt and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the unification of non-voting preference shares into a one share-one vote structure using a sample of all German dual-class companies from 1987 until 2003. We test several hypotheses with regard to the reasons for the abolition of preference shares. First, as the separation of ownership and control is viewed as a means of keeping control over a firm, a detailed analysis of changes in the ownership structure of firms abolishing their preference shares is performed. Indeed, family firms losing the majority of control by unifying their share classes seem to restrain from this step by selling controlling blocks before the unification. Second, dualclass firms may comprise higher agency costs due to the violation of the one share-one vote rule and, thus, face higher costs of equity capital. We apply two methods for estimating changes in the cost of capital of unifying firms : (i) we perform an event study to examine the market reaction to the announcement of share class unifications and (ii) we investigate bid-ask spreads before and after the unification computed from intraday trading data to analyze liquidity effects on the cost of capital associated with the unification. In sum, the unification of dual-class preference shares into single-class voting shares seems to be strictly shareholder value increasing. Dual-class firms seem to be able to significantly reduce their cost of capital through unification, because of increases in firm value as well as a substantial reduction in bid-ask spreads.
Download or read book Corporate Finance 4e written by David Hillier and published by McGraw Hill. This book was released on 2019-12-18 with total page 891 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fourth edition of Corporate Finance takes an applied approach to cover all the latest research and topic areas important to students taking Finance courses. The new edition provides an international perspective on all areas of corporate finance and has been updated to include discussion on current trends such as the rise of populism and trade barriers on international finance, the advent of Financial Technology, and key regulatory changes impacting the sector. Understanding and Application •Clear, user-friendly style •Example boxes in every chapter provide hypothetical examples to illustrate theoretical concepts such as cash flow timing, dividend smoothing and differential growth. •Real World Insight boxes use real companies like Siemens, Avast and Adidas to show how they have applied corporate finance theories and concepts to their businesses and business decisions. •Chapter links in the margin provide quick cross-referencing to show students the connections between topics. Practice and Proficiency •Mini and Practical cases present scenarios and questions to practice applying what you have learnt. •Rigorous testing: between 30 and 40 Questions and Problems per chapter are categorised by topic and level of difficulty. •Numbered maths equations and key notation boxes listing the variables and acronyms that will be encountered in each chapter, designed to encourage mastery of Maths. •Exam Questions designed to take 45 minutes and test you on material learned in a more formal exam style. •Connect® resources include algorithmic questions designed to ensure equations and calculations are not learned by rote but by thorough understanding and practice New to This Edition •Updated discussions on peer-to-peer trading, cash flow forecasting methods, import/export partners and additional investment appraisal methods •Updated chapters on corporate governance to reflect global changes, efficient markets and mergers and acquisition to reflect new research, financial distress to reflect new data with discussion on trends and insolvencies and fully updated chapter on Leasing to reflect new IFRS standards •New section on Modified Internal Rate of Return and Margin of Safety in Investment Appraisal, Net Asset Value, Islamic Financing, and alternatives to CAPM to reflect research developments • NEW: This edition has now been updated with 8 new videos that covers a worked example from the text and each video has associated concept check questions. The videos are now available on Connect® and cover: • Chapter 1 & 2: Introduction to Finance and Corporate Governance • Chapter 5: Long-Term Financing • Chapter 6: Investment Appraisal • Chapter 9 & 10: Risk and Return • Chapter 15 and 16: Equity and Debt Valuation • Chapter 20: Advanced Capital Budgeting • Chapter 21: Dividends • Chapter 22: Options David Hillier is Associate Principal and Executive Dean of the University of Strathclyde Business School. A Professor of Finance, David was recognized as being in the top 3 per cent of the most prolific finance researchers in the world over the past 50 years (Heck and Cooley, 2009) and appears regularly in the media as a business commentator.
Download or read book Value Effects of a Dual class Share Structure and Statutory Limitations to Voting Rights Transferability written by Thaddäus Lenzin and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies stock market reactions to a Swiss court ruling on the sale of shares in a Swiss company from October 2016. The study includes a hand-collected sample of 155 firms listed in Switzerland. The ruling represents a natural experiment-type situation to investigate price effects on dual-class firms. The study avoids endogeneity concerns, which are common in the literature on equity capital structures. The study finds evidence of statistically significant positive price reactions for shares of firms that have two of Sika's corporate governance characteristics: (1) dual-class equity structure; and (2) one shareholder controlling 50% or more of voting rights. On average, firms with these characteristics produced a statistically significant positive open-close return on the court ruling announcement. I provide evidence that the impact of the court ruling operates independently of statutory clauses, such as voting cap and opting-out. I interpret that these results show an increased perception of protection for outside shareholder of dual-class firms. The findings are not as robust when I estimate results for sub-sample tests or in the context of a long-term regression model. I also test the announcement of the sale as a reverse event. I find evidence for shares of firms with a shareholder holding at least 50% of voting rights or more to react negatively to the sale, which is the expected opposite reaction to the court ruling, while the equity capital structure of firms did not affect the stock-price reaction.
Download or read book Comment Letters to NASDAQ and NYSE written by Bernard S. Sharfman and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I am responding to the Council of Institutional Investors' (“CII”) request that the NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) and New York Stock Exchange amend its listing standards to require companies seeking to go public with dual class shares (classes of common stock with unequal voting rights) to include in their certificates of incorporation a time-based sunset provision (a forced unification of shares into one share structure with equal voting rights after a certain period of time) that must go into effect no more than seven years after the initial public offering (IPO) unless the minority shareholders vote to extend up to an additional seven years. These letters (both letters have been combined into one document) argue that such a mandatory provision would be extremely unwise and harmful to our most important public companies and their shareholders, current as well as future. As a creation of private ordering, the absence of time-based sunset provisions in dual class share structures serves a significant value enhancing purpose. It prevents the risk that a pre-mature and therefore suboptimal unification of shares may occur. This risk has so far been ignored by those advocating for the implementation of a mandatory time-based sunset provision.
Download or read book E Commerce and Financial Services in Asia written by Gerhard Kling and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-10-18 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book looks at the drivers in the emergence, development and internal and global expansion of Asian e-commerce businesses. It tackles the problems inherent in the globalization strategy of a Japanese financial services firm operating in the e-commerce sector. The business world has been transformed by information technology and online companies, which benefitted during the Covid-19 pandemic, unlike the traditional retail sector of the economy. The well-known Amazon has seen the emergence of Asian alternatives, Alibaba from China and Coupang from South Korea, both of which have the transnational venture capital firm SoftBank of Japan as a large share owner. This book explores performance and potential in e-commerce and fin-tech, internationalisation strategies, governance problems associated with foreign corporations in South Korea and anti-monopoly drive aimed at China’s tech giants. Diverse topics are covered, including the results, impacts and implications of US stock exchange listings, liability of foreignness, dual-class structure and importance of corporate governance and social responsibility signalling and messaging. The chapters also cover local and global expansion — takeovers, mergers and acquisitions, such as Lazada for the South East Asian market and levels of satisfaction and loyalty. Finally, SoftBank is used as an example of individual and collective entrepreneurial learning in the case of SoftBank Academia. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Asia Pacific Business Review.
Download or read book Dual Class Stock Unifications and Shareholders Expropriation written by Marco Bigelli and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increasing number of firms with dual class shares are deciding to unify their shares around the world. In the most common type of stock unification a non-voting share can be converted into a voting share. In most countries either the price differential between the two classes of shares is low or a form of compensation for voting shareholders is provided. Italian stock unifications see the highest value of voting rights and no form of compensation for voting shareholders. I observe the 43 Italian stock unifications made in the 1974-2003 period and I develop a model that quantifies their wealth effects on the two classes of shares. Stock unifications can be a form of expropriation of minority voting shareholders, as confirmed by five case studies where majority shareholders hedge or even take advantage of such unifications by engaging in the following activities some months before the unification decision: buying relevant blocks of nv-shares, selling voting shares or approving stock option plans on nv-shares. At the stock unification announcement the price of a voting share in the five case studies dropped by a minimum of -4,26%, to a maximum of -10,41% confirming that dual class unifications can expropriate minority-voting shareholders to the benefit of the controlling shareholder and quot;luckyquot; minority nv-shareholders.
Download or read book Global Trends 2040 written by National Intelligence Council and published by Cosimo Reports. This book was released on 2021-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come." -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
Download or read book Main Street and Wall Street written by William Zebina Ripley and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hedge Fund Activism written by Alon Brav and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2010 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hedge Fund Activism begins with a brief outline of the research literature and describes datasets on hedge fund activism.
Download or read book The Neglected Role of Justification Under Uncertainty in Corporate Governance and Finance written by Claire A. Hill and published by Annals of Corporate Governance. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph does three new things.It demonstrates that the need to justify is pervasive and identifies a type of agency cost (justification costs) resulting from decisions motivated by justification. It considers the relationship between these sorts of agency costs and more traditional agency costs, and it introduces a role for uncertainty.
Download or read book The Handbook of Board Governance written by Richard Leblanc and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 1182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The revised new edition of the must-read guide for executives—provides comprehensive coverage of topics in corporate governance by leading subject-matter experts The Handbook of Board Governance is the marketing-leading text on public, nonprofit, and private board governance. Providing comprehensive, in-depth coverage, this unique text represents a collaboration of internationally-recognized academics and prominent organization directors, executives, managers, and advisors. Contributors include Ariel Fromer Babcock, Robert Eccles, Alice Korngold, Ellie Mulholland, Michael Useem, Elizabeth Valentine and John Zinkin. Practical, expert guidance enables readers to understand value creation and the strategic role of the board, risk governance and oversight, audit and compensation committee effectiveness, CEO succession planning, and other diverse board duties and responsibilities. Now in its second edition, the Handbook offers substantial updates and revisions reflecting contemporary trends, practices, and developments in board governance. New content includes discussions of pressing issues related to climate change, examination of information technology and cybersecurity challenges, and recent tax legislation that will impact executive compensation. Editor Dr. Richard Leblanc—an award-winning teacher, professor, lawyer, management consultant, and specialist on boards of directors—integrates practical experience and academic rigor to assist readers: Build and strengthen engaged and collaborative leadership in the boardroom Recognize the role and responsibilities of a well-functioning governing board Risk governance, assurance, and the duties of directors Keep pace with new trends in board governance and shareholder responsibility Measure performance and align performance measurement to executive pay Understand information technology governance, sustainability governance, and the different forms of governance Highly relevant to board and committee members regardless of sector or industry, The Handbook of Board Governance, 2nd Edition is an invaluable source of knowledge on all aspects of corporate and organization governance.
Download or read book Corporate Governance in Emerging Markets written by Sabri Boubaker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book fills the gap between theories and practices of corporate governance in emerging markets by providing the reader with an in-depth understanding of governance mechanisms, practices and cases in these markets. It is an invaluable resource not only for academic researchers and graduate students in law, economics, management and finance but also for people practicing governance such as lawmakers, policymakers and international organizations promoting best governance practices in emerging countries. Investors can benefit from this book to better understand of these markets and to make judicious investment decisions.
Download or read book ESG and Responsible Institutional Investing Around the World A Critical Review written by Pedro Matos and published by CFA Institute Research Foundation. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey examines the vibrant academic literature on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) investing. While there is no consensus on the exact list of ESG issues, responsible investors increasingly assess stocks in their portfolios based on nonfinancial data on environmental impact (e.g., carbon emissions), social impact (e.g., employee satisfaction), and governance attributes (e.g., board structure). The objective is to reduce exposure to investments that pose greater ESG risks or to influence companies to become more sustainable. One active area of research at present involves assessing portfolio risk exposure to climate change. This literature review focuses on institutional investors, which have grown in importance such that they have now become the largest holders of shares in public companies globally. Historically, institutional investors tended to concentrate their ESG efforts mostly on corporate governance (the “G” in ESG). These efforts included seeking to eliminate provisions that restrict shareholder rights and enhance managerial power, such as staggered boards, supermajority rules, golden parachutes, and poison pills. Highlights from this section: · There is no consensus on the exact list of ESG issues and their materiality. · The ESG issue that gets the most attention from institutional investors is climate change, in particular their portfolio companies’ exposure to carbon risk and “stranded assets.” · Investors should be positioning themselves for increased regulation, with the regulatory agenda being more ambitious in the European Union than in the United States. Readers might come away from this survey skeptical about the potential for ESG investing to affect positive change. I prefer to characterize the current state of the literature as having a “healthy dose of skepticism,” with much more remaining to be explored. Here, I hope the reader comes away with a call to action. For the industry practitioner, I believe that the investment industry should strive to achieve positive societal goals. CFA Institute provides an exemplary case in its Future of Finance series (www.cfainstitute.org/research/future-finance). For the academic community, I suggest we ramp up research aimed at tackling some of the open questions around the pressing societal goals of ESG investing. I am optimistic that practitioners and academics will identify meaningful ways to better harness the power of global financial markets for addressing the pressing ESG issues facing our society.
