Download or read book Lithuania written by Alexandra Ashbourne and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 1999 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1990, the tiny Soviet Republic of Lithuania declared independence and began restoring the mechanisms of independent government and democracy that had been suppressed by its Soviet invaders for half a century. Lithuania examines the first years of this rebirth in the face of the legacy of the Soviet occupation. In addition to chronicling the lively chain of events leading to and stemming from the declaration of independence, Alexandra Ashbourne studies the essential components of rebirth: the creation of domestic, foreign, and security policies and the revitalization of an independent economy. Drawing from the personal testimony of Lithuanians closely connected to these events, Ashbourne appraises Lithuania's attempts to rejoin the international community and acquire an effective security guarantee. She concludes that the damage caused by fifty years of Soviet domination created obstacles to the process of rebirth, obstacles that are proving difficult and even impossible to overcome. Readers of Lithuania will find its discussions applicable to most former Soviet republics and Eastern Bloc states. The book will be invaluable to students and scholars of Lithuania, Soviet history, and international political policy.
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Lithuania written by Saulius A. Suziedelis and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2011-02-07 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Lithuania will serve as a useful introduction to virtually all aspects of Lithuania's historical experience, including the country's relations with its neighbors. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, an extensive bibliography, and over 300 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, places, and events; institutions and organizations; and political, economic, social, cultural, and religious facets.
Download or read book Lithuania 700 Years written by Albertas Gerutis and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Lithuania 700 Years" explores the nation's history from its undecided origins to its struggle for independence. The Lithuanians have been linked to various ancient peoples including the Romans, Greeks, Alans, Herulli, Thracians, Goths, and others. Numerous ethnogenetic theories have evolved, with some of the oldest theories based on comparisons of languages and religious customs, while others dealt with the subject in an more academic manner. The Liths, or Lithuanians, united in the 12th century under the rule of Mindaugas, who became king in 1251. Through marriage, one of the later Lithuanian rulers became the king of Poland (Ladislaus II) in 1386, uniting the countries. In 1410, the Poles and Lithuanians defeated the powerful Teutonic Knights at Tannenberg. From the 14th to the 16th century, Poland and Lithuania made up one of medieval Europe's largest empires, stretching from the Black Sea almost to Moscow. The two countries formed a confederation for almost 200 years, and in 1569 they formally united. Russia, Prussia, and Austria partitioned Poland in 1772, 1792, and 1795. As a consequence, Lithuania came under Russian rule after the last partition. Russia attempted to immerse Lithuania in Russian culture and language, but anti-Russian sentiment continued to grow. Following World War I and the collapse of Russia, Lithuania declared independence (1918), under German protection. The republic was then annexed by the Soviet Union in 1940. From June 1941 to 1944, it was occupied by German troops, with whom Lithuania served in World War II. Some 240,000 Jews were massacred in Lithuania during the Nazi years. In 1944, the Soviets again annexed Lithuania.
Download or read book Undigested Past written by Robert van Voren and published by Rodopi. This book was released on 2011 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- Acknowledgements -- Lithuanian Historical Background -- Origins of Anti-Semitism -- Jewish Life in Lithuania between World Wars -- The Holocaust in Lithuania -- Issues of Compliance and Collaboration -- The Human Dimension -- Why Did it Happen? -- From Black and White to Shades of Grey -- Conclusion -- Bibliography -- Index of Names -- About the Author.
Download or read book Concise Encyclopaedia of World History written by Carlos Ramirez-Faria and published by Atlantic Publishers & Dist. This book was released on 2007 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Concise Encyclopedia Of World History Offers The Global Reading Public, Students, And Professors A Handy, Complete, And Accurate Guide To All Political Formations Since The Beginning Of History. It Reaches Into Pre-History Through The Inclusion Of The Important Families Of Languages Spoken Today. It Also Tracks Ethnic Groups, Especially Nomadic, Which Have Been Influential In The Creation Of Civilizations And States. The Entries On Existing Independent States Include Up-To-Date Political Facts And Statistics. They Mention Each Country S World Heritage Sites. To Complement The Individual Entries In This Encyclopedia, There Is An Extensive, Commentated World-Historical Chronology. A Special Feature In This Work Is The Inclusion Of Individual Political Chronologies For Ancient Civilizations And Important Countries And Regions The World Over. To Round Out This Easy-To-Consult And Thoroughly Researched Work, There Is A Cross-Referenced Index Especially Designed For Provinces, Cities, And Other Entities Which Have No Entries Of Their Own But Appear In The Entries, Sometimes Prominently, As, For Example, Abu Dhabi In The United Arab Emirates Or Amritsar In India.
Download or read book A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing written by D.R. Woolf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1998. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book The Baltic States And The Great Powers written by David Crowe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first complete account of the diplomatic relations and military steps leading to Estonia's, Latvia's, and Lithuania's forcible absorption into the USSR in 1940. David Crowe—making use of recently opened archival sources—traces the Baltic states' relations with the Soviet Union, Germany, Poland, Great Britian, France and with one another from 1917-1940. He starts with an overview of 1917-1936 and then offers a detailed description of the diplomatic maneuvering that marked Europe's collective slide toward war. Crowe covers the Sudeten and Memel crises involving German communities in 1938, the German-Soviet Pact in August 1939, the mutual assistance pacts between the Baltic States and the USSR, the Baltic German migration, Soviet use of Estonia's military installations during their assault on Finland, and the subsequent Soviet occupation of the Baltic states. The story ends with the election of new, Soviet-sponsored legislatures that sought admission into the USSR as Soviet republics in 1940—a step that most Western countries never recognized, and one that the Baltic states finally reversed when they regained their independence fifty-one years later in August 1991.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Ukraine written by Danylo Husar Struk and published by University of Toronto Press. This book was released on 1993-12-15 with total page 2380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over thirty years in the making, the most comprehensive work in English on Ukraine is now complete: its history, people, geography, economy, and cultural heritage, both in Ukraine and in the diaspora.
Download or read book A History of Russia Volume 1 written by Walter G. Moss and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition retains the features of the first edition that made it a popular choice in universities and colleges throughout the US, Canada and around the world. Moss's accessible history includes full treatment of everyday life, the role of women, rural life, law, religion, literature and art. In addition, it provides many other features that have proven successful, including: a well-organized and clearly written text, references to varying historical perspectives, numerous illustrations and maps, fully updated bibliographies accompanying each chapter as well as a general bibliography, a glossary, and chronological and genealogical lists.
Download or read book Northern Europe written by Trudy Ring and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 1056 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1996. Volume 2 of the International Dictionary of Historical Places covers Northern Europe (British Isles to Russia), out of a set of five. The dictionary spans from Aachen to Ypres and includes an index by country. This five-volume set presents some 1,000 comprehensive and fully illustrated histories of the most famous sites in the world. Entries include location, description, and site details, and a 3,000- to 4,000-word essay that provides a full history of the site and its condition today. An annotated further reading list of books and articles about the site completes each entry.
Download or read book World War II 5 volumes written by Spencer C. Tucker and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2016-09-06 with total page 2730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With more than 1,700 cross-referenced entries covering every aspect of World War II, the events and developments of the era, and myriad related subjects as well as a documents volume, this is the most comprehensive reference work available on the war. This encyclopedia represents a single source of authoritative information on World War II that provides accessible coverage of the causes, course, and consequences of the war. Its introductory overview essays and cross-referenced A–Z entries explain how various sources of friction culminated in a second worldwide conflict, document the events of the war and why individual battles were won and lost, and identify numerous ways the war has permanently changed the world. The coverage addresses the individuals, campaigns, battles, key weapons systems, strategic decisions, and technological developments of the conflict, as well as the diplomatic, economic, and cultural aspects of World War II. The five-volume set provides comprehensive information that gives readers insight into the reasons for the war's direction and outcome. Readers will understand the motivations behind Japan's decision to attack the United States, appreciate how the concentration of German military resources on the Eastern Front affected the war's outcome, understand the major strategic decisions of the war and the factors behind them, grasp how the Second Sino-Japanese War contributed to the start of World War II, and see the direct impact of new military technology on the outcomes of the battles during the conflict. The lengthy documents volume represents a valuable repository of additional information for student research.
Download or read book A History Of Russia Volume 2 written by Walter G. Moss and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2004-10-01 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moss has significantly revised his text and bibliography in this second edition to reflect new research findings and controversies on numerous subjects. He has also brought the history up to date by revising the post-Soviet material, which now covers events from the end of 1991 up to the present day. This new edition retains the features of the successful first edition that have made it a popular choice in universities and colleges throughout the US, Canada and around the world.
Download or read book Eastern Europe Bibliography written by and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A selective work that documents the formative impact of the region's earlier history. Includes reference aids and bibliographies, general and descriptive histories of the land, peoples, and economies, and works depicting intellectual and cultural life.
Download or read book Congressional Record written by United States. Congress and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 1276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Congressional Record is the official record of the proceedings and debates of the United States Congress. It is published daily when Congress is in session. The Congressional Record began publication in 1873. Debates for sessions prior to 1873 are recorded in The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States (1789-1824), the Register of Debates in Congress (1824-1837), and the Congressional Globe (1833-1873)
Download or read book Ordinary People in Extraordinary Times written by Nancy G. Bermeo and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-16 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For generations, influential thinkers--often citing the tragic polarization that took place during Germany's Great Depression--have suspected that people's loyalty to democratic institutions erodes under pressure and that citizens gravitate toward antidemocratic extremes in times of political and economic crisis. But do people really defect from democracy when times get tough? Do ordinary people play a leading role in the collapse of popular government? Based on extensive research, this book overturns the common wisdom. It shows that the German experience was exceptional, that people's affinity for particular political positions are surprisingly stable, and that what is often labeled polarization is the result not of vote switching but of such factors as expansion of the franchise, elite defections, and the mobilization of new voters. Democratic collapses are caused less by changes in popular preferences than by the actions of political elites who polarize themselves and mistake the actions of a few for the preferences of the many. These conclusions are drawn from the study of twenty cases, including every democracy that collapsed in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution in interwar Europe, every South American democracy that fell to the Right after the Cuban Revolution, and three democracies that avoided breakdown despite serious economic and political challenges. Unique in its historical and regional scope, this book offers unsettling but important lessons about civil society and regime change--and about the paths to democratic consolidation today.
Download or read book The Baltic States written by Thomas Lane and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-05 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the end of the Cold War there has been an increased interest in the Baltics. The Baltic States brings together three titles, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania, to provide a comprehensive and analytical guide integrating history, political science, economic development and contemporary events into one account. Since gaining their independence, each country has developed at its own pace with its own agenda and facing its own obstacles. The authors examine the tensions accompanying a post-communist return to Europe after the long years of separation and how each country has responded to the demands of becoming a modern European state. Estonia was the first of the former Soviet republics to enter membership negotiations with the European Union in 1988 and is a potential candidate for the next round of EU expansion in 2004. Lithuania and Latvia have also expressed their desire for future membership of NATO and the EU.
Download or read book Architecture and Armed Conflict written by JoAnne Mancini and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-07-11 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Architecture and Armed Conflict is the first multi-authored scholarly book to address this theme from a comparative, interdisciplinary perspective. By bringing together specialists from a range of relevant fields, and with knowledge of case studies across time and space, it provides the first synthetic body of research on the complex, multifaceted subject of architectural destruction in the context of conflict. The book addresses several specific research questions: How has the destruction of buildings and landscapes figured in recent historical conflicts, and how have people and states responded to it? How has the destruction of architecture been represented in different historical periods, and to what ends? What are the relationships between the destruction of architecture and the destruction of art, particularly iconoclasm? If architectural destruction is a salient feature of many armed conflicts, how does it feature in post-conflict environments? What are the relationships between architectural destruction and processes of restoration, recreation or replacement? Considering multiple conflicts, multiple time periods, and multiple locations allows this international cohort of authors to provide an essential primer for this crucial topic.
