Download or read book Local and Global Controls on Carbon Isotope Chemostratigraphy written by Anne-Sofie Ahm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over million-year timescales, the geologic cycling of carbon controls long-term climate and the oxidation of Earth's surface. Inferences about the carbon cycle can be made from time series of carbon isotopic ratios measured from sedimentary rocks. The foundational assumption for carbon isotope chemostratigraphy is that carbon isotope values reflect dissolved inorganic carbon in a well-mixed ocean in equilibrium with the atmosphere. However, when applied to shallow-water platform environments, where most ancient carbonates preserved in the geological record formed, recent research has documented the importance of considering both local variability in surface water chemistry and diagenesis. These findings demonstrate that carbon isotope chemostratigraphy of platform carbonate rarely represent the average carbonate sink or directly records changes in the composition of global seawater. Understanding what causes local variability in shallow-water settings, and what this variability might reveal about global boundary conditions, are vital questions for the next generation of carbon isotope chemostratigraphers.

Download or read book Re evaluating the Late Devonian Mass Extinction written by Kelly N. Hillbun and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary goal of this dissertation is to increase understanding of the so-called Late Devonian mass extinction through the use of stable isotope geochemistry. Despite decades of research, the timing, cause(s), and extent of the events surrounding this devastating interval in Earth history remain poorly understood. One of the best places to study the Devonian period is the Lennard Shelf in the Canning Basin of Western Australia. This region contains extensive, well-preserved exposures of Middle and Upper Devonian (Givetian, Frasnian, and Famennian) carbonate reefal platforms and slopes that are ideal for geochemical analyses. A significant amount of information could be learned about the Late Devonian mass extinction in the Canning Basin if we had a detailed chronostratigraphic framework of platform to basin strata and a better understanding of the paleoenvironmental conditions during the Upper Devonian. This research aims to use stable isotope chemostratigraphy to help build a high resolution chronostratigraphy and examine any environmental changes leading up to and following the F-F boundary that may have contributed to Devonian extinction events in the Canning Basin. This dissertation is divided into two parts; the first concerns my research on the Late Devonian mass extinction while the second is ancillary and documents my astrobiology research rotation. Part 1 contains introductory and concluding remarks as well as three chapters written as scientific manuscripts that have been, or will soon be, submitted for journal publication. The first of these three chapters examines the local and global controls on carbon isotope chemostratigraphy in the Lennard Shelf system to validate the use of secular variations as a chronostratigraphic tool for regional and global correlations. The next chapter provides a detailed, expanded view of the F-F boundary and constrains the pattern of carbon isotope perturbations across said boundary at the intra-zonal scale. The third scientific chapter broadens focus from the F-F to the entirely of the Upper Devonian and presents the first carbon isotope composite curve from Western Australia that is used to test the global nature (timing and extent) of Late Devonian events and examine the relationship between carbon isotope fluctuations, faunal turnover, and changes in the paleoenvironment (sea level, climate, ocean chemistry, paleogeography). Results from Part 1 not only have implications for re-evaluating one of the "Big Five" mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic, but are also relevant to studies in astrobiology and have additional applications in the oil and gas industry. The final chapter of my dissertation, which is in Part 2, concerns interdisciplinary, astrobiology work done during summer quarter, 2014, that was devoted to analyzing the relationship between astronomy and geology circa 1770-1810. This chapter is included in my dissertation as partial fulfillment of my dual-title astrobiology degree.

Download or read book Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy written by Michael Montenari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-30 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy, Volume Five in the Advances in Sequence Stratigraphy series, covers research in stratigraphic disciplines, including the most recent developments in the geosciences. This fully commissioned review publication aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy with its inclusion of a variety of topics, including Carbon isotope stratigraphy - principles and applications, Interpreting Phanerozoic d13C patterns as periodic glacio-eustatic sequences, Stable carbon isotopes in archaeological plant remains, Review of the Upper Ediacaran-Lower Cambrian Detrital Series in Central and North Iberia: NE Africa as possible Source Area, Calibrating d13C and d18O chemostratigraphic correlations across Cambrian strata of SW, and much more. - Contains contributions from leading authorities in the field - Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field - Aims to foster and convey progress in stratigraphy, including geochronology, magnetostratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, event-stratigraphy, and more

Download or read book Carbon Isotope Chemostratigraphy and Ocean Chemistry Analysis Within the Helderberg Group written by Matthew John Williams and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sr Isotopes in Seawater written by B. Lynn Ingram and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-31 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of Sr isotopic composition of thousands of samples of marine sediments and fossils have yielded a curve of 87Sr/86Sr versus age for seawater Sr that extends back to 1 billion years. The ratio has fluctuated with large amplitude during this time period, and because the ratio is always uniform in the oceans globally at any one time, it is useful as a stratigraphic correlation and age-dating tool. The ratio also appears to reflect major tectonic and climatic events in Earth history and hence provides clues as to the causes, timing, and consequences of those events. The seawater 87Sr/86Sr ratio is generally high during periods marked by continent-continent collisions, and lower when continental topography is subdued, and seafloor generation rates are high. There is evidence that major shifts in the seawater ratio can be ascribed to specific orogenic events and correlate with large shifts in global climate.

Download or read book Carbon Isotopes in Oil gas Geology written by Ėrik Mikhaĭlovich Galimov and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Isotope Techniques written by David C. Coleman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon Isotope Techniques deals with the use of carbon isotopes in studies of plant, soil, and aquatic biology. Topics covered include photosynthesis/translocation studies in terrestrial ecosystems; carbon relationships of plant-microbial symbioses; microbe/plant/soil interactions; and environmental and aquatic toxicology. Stable carbon isotope ratios of natural materials are also considered. Comprised of 15 chapters, this book begins with an introduction to radiation-counting instruments used in measuring the radioactivity in soil and plant samples containing carbon-14. The discussion then turns to the basic methods of 14C use in plant science, highlighted by three examples of applications in the field of plant physiology and ecology. Subsequent chapters explore the use of carbon isotope techniques for analyzing the carbon relationships of plant-microbial symbioses; the interactions of microbes, plants, and soils; and the degradation of herbicides and organic xenobiotics. Carbon dating and bomb carbon are also described. The final section is devoted to the uses and procedures for 13C and 11C. This monograph is intended for advanced undergraduate or graduate students, as well as generalist scientists who have not previously used radioisotopes or stable isotopes in their research.

Download or read book The Anthropocene as a Geological Time Unit written by Jan Zalasiewicz and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews the evidence underpinning the Anthropocene as a geological epoch written by the Anthropocene Working Group investigating it. The book discusses ongoing changes to the Earth system within the context of deep geological time, allowing a comparison between the global transition taking place today with major transitions in Earth history.

Download or read book CO2 in Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes written by R.E. Zeebe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation.Presenting the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others.The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.

Download or read book Neoproterozoic Cambrian Tectonics Global Change and Evolution written by Claudio Gaucher and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-10-20 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book deals with the record of important Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic events in southwestern Gondwana, that heralded the Cambrian explosion and the dawn of modern ecosystems. It contains a detailed account of the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian geological record in a poorly-known part of the world, which is at the same time key to understand fundamental processes at the Proterozoic-Cambrian transition. The emphasis is placed on litho-, bio-, chemostratigraphy and magmatism. The palaeoclimatic, tectonic, evolutionary radiation and extinction events and associated mineralizations will be identified and discussed. A synthesis of all data is provided at the end of the book, integrating the data from all cratons and fold belts in southwestern Gondwana. The events will be individualized, their impact discussed and correlations between different successions both within and outside Gondwana proposed.The book is organized in three sections. Section one is an introduction to the neoproterozoic and Cambrian seen as a time of upheavals, extremes and innovations. Section two comprises nineteen chapters dealing with the neoproterozoic-Cambrian events in southwestern Gondwana. Section three will provide a synthesis on every major topic, and a critical assessment of the global implications of the presented data. - The book deals with the record of important Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic events in southwestern Gondwana, that heralded the Cambrian explosion and the dawn of modern ecosystems - It contains a detailed account of the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian geological record in a poorly-known part of the world, which is at the same time key to understand fundamental processes at the Proterozoic-Cambrian transition - The emphasis is placed on litho-, bio-, chemostratigraphy and magmatism

Download or read book Carbon Cycle and Ecosystem Response to the Jenkyns Event in the Early Toarcian Jurassic written by M. Reolid and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event, also known as the Jenkyns Event, was a hyperthermal episode which occurred during the early Toarcian (c. 183 Ma; Early Jurassic) and resulted in numerous collateral effects including global warming, enhanced weathering, sea-level change, carbonate crisis, marine anoxia–dysoxia, and a second-order mass extinction. This volume presents the last advances for understanding early Toarcian environmental changes through different disciplines: biostratigraphy, micropalaeontology, palaeontology, ichnology, palaeoecology, sedimentology, integrated stratigraphy, inorganic, organic and isotopic geochemistry, and cyclostratigraphy. The study of this abrupt climate change is critical for predicting future global changes, and for understanding the complex biogeochemical interactions through time between geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.

Download or read book Large Igneous Provinces written by Richard E. Ernst and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are intraplate magmatic events, involving volumes of mainly mafic magma upwards of 100,000 km3, and often above 1 million km3. They are linked to continental break-up, global environmental catastrophes, regional uplift and a variety of ore deposit types. In this up-to-date, fascinating book, leading expert Richard E. Ernst explores all aspects of LIPs, beginning by introducing their definition and essential characteristics. Topics covered include continental and oceanic LIPs; their origins, structures, and geochemistry; geological and environmental effects; association with silicic, carbonatite and kimberlite magmatism; and analogues of LIPs in the Archean, and on other planets. The book concludes with an assessment of LIPs' influence on natural resources such as mineral deposits, petroleum and aquifers. This is a one-stop resource for researchers and graduate students in a wide range of disciplines, including tectonics, igneous petrology, geochemistry, geophysics, Earth history, and planetary geology, and for mining industry professionals.

Download or read book Marine Geochemistry written by Horst D. Schulz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A summary of the latest research in this field. The topics comprise the sedimentological examination and physical properties of the sedimentary solid phase, pore water and pore water constituents, organic matter as the driving force of most microbiological processes, biotic and abiotic redox reactions, carbonates and stable isotopes as proxies for paleoclimate reconstruction, metal enrichments in ferromanganese nodules and crusts as well as in hot vents and cold seeps on the seafloor. The current model conceptions lead to the development of different types of computer models, allowing the global mass exchanges between oceans and sediments to be balanced.

Download or read book Final Report for Award DE FG02 03ER63640 written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The carbon isotope ratios of carbon dioxide fluxes from terrestrial ecosystems are key measurements needed to constrain interpretations of carbon sinks in North American carbon cycle analyses. The completed research was a multi-faceted effort addressing photosynthetic and respiratory isotope exchanges across the biosphere-atmosphere boundary at five AmeriFlux sites (Harvard Forest, Howland Forest, Rannalls Ranch, Niwot Ridge Forest, and Wind River Crane Site), spanning the dominant ecosystem types of the United States. The sampling and analysis protocols developed in this project have become the fundamental analytical approach for all sites measuring ecosystem isotope studies across the United States and Canada. It is the first network of long-term observations to characterize the isotopic composition of the biosphere-atmosphere CO2 flux. We focused on understanding the magnitude of changes in the carbon isotope ratio of respiration and of photosynthetic discrimination on seasonal and interannual bases. Focusing at AmeriFlux sites provided a direct link to NEE measurements associated with studies of the North American carbon cycle and an opportunity to provide mechanistic insights relating observed isotope changes and the controls over carbon sequestration and loss on seasonal and interannual bases. An additional component of our research linked directly with eddy covariance monitoring to partition NEE into assimilation and respiratory components. The completed project promoted cross-site analyses and resulting publications applicable at AmeriFlux and other long-term carbon cycle research sites. Lastly, the online monitoring of carbon dioxide in the Salt Lake Valley and the intermittent monitoring of absolute carbon dioxide concentrations at different AmeriFlux sites contributed public awareness and data sets that can be used in public education and as a basis for public policies related to carbon dioxide.

Download or read book Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries written by Alcides N. Sial and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-12-18 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2020 PROSE Award for Earth Science! Exploring environmental changes through Earth’s geological history using chemostratigraphy Chemostratigraphy is the study of the chemical characteristics of different rock layers. Decoding this geochemical record across chronostratigraphic boundaries can provide insights into geological history, past climates, and sedimentary processes. Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries presents state-of-the-art applications of chemostratigraphic methods and demonstrates how chemical signatures can decipher past environmental conditions. Volume highlights include: Presents a global perspective on chronostratigraphic boundaries Describes how different proxies can reveal distinct elemental and isotopic events in the geologic past Examines the Archaean-Paleoproterozoic, Proterozoic-Paleozoic, Paleozoic-Mesozoic, and Mesozoic-Paleogene boundaries Explores cause-and-effect through major, trace, PGE, and REE elemental, stable, and radiogenic isotopes Offers solutions to persistent chemostratigraphic problems on a micro-global scale Geared toward academic and researchgeoscientists, particularly in the fields of sedimentary petrology, stratigraphy, isotope geology, geochemistry, petroleum geology, atmospheric science, oceanography, climate change and environmental science, Chemostratigraphy Across Major Chronological Boundaries offers invaluable insights into environmental evolution and climatic change. Read the Editors' Vox: https://eos.org/editors-vox/unravelling-the-past-using-elements-and-isotopes

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Scientific Dating Methods written by W. Jack Rink and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-15 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an overview of (1) the physical and chemical foundations of dating methods and (2) the applications of dating methods in the geological sciences, biology, and archaeology, in almost 200 articles from over 200 international authors. It will serve as the most comprehensive treatise on widely accepted dating methods in the earth sciences and related fields. No other volume has a similar scope, in terms of methods and applications and particularly time range. Dating methods are used to determine the timing and rate of various processes, such as sedimentation (terrestrial and marine), tectonics, volcanism, geomorphological change, cooling rates, crystallization, fluid flow, glaciation, climate change and evolution. The volume includes applications in terrestrial and extraterrestrial settings, the burgeoning field of molecular-clock dating and topics in the intersection of earth sciences with forensics. The content covers a broad range of techniques and applications. All major accepted dating techniques are included, as well as all major datable materials.

Download or read book A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System Part 1 written by D.A.T. Harper and published by Geological Society of London Special Publications. This book was released on 2023-06-07 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ordovician was one of the longest of the geological periods, characterized by major magmatic and tectonic activity, an immense biodiversification, swings in climate and sea levels and the first Phanerozoic mass extinction. ‘A Global Synthesis of the Ordovician System’ is presented in two volumes in The Geological Society, Special Publications. This first volume (SP532) charts the history of the Ordovician System and explores significant advances in our understanding of its biostratigraphy, including more precise calibration of its timescale with tephra chronology and regional alignments using astrochronology and cyclostratigraphy. Changes in the world’s oceans, their shifting currents and sea levels, the biogeography of their biotas and the ambient climate are described and discussed against a background of changing palaeogeography. This first volume also includes syntheses of the Ordovician geology for most European countries, including historical key areas, such as Great Britain, Baltoscandia and Bohemia. The second volume (SP533) provides synthetic aspects of the Ordovician geology of most other parts of the world.