Download or read book How Logic Works written by Hans Halvorson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to logic that teaches you not only how reasoning works, but why it works How Logic Works is an introductory logic textbook that is different by design. Rather than teaching elementary symbolic logic as an abstract or rote mathematical exercise divorced from ordinary thinking, Hans Halvorson presents it as the skill of clear and rigorous reasoning, which is essential in all fields and walks of life, from the sciences to the humanities—anywhere that making good arguments, and spotting bad ones, is critical to success. Instead of teaching how to apply algorithms using “truth trees,” as in the vast majority of logic textbooks, How Logic Works builds on and reinforces the innate human skills of making and evaluating arguments. It does this by introducing the methods of natural deduction, an approach that teaches students not only how to carry out a proof and solve a problem but also what the principles of valid reasoning are and how they can be applied to any subject. The book also allows students to transition smoothly to more advanced topics in logic by teaching them general techniques that apply to more complicated scenarios, such as how to formulate theories about specific subject matter. How Logic Works shows that formal logic—far from being only for mathematicians or a diversion from the really deep questions of philosophy and human life—is the best account we have of what it means to be rational. By teaching logic in a way that makes students aware of how they already use it, the book will help them to become even better thinkers. Offers a concise, readable, and user-friendly introduction to elementary symbolic logic that primarily uses natural deduction rather than algorithmic “truth trees” Draws on more than two decades’ experience teaching introductory logic to undergraduates Provides a stepping stone to more advanced topics

Download or read book Logic Works written by Lorne Falkenstein and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 666 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic Works is a critical and extensive introduction to logic. It asks questions about why systems of logic are as they are, how they relate to ordinary language and ordinary reasoning, and what alternatives there might be to classical logical doctrines. The book covers classical first-order logic and alternatives, including intuitionistic, free, and many-valued logic. It also considers how logical analysis can be applied to carefully represent the reasoning employed in academic and scientific work, better understand that reasoning, and identify its hidden premises. Aiming to be as much a reference work and handbook for further, independent study as a course text, it covers more material than is typically covered in an introductory course. It also covers this material at greater length and in more depth with the purpose of making it accessible to those with no prior training in logic or formal systems. Online support material includes a detailed student solutions manual with a running commentary on all starred exercises, and a set of editable slide presentations for course lectures. Key Features Introduces an unusually broad range of topics, allowing instructors to craft courses to meet a range of various objectives Adopts a critical attitude to certain classical doctrines, exposing students to alternative ways to answer philosophical questions about logic Carefully considers the ways natural language both resists and lends itself to formalization Makes objectual semantics for quantified logic easy, with an incremental, rule-governed approach assisted by numerous simple exercises Makes important metatheoretical results accessible to introductory students through a discursive presentation of those results and by using simple case studies

Download or read book How Logic Works written by Hans Halvorson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-09 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Logic instruction typically takes two forms. The first has the aim of teaching students to solve a certain sort of problem as efficiently as possible. This is the approach adopted by most logic textbooks and truth trees, the most popular method, gives students an algorithm for solving logic problems. The second has as its aim teaching students a certain style of thinking and, thus, concerns itself with how students solve problems. In How Logic Works, Hans Halvorson introduces students to the methods of natural deduction, a method which not only helps them solve problems, but helps them to understand the principles of valid reasoning for themselves. Halvorson uses formal logic to train students in the task of constructing paths between premises and conclusions. The student, then, will become an expert traveller in logical space, quickly recognizing the difference between a safe path (where truth is guaranteed to be preserved) and a hazardous path (where truth might be lost). This approach is premised on the fact that if a student learns natural deduction, she learns a skill that transfers to any domain where valid deductive reasoning is useful"--

Download or read book Why Civil Resistance Works written by Erica Chenoweth and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-09 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than a century, from 1900 to 2006, campaigns of nonviolent resistance were more than twice as effective as their violent counterparts in achieving their stated goals. By attracting impressive support from citizens, whose activism takes the form of protests, boycotts, civil disobedience, and other forms of nonviolent noncooperation, these efforts help separate regimes from their main sources of power and produce remarkable results, even in Iran, Burma, the Philippines, and the Palestinian Territories. Combining statistical analysis with case studies of specific countries and territories, Erica Chenoweth and Maria J. Stephan detail the factors enabling such campaigns to succeed and, sometimes, causing them to fail. They find that nonviolent resistance presents fewer obstacles to moral and physical involvement and commitment, and that higher levels of participation contribute to enhanced resilience, greater opportunities for tactical innovation and civic disruption (and therefore less incentive for a regime to maintain its status quo), and shifts in loyalty among opponents' erstwhile supporters, including members of the military establishment. Chenoweth and Stephan conclude that successful nonviolent resistance ushers in more durable and internally peaceful democracies, which are less likely to regress into civil war. Presenting a rich, evidentiary argument, they originally and systematically compare violent and nonviolent outcomes in different historical periods and geographical contexts, debunking the myth that violence occurs because of structural and environmental factors and that it is necessary to achieve certain political goals. Instead, the authors discover, violent insurgency is rarely justifiable on strategic grounds.

Download or read book LogicWorks 5 written by and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 2004 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LogicWorks is the schematic drawing and interactive digital simulation package that has set the standard for demonstrating logic design principles and practices while producing professional results. LogicWorks 5 helps the reader understand the concepts of using these tools in a variety of design situations in electrical and computer engineering and computer science. Features a subset of the industry-standard VHDL language and fully mixes high-level language and structural design methods. Displays any values in a simulation using the preformatted HTML. Simplifies the creation of component simulations. For anyone interested in learning more about digital design, electrical engineering and computer technology.

Download or read book Logic The Basics written by Jc Beall and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-04-20 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Logic: The Basics is an accessible introduction to several core areas of logic. The first part of the book features a self-contained introduction to the standard topics in classical logic, such as: · mathematical preliminaries · propositional logic · quantified logic (first monadic, then polyadic) · English and standard ‘symbolic translations’ · tableau procedures. Alongside comprehensive coverage of the standard topics, this thoroughly revised second edition also introduces several philosophically important nonclassical logics, free logics, and modal logics, and gives the reader an idea of how they can take their knowledge further. With its wealth of exercises (solutions available in the encyclopedic online supplement), Logic: The Basics is a useful textbook for courses ranging from the introductory level to the early graduate level, and also as a reference for students and researchers in philosophical logic.

Download or read book How Logic Works written by Hans Halvorson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-08-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A concise introduction to logic that teaches you not only how reasoning works, but why it works How Logic Works is an introductory logic textbook that is different by design. Rather than teaching elementary symbolic logic as an abstract or rote mathematical exercise divorced from ordinary thinking, Hans Halvorson presents it as the skill of clear and rigorous reasoning, which is essential in all fields and walks of life, from the sciences to the humanities—anywhere that making good arguments, and spotting bad ones, is critical to success. Instead of teaching how to apply algorithms using “truth trees,” as in the vast majority of logic textbooks, How Logic Works builds on and reinforces the innate human skills of making and evaluating arguments. It does this by introducing the methods of natural deduction, an approach that teaches students not only how to carry out a proof and solve a problem but also what the principles of valid reasoning are and how they can be applied to any subject. The book also allows students to transition smoothly to more advanced topics in logic by teaching them general techniques that apply to more complicated scenarios, such as how to formulate theories about specific subject matter. How Logic Works shows that formal logic—far from being only for mathematicians or a diversion from the really deep questions of philosophy and human life—is the best account we have of what it means to be rational. By teaching logic in a way that makes students aware of how they already use it, the book will help them to become even better thinkers. Offers a concise, readable, and user-friendly introduction to elementary symbolic logic that primarily uses natural deduction rather than algorithmic “truth trees” Draws on more than two decades’ experience teaching introductory logic to undergraduates Provides a stepping stone to more advanced topics

Download or read book Introduction to Logic written by Harry J Gensler and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-01-06 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to Logic is clear and concise, uses interesting examples (many philosophical in nature), and has easy-to-use proof methods. Its key features, retained in this Third Edition, include: simpler ways to test arguments, including an innovative proof method and the star test for syllogisms; a wide scope of materials, suiting it for introductory or intermediate courses; engaging examples, from philosophy and everyday life; useful for self-study and preparation for standardized tests, like the LSAT; a reasonable price (a third the cost of some competitors); and exercises that correspond to the free LogiCola instructional program. This Third Edition: improves explanations, especially on areas that students find difficult; has a fuller explanation of traditional Copi proofs and of truth trees; and updates the companion LogiCola software, which now is touch friendly (for use on Windows tablets and touch monitors), installs more easily on Windows and Macintosh, and adds exercises on Copi proofs and on truth trees. You can still install LogiCola for free (from http://www.harryhiker.com/lc or http://www.routledge.com/cw/gensler).

Download or read book Puzzles in Logic Languages and Computation written by Dragomir Radev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume of a unique collection that brings together the best English-language problems created for students competing in the Computational Linguistics Olympiad. These problems are representative of the diverse areas presented in the competition and designed with three principles in mind: · To challenge the student analytically, without requiring any explicit knowledge or experience in linguistics or computer science; · To expose the student to the different kinds of reasoning required when encountering a new phenomenon in a language, both as a theoretical topic and as an applied problem; · To foster the natural curiosity students have about the workings of their own language, as well as to introduce them to the beauty and structure of other languages; · To learn about the models and techniques used by computers to understand human language. Aside from being a fun intellectual challenge, the Olympiad mimics the skills used by researchers and scholars in the field of computational linguistics. In an increasingly global economy where businesses operate across borders and languages, having a strong pool of computational linguists is a competitive advantage, and an important component to both security and growth in the 21st century. This collection of problems is a wonderful general introduction to the field of linguistics through the analytic problem solving technique. "A fantastic collection of problems for anyone who is curious about how human language works! These books take serious scientific questions and present them in a fun, accessible way. Readers exercise their logical thinking capabilities while learning about a wide range of human languages, linguistic phenomena, and computational models. " - Kevin Knight, USC Information Sciences Institute

Download or read book Logic for Justice written by Isaac Wilhelm and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-09-21 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory textbook, Logic for Justice covers, in full detail, the language and semantics of both propositional logic and first-order logic. It motivates the study of those logical systems by drawing on social and political issues. Basically, Logic for Justice frames propositional logic and first-order logic as two theories of the distinction between good arguments and bad arguments. And the book explains why, for the purposes of social justice and political reform, we need theories of that distinction. In addition, Logic for Justice is extremely lucid, thorough, and clear. It explains, and motivates, many different features of the formalism of propositional logic and first-order logic, always connecting those features back to real-world issues. Key Features Connects the study of logic to real-world social and political issues, drawing in students who might not otherwise be attracted to the subject. Offers extremely clear and thorough presentations of technical material, allowing students to learn directly from the book without having to rely on instructor explanations. Carefully explains the value of arguing well throughout one’s life, with several discussions about how to argue and how arguments – when done with care – can be helpful personally. Includes examples that appear throughout the entire book, allowing students to see how the ideas presented in the book build on each other. Provides a large and diverse set of problems for each chapter. Teaches logic by connecting formal languages to natural languages with which students are already familiar, making it much easier for students to learn how logic works.

Download or read book The Road to Universal Logic written by Arnold Koslow and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2015-06-10 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second volume of a collection of papers offers new perspectives and challenges in the study of logic. It is presented in honor of the fiftieth birthday of Jean-Yves Béziau. The papers touch upon a wide range of topics including paraconsistent logic, quantum logic, geometry of oppositions, categorical logic, computational logic, fundamental logic notions (identity, rule, quantification) and history of logic (Leibniz, Peirce, Hilbert). The volume gathers personal recollections about Jean-Yves Béziau and an autobiography, followed by 25 papers written by internationally distinguished logicians, mathematicians, computer scientists, linguists and philosophers, including Irving Anellis, Dov Gabbay, Ivor Grattan-Guinness, Istvan Németi, Henri Prade. These essays will be of interest to all students and researchers interested in the nature and future of logic.

Download or read book Classification written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Philosophy That Works written by David M. Wolf MA and published by Philosophy That Works. This book was released on 2003-10 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are statements of fact true or only more or less useful? This question is of vital importance, because it cuts to the core of the nature of truth; it leads to decisive choices in modern philosophy. Beneath the concept ́truth ́ serious problems defy and resist philosophic analysis; revealing and resolving them is the early focus of PHILOSOPHY THAT WORKS. The way things are, people mix up what they mean by ́truth ́ and get bound up in fallacies that condemn human knowledge to seeminly pointless relativism. But an adequate understanding of ́truth ́ transforms philosophy and individual undertanding, improves thinking itself, and strengthens education, organizations, and society. Showing how so much progress is possible is the business end of this book, the payoff of its thoughtful investigations into truth and knowledge. PHILOSOPHY THAT WORKS is an intellectual adventure, an impassioned story about navigating philosophy from its backwaters down a great river of advancing civilization. The philosopher, disillusioned with academic philosophies, begins an investigation into the many meanings of truth. He makes a lasting discovery that changes what philosophy itself can achieve and what it can mean. He faces daunting tasks but reconfigures philosophy; confusion concerning truth resolves into clear understanding. Who should join the adventure'. Not only philosophers. This is a book for everyone who likes to think. It has power, narrative conviction, and a soulful center that resonates through its pages. (From the Introduction) "...Albert Einstein once mentioned that humanity cannot solve its vexing problems at the same level of thought that produced the crisis. A higher level of thinking will require a philosophic transformation. That ́s what Philosophy That Works is all about. Despite postmodern skepticism, a simplistic true and false outlook on reality remains the commonplace of a civilization; this is the level that has produced the crisis. This book describes a basic change in the dominant paradigm of the age. It shows that a colossal mistake underlies the commonsense outlook, an error that has prevented consensus about what is real and, therefore, what life can mean: it penetrates the problem to its heart..."

Download or read book Mind written by and published by . This book was released on 1908 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quarterly review of philosophy.

Download or read book Fuzzy Logic written by Marek J. Patyra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume contains ten papers on the subject of fuzzy technology. Fuzzy technology emerged as a combination of fuzzy sets theory, fuzzy logic and fuzzy-based reasoning. As a technology it gained a very practical meaning through thousands of applications in different theoretical as well as practical disciplines, covering mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, life science, social science, economy, computer science, and (foremost) electrical, electronic, mechanical, nuclear, chemical, textile, aeronautic, ocean, and many other engineering disciplines. The goal of this book is to create an interest in fuzzy technology among researchers, engineers, professionals and students involved in the research and development in the broad area of artificial intelligence. This book is also intended to bring the reader up-to-date in the area of implementations and applications of fuzzy technology, as well as to generate and stimulate new research ideas in this area. It may inspire and motivate the researcher in new directions, as well as creating a force for new efforts to make a fuzzy technology commonly known and used in science and engineering. This volume appears at a time of unprecedented research interest in the field of fuzzy technology. I intentionally wrote research due to the events that have occurred during the last couple of years. To be more specific, I should describe this interest geographically.

Download or read book A Definitive Guide to Logic Circuits and Advanced Circuits Mastering Digital Electronics written by and published by jideon francisco marques. This book was released on 2024-01-18 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction The Aims and Objectives of the Book My main aim in writing this book is to introduce you to the exciting and challenging field of digital electronics. I want to develop your desire and ability to understand how digital circuits work. After reading this book, you should be able to do some or all of the following: • You will understand what TTL and CMOS mean and appreciate their main differences. • You should know what the five main logic gates are and their respective symbols and Boolean expressions. • You should know the basics of Boolean algebra and use it to simplify logic expressions and circuits. • You should know what Karnaugh maps are and how to use them to simplify logic circuits and expressions. • You should know how to implement the 1st and 2nd canonical formats for Karnaugh maps. • You will know how the JK flip flop works and how it was born out of the SR latch. • You should be able to use the JK flip flop and the D-type latch to create a series of counters and different shift registers such as SIPO, SISO, PIPO, and PISO. • You should understand the difference between sequential and combinational logic. • You should be able to use a range of design techniques, that is, state diagrams, transition tables, etc. • You should be able to create a range of combinational logic circuits such as half and full adders, binary subtractors, multiplexers, etc. • You should understand how the 555-timer IC works and how to configure it in a range of different applications such as the monostable, the astable, and PWM. • You should be able to design a range of logic circuits. • You should be able to use the ECAD software TINA 12.

Download or read book The Works in Logic by Bosniac Authors in Arabic written by Amir Ljubović and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2008 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a historical and comparative study of logic in Arabic in Bosnia and Herzegovina, from the first texts, 16th century, to the end of the 19th century, using authentic, completely unknown and unpublished manuscripts