Download or read book Lipid Metabolism and the Broiler Chicken written by Brian A. Head and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In broiler chickens, hepatic lipid metabolism plays a significant role in whole body and muscle fatty acid (FA) incorporation. Flax seed is a rich source of [alpha]-linolenic acid and can be used to increase n-3 FA in poultry meat. Previous studies have shown that flax seed in combination with carbohydrase enzymes in broiler diets enhances long chain (LC) n-3 FA in hepatic tissue. Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of flax seed and carbohydrase enzyme addition on production performance, total tract lipid digestibility, hepatic fatty acid composition, liver lipid class distribution and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. In Experiment 1, broiler chicks were placed in individual cages and fed isocaloric, isonitrogenous corn-soy diets: Control, Flax (10% flax), and Flax+E (Flax+0.05% enzyme). The diets were fed for a period of 42 days. Total tract digestibility of lipids and FA were assessed from day 19 to 21 of growth. There was no effect of diet on production performance characteristics, including final body weight (BW) or yield of cut-up parts. Flax-based diets reduced total tract lipid digestibility (p
Download or read book Fat Metabolism and Deposition in Poultry Physiology Genetics Nutrition and Interdisciplinary Research Volume I written by Jie Wen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-06-27 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Possible Involvement of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism in the Incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome in Broiler Chickens written by Seksom Attamangkune and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seven experiments were carried out to investigate the involvement of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism on the incidence of Sudden Death Syndrome (SDS) in broiler chickens. Hepatic arachidonate level decreased after 1 h postmortem. The decreased level of hepatic arachidonate previously observed in SDS birds was, therefore, associated with the post-mortem aging. Broiler chickens fed diets high in glucose monohydrate (cerelose) were more susceptible to SDS mortality than broilers fed diets high in corn starch or corn-soy. Feeding broilers a high cerelose diet increased the levels of plasma calcium, total protein, triacylglycerol, and uric acid compared to broilers fed corn starch diet. Broilers fed cerelose diet also showed the higher incidence of leg abnormality than broilers fed corn starch or corn-soy diets. Daily intraperitoneal injection with 0.25 ml of L(+) lactic acid solution (100 mg lactic acid/ml) to broilers over a 7-d period failed to reproduce the SDS incidence, whereas intravenous injection of 40% lactic acid solution (200 mg lactic acid/kg body weight) resulted in 100% incidence of SDS-type mortality. No SDS-type mortality was observed with the intravenous injection of 40% sodium lactate solution (200 mg sodium lactate/kg body weight). Disturbance of physiological acid-base balance might be a factor in the SDS-type mortality. Suboptimal thiamin level in broilers fed cerelose diets was observed. Thiamin supplementation to cerelose diet improved the thiamin status of the broilers. Mortality due to SDS was decreased when thiamin hydrochloride was supplemented to cerelose diet at the level of 0.6 and 2.8 mg thiamin hydrochloride/kg diet, respectively. Thiamin supplementation, however, did not change the liver pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and the proportion of pyruvate dehydrogenase in the active form. Disturbance of acid-base balance was postulated to be associated with the incidence of SDS. Other genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors are likely to modify the incidence by affecting the acid-base status of the chicken.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Lipidomics written by Markus R. Wenk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Lipidomics will present a complete overview of the field from fundamentals to new discoveries and from concepts, theories and experimental techniques to clinical and industrial applications. The book will develop with the active involvement of a strong editorial board comprised of leaders from the field. The Encyclopedia of Lipidomics intends to be a comprehensive reference resource serving to bridge the gap between clinical and basic science investigators and provide authoritative and digested information to students, scientists as well as non specialists. The book will have an edge over protocol type of works and databases in terms of having wider coverage through rigorous essays on terms, concepts, experimental and analytical techniques, applications and new challenges. Since lipidomics has strong linkages with several of the other biomedical and life sciences disciplines, the proposed encyclopedia will have a wide audience including graduate students, researchers and different levels of scientists in biomedicine, cellular and molecular biology, bioengineering, physiological and biochemistry, and pharmacology across both academia and industry.
Download or read book Fatty Acid Metabolism in Poultry written by Reza Poureslami and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-07 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The current dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases underline I) increasing MUFA intake (mainly 18:1n-9) at the expense of SFA intake (mainly 16:0) and II) increasing n-3 LC PUFA intake. Chicken egg and meat are natural sources of n-3 LC PUFA, and their consumption contributes to the intake of these semi-essential nutrients. Many efforts have been made to improve their fatty acid composition however, some aspects remain uncertain. The specific objectives of the present PhD thesis were [1] to study metabolism of fatty acids (accumulation and bioconversion efficiency) in broiler chickens and the impact of dietary fatty acids composition, and animal factors on the fatty acid metabolism, [2] to study the effect of animal factors together with diet on the fatty acid composition of muscles and organs in broiler chickens and [3] to study the interaction effects of dietary fatty acids on the egg yolk fatty acid composition. To fulfill these objectives, three experiments were carried out of which one trial was performed on broiler chicken and the two others on laying hens.
Download or read book Effect of Feeding Regimen and Age on Lipid Metabolism in Broiler Breeder Hens and Progeny written by Nirun Boonsinchai and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Age of hens and feed allocation can affect egg yolk lipid compositions which in turn directly relate to chick quality. A series of experiments were conducted to determine the effects of age and feeding programs on lipid metabolism in breeder hens and progeny. In the first trial, the rate of yolk absorption and fatty acid profiles in the yolk were compared among 28, 35, and 49wk old hens. The results revealed that the rate of yolk absorption was higher, but the absolute amount of fatty acids absorbed was lower in young hens than in the old hens. The second trial was hypothesized that young breeder hens synthesis egg yolk lipids from amino acids. The results indicated that both glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids as well as glucose were used as a substrates for de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in young hens. The third experiment was set to compare the rate of DNL between young (28wk) and old (40wk) breeder hens as well as their progeny. The results suggested that the rate of DNL was higher in young hens than the old ones. At 7d of age, progeny from old breeder hens illustrated the higher rate of DNL than those chicks from the young hens. The fourth trial was conducted to determine the partitioning of lipids into adipose tissue of 7-day-old chicks. At hatch, yolk-derived lipid was the main lipid in adipose tissue, while the feed-derived and DNL lipids play a bigger role after hatch. The fifth trial was conducted to determine the effect of palmitic acid supplementation. Palmitic acid showed positive effect on hatchability at early phase of production cycle with increasing of monounsaturated fatty acids in fresh yolk. The last trial was set to test the effect of various feeding programs on egg production and progeny growth as well as economic traits. The slower feed increase before peak production with feed adding at peak, and the normal feed increases to peak production with feed adding at 35wk of age showed the best egg production (169 and 171 eggs/HH, respectively) and economic trait expressing as cost for producing a dozen of eggs ($1.21 and $1.22/dozen eggs), whereas the practical feed withdraw program showed the worst effects (148 eggs/HH and $1.29/dozen eggs)
Download or read book Poultry Nutrition written by Vincenzo Tufarelli and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-01-06 with total page 754 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this Special Issue is to publish high quality papers concerning poultry nutrition and the interrelations between nutrition, metabolism, microbiota and the health of poultry. Therefore, I invite submissions of recent findings, as original research or reviews, on poultry nutrition, including, but not limited to, the following areas: the effect of feeding on poultry meat end egg quality; nutrient requirements of poultry; the use of functional feed additives to improve gut health and immune status; microbiota; nutraceuticals; soybean meal replacers as alternative sources of protein for poultry; the effects of feeding poultry on environmental impacts; the use of feed/food by-products in poultry diet; and feed technology.
Download or read book Some Aspects of Lipid Metabolism in Chickens written by Geneva June Baum and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Manipulating Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Oxidation to Reduce Fatness in Broiler Chickens written by Tania Emmanuelle Torchon and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compared to rodents, broiler chickens, those reared for meat, are an attractive model for studies of adipose biology, and obesity development in children. The broiler chicken lacks the gene for uncoupling protein 1, the hallmark for brown adipose tissue making them a useful model to study lipid metabolism in white adipocytes. Two studies were performed to investigate if white adipose tissue had the metabolic ability for fatty acid oxidation (FAO), and to investigate the effects of dietary fatty acids on abdominal fat development of young broiler chickens as a model for childhood obesity. In study one, chickens were fasted for three, five, and seven hours. Afterwards, the oxidative flux from the citric acid cycle, and the citrate synthase enzyme activity were measured in white adipose tissue. In study two, young Cobb500 broilers, from age seven to 21 days, were fed isocaloric diets prepared using lard (primarily saturated), corn oil (primarily monounsaturated), flaxseed oil (enriched in alpha linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3, n-3)), or fish oil (enriched in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3)), at 8% fat by weight. Physical characteristics, abdominal adipocyte histology, and abdominal adipose tissue gene expression profiles were altered due to dietary fatty acids. Collectively our studies confirm that white adipose tissue has the capacity to increase local FAO by increasing expression of key regulatory enzymes and proteins. Further, by altering the type of fatty acids consumed during childhood, adipose deposition and adipocyte size can be attenuated. These data confirm that FAO can be induced locally in white adipose tissue, dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote reduced adipocyte size, and finally that these data could offer new therapeutic targets to reduce fatness in chickens and children.
Download or read book The Influence of Diet and Age on Lipid Metabolism of Chickens written by James Edsel Marion and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Feeding Metabolites from Lactobacillus Plantarum Strains on Lipid Metabolism Gut Morphology and Growth Performance of Broiler Chickens written by Tien Thanh Nguyen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health written by Guoyao Wu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-26 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amino acids (AAs) are not only building blocks of protein, but are also signalling molecules as well as regulators of gene expression and the protein phosphorylation cascade. Additionally, AAs are key precursors for syntheses of hormones and low-molecular weight nitrogenous substances with each having enormous biological importance. For example, physiological concentrations of AA metabolites (e.g., nitric oxide, polyamines, glutathione, taurine, thyroid hormones, and serotonin) are required for cell functions. Growing evidence shows that humans and animals have dietary requirements for all proteinogenic AAs. Mammals, birds and fish also have species- and age-dependent needs for some AA-related substances. However, elevated levels of other products (e.g., ammonia, homocysteine, H2S, and asymmetric dimethylarginine) are pathogenic factors for neurological disorders, oxidative stress, and cardiovascular disease. Thus, optimal amounts of AAs and their ratios in diets and circulation are crucial for whole body homeostasis and health. Adequate provision of one or a mixture of functional AAs or metabolites may be beneficial for ameliorating health problems at various stages of the life cycle (e.g., fetal growth restriction, neonatal morbidity and mortality, weaning-associated intestinal dysfunction and wasting syndrome, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, the metabolic syndrome, and infertility). Dietary supplementation of these nutrients can also optimize the efficiency of metabolic transformations to enhance muscle growth, milk production, and athletic performance, while preventing excess fat deposition and reducing adiposity. Therefore, functional AAs hold great promise in improving the growth, health and well-being of individuals. Chapter 7 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Broiler Chickens written by Jaime Bautista Ortega and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Three experiments were conducted in broiler hens to study the influence of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on egg quality, antioxidant status in progeny, and eicosanoid production in tissue. The objective of experiment 1 was to determine the effect of hen age and dietary n-3 PUFA on egg quality and hatchability. Two-hundred-twenty breeder chicks (males and females) (Cobb Breeders) were raised until 20 weeks of age following the company guidelines. At this age, 3 groups of birds (24 breeder hens and 3 roosters) were randomly allocated to one of the following dietary treatments: 3.5% sunflower oil (Low n-3 diet), 1.75% sunflower oil + 1.75% fish oil (Medium n-3 diet) or 3.5% fish oil (High n-3 diet). Egg quality was evaluated at 29, 37 and 45 weeks of age by determining total egg weight, its components (albumen, yolk and shell) and shell thickness. Total fat content in the yolk and its fatty acid profile was also determined. Egg production was recorded daily. Breeder hens fed the High n-3 diet laid lighter eggs with lighter yolks, albumens and shells than those fed the Medium and Low n-3 diets (p
Download or read book Effects of Dietary Fatty Acids on Adipose Development in Young Broiler Chicks written by Sarah Jane Howard and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The broiler chicken is an attractive model for human obesity, and childhood obesity in particular, due to its ability to eat independently at hatch, put on abdominal fat post-hatch, and its similarities in lipid metabolism. Three studies are presented to investigate the potential for omega-3 fatty acids administered in ovo and in the diet at hatch to alter adiposity. Studies one and two investigated manipulating the fat source in the diet from hatch to days 14 and 24, respectively. Oils tested included corn, lard, macadamia, tuna, fish, safflower, flaxseed, and coconut. Data concerning body weight, breast weight, and abdominal fat weight were measured. In addition, basal lipolysis, PPARɣ expression, and ex vivo lipolysis and adipocyte differentiation were explored. The third study was the first known experiment to attempt in ovo injections of lipids at day 17.5 of incubation, and focused on improving the technique for fatty acids. The oils tested for in ovo injections were corn oil and fish oil, though the experiment was cut short due to neurological issues. The first two studies confirm that enriching the diet in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can be used to decrease adipocyte size and differentiation, which could potentially provide benefits to both broiler chickens and humans.
Download or read book Metabolic Modifiers written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, animal scientists have learned that administering recombinantly derived somatotropin (growth hormone) to cows improves milk production and that giving beta-adrenergic agonists to meat animals improves productivity and leanness. In order for these metabolic modifiers to yield benefits, however, sound management of the animals' nutrition is necessary. This volume reports on how these substances work in the animals' metabolism, what effects they might have on nutrient requirements of domestic livestock, and what information should be developed further by investigators. The book explores the current understanding of the biology, structure, mechanisms of action, and treatment effects of somatotropin, beta-adrenergic agonists, and anabolic steroids. A companion volume to the Nutrient Requirements of Domestic Animals series, this authoritative volume will be required reading for animal scientists, researchers, veterinarians, livestock farmers, and faculty and students in university animal veterinary science programs.
Download or read book Fatty Acid Digestion Synthesis and Metabolism in Broiler Chickens and Pigs written by Willem Smink and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alterations in Lipid Metabolism as a Function of Dietary Composition in Normal and Genetically Dystrophic Chickens written by Luis L. Latrille and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
