Download or read book Linguistic Modeling of Information and Markup Languages written by Andreas Witt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-09 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers recent developments in the field, from multi-layered mark-up and standards to theoretical formalisms to applications. It presents results from international research in text technology, computational linguistics, hypertext modeling and more.

Download or read book Linked Data in Linguistics written by Christian Chiarcos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The explosion of information technology has led to substantial growth of web-accessible linguistic data in terms of quantity, diversity and complexity. These resources become even more useful when interlinked with each other to generate network effects. The general trend of providing data online is thus accompanied by newly developing methodologies to interconnect linguistic data and metadata. This includes linguistic data collections, general-purpose knowledge bases (e.g., the DBpedia, a machine-readable edition of the Wikipedia), and repositories with specific information about languages, linguistic categories and phenomena. The Linked Data paradigm provides a framework for interoperability and access management, and thereby allows to integrate information from such a diverse set of resources. The contributions assembled in this volume illustrate the band-width of applications of the Linked Data paradigm for representative types of language resources. They cover lexical-semantic resources, annotated corpora, typological databases as well as terminology and metadata repositories. The book includes representative applications from diverse fields, ranging from academic linguistics (e.g., typology and corpus linguistics) over applied linguistics (e.g., lexicography and translation studies) to technical applications (in computational linguistics, Natural Language Processing and information technology). This volume accompanies the Workshop on Linked Data in Linguistics 2012 (LDL-2012) in Frankfurt/M., Germany, organized by the Open Linguistics Working Group (OWLG) of the Open Knowledge Foundation (OKFN). It assembles contributions of the workshop participants and, beyond this, it summarizes initial steps in the formation of a Linked Open Data cloud of linguistic resources, the Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud (LLOD).

Download or read book Markup Languages written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Semantic Web Research and Applications written by Elena Simperl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-05-24 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Extended Semantic Web Conference, ESWC 2012, held in Heraklion, Crete, Greece, in May 2012. The 53 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 212 submissions. They are organized in tracks on linked open data, machine learning, natural language processing and information retrieval, ontologies, reasoning, semantic data management, services, processes, and cloud computing, social Web and Web science, in-use and industrial, digital libraries and cultural heritage, and e-government. The book also includes 13 PhD papers presented at the PhD Symposium.

Download or read book Linguistic Linked Data written by Philipp Cimiano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first monograph on the emerging area of linguistic linked data. Presenting a combination of background information on linguistic linked data and concrete implementation advice, it introduces and discusses the main benefits of applying linked data (LD) principles to the representation and publication of linguistic resources, arguing that LD does not look at a single resource in isolation but seeks to create a large network of resources that can be used together and uniformly, and so making more of the single resource. The book describes how the LD principles can be applied to modelling language resources. The first part provides the foundation for understanding the remainder of the book, introducing the data models, ontology and query languages used as the basis of the Semantic Web and LD and offering a more detailed overview of the Linguistic Linked Data Cloud. The second part of the book focuses on modelling language resources using LD principles, describing how to model lexical resources using Ontolex-lemon, the lexicon model for ontologies, and how to annotate and address elements of text represented in RDF. It also demonstrates how to model annotations, and how to capture the metadata of language resources. Further, it includes a chapter on representing linguistic categories. In the third part of the book, the authors describe how language resources can be transformed into LD and how links can be inferred and added to the data to increase connectivity and linking between different datasets. They also discuss using LD resources for natural language processing. The last part describes concrete applications of the technologies: representing and linking multilingual wordnets, applications in digital humanities and the discovery of language resources. Given its scope, the book is relevant for researchers and graduate students interested in topics at the crossroads of natural language processing / computational linguistics and the Semantic Web / linked data. It appeals to Semantic Web experts who are not proficient in applying the Semantic Web and LD principles to linguistic data, as well as to computational linguists who are used to working with lexical and linguistic resources wanting to learn about a new paradigm for modelling, publishing and exploiting linguistic resources.

Download or read book Handbook of Technical Communication written by Alexander Mehler and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-10-30 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Technical Communication brings together a variety of topics which range from the role of technical media in human communication to the linguistic, multimodal enhancement of present-day technologies. It covers the area of computer-mediated text, voice and multimedia communication as well as of technical documentation. In doing so, the handbook takes professional and private communication into account. Special emphasis is put on technical communication by means of web 2.0 technologies and its standardization in system development. In summary, the handbook deals with theoretical issues of technical communication and its practical impact on the development and usage of text and speech technologies.

Download or read book Structuring Music through Markup Language Designs and Architectures written by Steyn, Jacques and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2012-11-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book offers a different approach to music by focusing on the information organization and the development of XML-based language, presenting a new set of tools for practical implementations, and a new investigation into the theory of music"--Provided by publisher.

Download or read book Modeling Information Structure in a Cross linguistic Perspective written by Sanghoun Song and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study makes substantial contributions to both the theoretical and computational treatment of information structure, with a specific focus on creating natural language processing applications such as multilingual machine translation systems. The present study first provides cross-linguistic findings in regards to information structure meanings and markings. Building upon such findings, the current model represents information structure within the HPSG/MRS framework using Individual Constraints. The primary goal of the present study is to create a multilingual grammar model of information structure for the LinGO Grammar Matrix system. The present study explores the construction of a grammar library for creating customized grammar incorporating information structure and illustrates how the information structure-based model improves performance of transfer-based machine translation. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.

Download or read book Language Modeling for Information Retrieval written by W. Bruce Croft and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A statisticallanguage model, or more simply a language model, is a prob abilistic mechanism for generating text. Such adefinition is general enough to include an endless variety of schemes. However, a distinction should be made between generative models, which can in principle be used to synthesize artificial text, and discriminative techniques to classify text into predefined cat egories. The first statisticallanguage modeler was Claude Shannon. In exploring the application of his newly founded theory of information to human language, Shannon considered language as a statistical source, and measured how weH simple n-gram models predicted or, equivalently, compressed natural text. To do this, he estimated the entropy of English through experiments with human subjects, and also estimated the cross-entropy of the n-gram models on natural 1 text. The ability of language models to be quantitatively evaluated in tbis way is one of their important virtues. Of course, estimating the true entropy of language is an elusive goal, aiming at many moving targets, since language is so varied and evolves so quickly. Yet fifty years after Shannon's study, language models remain, by all measures, far from the Shannon entropy liInit in terms of their predictive power. However, tbis has not kept them from being useful for a variety of text processing tasks, and moreover can be viewed as encouragement that there is still great room for improvement in statisticallanguage modeling.

Download or read book Computational Cognitive Modeling and Linguistic Theory written by Adrian Brasoveanu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book introduces a general framework that allows natural language researchers to enhance existing competence theories with fully specified performance and processing components. Gradually developing increasingly complex and cognitively realistic competence-performance models, it provides running code for these models and shows how to fit them to real-time experimental data. This computational cognitive modeling approach opens up exciting new directions for research in formal semantics, and linguistics more generally, and offers new ways of (re)connecting semantics and the broader field of cognitive science. The approach of this book is novel in more ways than one. Assuming the mental architecture and procedural modalities of Anderson's ACT-R framework, it presents fine-grained computational models of human language processing tasks which make detailed quantitative predictions that can be checked against the results of self-paced reading and other psycho-linguistic experiments. All models are presented as computer programs that readers can run on their own computer and on inputs of their choice, thereby learning to design, program and run their own models. But even for readers who won't do all that, the book will show how such detailed, quantitatively predicting modeling of linguistic processes is possible. A methodological breakthrough and a must for anyone concerned about the future of linguistics! (Hans Kamp) This book constitutes a major step forward in linguistics and psycholinguistics. It constitutes a unique synthesis of several different research traditions: computational models of psycholinguistic processes, and formal models of semantics and discourse processing. The work also introduces a sophisticated python-based software environment for modeling linguistic processes. This book has the potential to revolutionize not only formal models of linguistics, but also models of language processing more generally. (Shravan Vasishth) .

Download or read book Natural Language Annotation for Machine Learning written by James Pustejovsky and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2013 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes bibliographical references (p. 305-315) and index.

Download or read book A Methodology for Developing Multimodal User Interfaces of Information Systems written by Adrian Stanciulescu and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2008 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Graphical User Interface (GUI), as the most prevailing type of User Interface (UI) in today's interactive applications, restricts the interaction with a computer to the visual modality and is therefore not suited for some users (e.g., with limited literacy or typing skills), in some circumstances (e.g., while moving around, with their hands or eyes busy) or when the environment is constrained (e.g., the keyboard and the mouse are not available). In order to go beyond the GUI constraints, the Multimodal (MM) UIs apear as paradigm that provide users with great expressive power, naturalness and flexibility. In this thesis we argue that developing MM UIs combining graphical and vocal modalities is an activity that could benefit from the application of a methodology which is composed of: a set of models, a method manipulating these models and the tools implementing the method. Therefore, we define a design space-based method that is supported by model-to-model colored transformations in order to obtain MM UIs of information systems. The design space is composed of explicitly defined design options that clarify the development process in a structured way in order to require less design effort. The feasability of the methodology is demonstrated through three case studies with different levels of complexity and coverage. In addition, an empirical study is conducted with end-users in order to measure the relative usability level provided by different design decisions.

Download or read book Library of Congress Subject Headings written by Library of Congress and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 1544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Learning XML written by Erik T. Ray and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2003-09-22 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition of the bestselling Learning XML provides web developers with a concise but grounded understanding of XML (the Extensible Markup Language) and its potential-- not just a whirlwind tour of XML.The author explains the important and relevant XML technologies and their capabilities clearly and succinctly with plenty of real-life projects and useful examples. He outlines the elements of markup--demystifying concepts such as attributes, entities, and namespaces--and provides enough depth and examples to get started. Learning XML is a reliable source for anyone who needs to know XML, but doesn't want to waste time wading through hundreds of web sites or 800 pages of bloated text.For writers producing XML documents, this book clarifies files and the process of creating them with the appropriate structure and format. Designers will learn what parts of XML are most helpful to their team and will get started on creating Document Type Definitions. For programmers, the book makes syntax and structures clear. Learning XML also discusses the stylesheets needed for viewing documents in the next generation of browsers, databases, and other devices.Learning XML illustrates the core XML concepts and language syntax, in addition to important related tools such as the CSS and XSL styling languages and the XLink and XPointer specifications for creating rich link structures. It includes information about three schema languages for validation: W3C Schema, Schematron, and RELAX-NG, which are gaining widespread support from people who need to validate documents but aren't satisfied with DTDs. Also new in this edition is a chapter on XSL-FO, a powerful formatting language for XML. If you need to wade through the acronym soup of XML and start to really use this powerful tool, Learning XML, will give you the roadmap you need.

Download or read book On the Power of Fuzzy Markup Language written by Giovanni Acampora and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-12-14 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most successful methodology that arose from the worldwide diffusion of Fuzzy Logic is Fuzzy Control. After the first attempts dated in the seventies, this methodology has been widely exploited for controlling many industrial components and systems. At the same time, and very independently from Fuzzy Logic or Fuzzy Control, the birth of the Web has impacted upon almost all aspects of computing discipline. Evolution of Web, Web2.0 and Web 3.0 has been making scenarios of ubiquitous computing much more feasible; consequently information technology has been thoroughly integrated into everyday objects and activities. What happens when Fuzzy Logic meets Web technology? Interesting results might come out, as you will discover in this book. Fuzzy Mark-up Language is a son of this synergistic view, where some technological issues of Web are re-interpreted taking into account the transparent notion of Fuzzy Control, as discussed here. The concept of a Fuzzy Control that is conceived and modeled in terms of a native web wisdom represents another step towards the last picture of Pervasive Web Intelligence.

Download or read book Rules and Rule Markup Languages for the Semantic Web written by Michael Schroeder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-10-09 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: RuleML 2003 was the second international workshop on rules and rule markup languages for the Semantic Web, held in conjunction with the International Semantic Web Conference (ISWC). The aim of the RuleML workshop series is to stimulate research on all issues related to web rule languages and to provide an annual forum for presenting and discussing new research results. The Semantic Web is a major world-wide endeavor to advance the Web by enriching its multimedia document content with propositional information that can be processed by inference-enabled Web applications. Rules and rule markup languages, such as RuleML, will play an important role in the success of the Semantic Web. Rules will act as a means to draw inferences, to express constraints,tospecifypoliciesforreactingtoevents,totransformdata,etc.Rule markup languages will allow us to enrich Web ontologies by adding de?nitions of derived concepts, to publish rules on the Web, to exchange rules between di?erent systems and tools, etc. RuleML 2003 built on the success of RuleML 2002, which was held in c- junction with ISWC 2002, Sardinia, Italy. The proceedings of RuleML 2002 can be found at http://www.ceur-ws.org/Vol-60/. Special highlights of the RuleML 2003 workshop were the two invited pres- tationsgivenbyPeterChenon“Rules,XML,andtheERModel”andbyHarold Boley on “Object-Oriented RuleML: User-Level Roles, URI-Grounded Clauses, and Order-Sorted Terms”. This proceedings volume also contains an invited - per by Francois ̧ Bry and Sebastian Scha?ert on “An Entailment Relation for Reasoning on the Web”.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geographic Information Science written by Karen Kemp and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2008 with total page 585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geographic information science (GIScience) is an emerging field that combines aspects of many different disciplines. Spatial literacy is rapidly becoming recognized as a new, essential pier of basic education, alongside grammatical, logical and mathematical literacy. By incorporating location as an essential but often overlooked characteristic of what we seek to understand in the natural and built environment, geographic information science (GIScience) and systems (GISystems) provide the conceptual foundation and tools to explore this new frontier. The Encyclopedia of Geographic Information Science covers the essence of this exciting, new, and expanding field in an easily understood but richly detailed style. In addition to contributions from some of the best recognized scholars in GIScience, this volume contains contributions from experts in GIS' supporting disciplines who explore how their disciplinary perspectives are expanded within the context of GIScienceâ€"what changes when consideration of location is added, what complexities in analytical procedures are added when we consider objects in 2, 3 or even 4 dimensions, what can we gain by visualizing our analytical results on a map or 3D display? Key Features Brings together GIScience literature that is spread widely across the academic spectrum Offers details about the key foundations of GIScience, no matter what their disciplinary origins Elucidates vocabulary that is an amalgam of all of these fields Key Themes Conceptual Foundations Cartography and Visualization Design Aspects Data Manipulation Data Modeling Geocomputation Geospatial Data Societal Issues Spatial Analysis Organizational and Institutional Aspects The Encyclopedia of Geographic Information Science is an important resource for academic and corporate libraries.