Download or read book Perspectives On Thinking And Reasoning written by Stephen Newstead and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-06-20 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays focuses on three reasoning problems devised by Peter Wason - the selection task, the 2-4-6 task, and the THOG problem - which have had a considerable influence since their invention.; The reasons why people make so many errors in these seemingly simple tasks are still not fully understood. A variety of different theoretical perspectives have been used in trying to explain performance. These include the mental models approach, the pragmatic reasoning approach, and the mental logic approach. This book contains chapters which discuss all these theories. Other chapters review the literature or offer alternative theoretical perspectives. A final chapter by Peter Wason describes how he came to create the tasks discussed.
Download or read book Handbook of Communication and Social Interaction Skills written by John O. Greene and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 1052 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive handbook covering social interaction skills & skill acquisition, in the context of personal, professional, and public stages. For scholars & students in interpersonal, group, family & health communication.
Download or read book Directions in Empirical Literary Studies written by Sonia Zyngier and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Directions in Empirical Literary Studies is on the cutting edge of empirical studies and is a much needed volume. It both widens the scope of empirical studies and looks at them from an intercultural perspective by bringing together renowned scholars from the fields of philosophy, sociology, psychology, linguistics and literature, all focusing on how empirical studies have impacted these different areas. Theoretical issues are discussed and solid methods are presented. Some chapters also show the relation between empirical studies and new technology, examining developments in computer science and corpus linguistics. This book takes a global perspective, with contributors from many different countries, both senior and junior researchers. Broad in scope and interdisciplinary in nature, it contributes with the state-of-the-art developments in the field.
Download or read book Social influences on individual decision making processes written by Ferdinand Vieider and published by Rozenberg Publishers. This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main focus of this thesis is to combine the multiple findings from social psychology and apply them with an economic approach to decision making. To this purpose, we investigate accountability and its interaction with market mechanisms, more specifically real incentives in experimental settings. This PhD thesis is structured as follows. Chapter 2 studies the effect of accountability on ambiguity aversion-the preference for known over normatively equivalent unknown probabilities. Chapter 3 follows up on the ambiguity aversion issue by studying preference reversals under ambiguity. Chapter 4 examines the influence of accountability on risk attitude. Chapter 5 is of a methodological nature. We separate accountability and incentives, and find several effects. Accountability is found to reduce preference reversals between frames, for which incentives have no effect. Incentives on the other hand are found to reduce risk seeking for losses, where accountability has no effect.
Download or read book Conditional Reasoning written by Raymond Nickerson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-12 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conditional reasoning is reasoning that involves statements of the sort If A (Antecedent) then C (Consequent). This type of reasoning is ubiquitous; everyone engages in it. Indeed, the ability to do so may be considered a defining human characteristic. Without this ability, human cognition would be greatly impoverished. "What-if" thinking could not occur. There would be no retrospective efforts to understand history by imagining how it could have taken a different course. Decisions that take possible contingencies into account could not be made; there could be no attempts to influence the future by selecting actions on the basis of their expected effects. Despite the commonness and importance of conditional reasoning and the considerable attention it has received from scholars, it remains the subject of much continuing debate. Unsettled questions, both normative and empirical, continue to be asked. What constitutes normative conditional reasoning? How do people engage in it? Does what people do match what would be expected of a rational agent with the abilities and limitations of human beings? If not, how does it deviate and how might people's ability to engage in it be improved? This book reviews the work of prominent psychologists and philosophers on conditional reasoning. It describes empirical research on how people deal with conditional arguments and on how conditional statements are used and interpreted in everyday communication. It examines philosophical and theoretical treatments of the mental processes that support conditional reasoning. Its extensive coverage of the subject makes it an ideal resource for students, teachers, and researchers with a focus on cognition across disciplines.
Download or read book Striving and Feeling written by Leonard L. Martin and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-05-12 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, research on the ways in which goals, affect, and self-regulation influence one another has enjoyed an upsurge. New findings are being published and new theories are being developed to integrate these findings. This volume reports on the latest of this work, including a substantial amount of data and theory that has not yet been published. Emanating from a conference exploring affect as both a cause and effect in various social contexts, this book examines some of the complex and reciprocal relationships among goals, self structures, feelings, thoughts, and behavior. The chapters address: *the effects of intrinsic versus extrinsic goals; *the different effects of approach versus avoidance goals; *the role of awareness in goal pursuit and affective states; *the meaning of affective states in relation to goal attainment; *the impact of hedonistic concerns as motivational factors; *how people regulate their moods; and *the role of the self in affective experiences.
Download or read book Teaching Leaders to Lead Teachers written by Saran Donahoo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-08-20 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TEACHING LEADERS TO LEAD TEACHERS: EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION IN THE ERA OF CONSTANT CRISIS In the 21st century, the perceived crisis in how schools educate students significantly influences the decision of teachers to move into administrative positions as well as their ability to succeed once they take on these positions. Influenced by the media, the community and the teacher’s lounge, many good educators are increasingly unwilling or simply unprepared to make the jump into school leadership and management. This book addresses some of the issues that affect school leadership by providing insights into the current state of educational administration in the hope of demystifying or dismissing some of the popular assumptions regarding what really takes place in the administration office. In doing so, this text examines topics related to the preparation and training of prospective administrators, factors that affect the process of leading in learning environments and perspectives on the state and structure of school leadership research and development.
Download or read book Critical Thinking written by Jeris Folk Cassel and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a balance of reference to theoretical and practical information on critical thinking, this annotated bibliography of 930 selected items from 1980 through 1991 covers the fields of philosophy, psychology, and education. It is geared especially to teachers, administrators, and researchers in elementary, secondary, and higher education. Representing past and current trends in the concepts, research, and teaching of critical thinking, the eight chapters include literature references to the history of critical thinking, the Critical Thinking Movement, the wide range of views on the definition and concept of critical thinking, testing and evaluating, professional development and teacher training, research studies on learning transfer and effective teaching techniques, theory of teaching critical thinking, and instructional methods. Author and subject indexes.
Download or read book Everyday Memory written by Svein Magnussen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an authoritative overview of memory in everyday contexts, and gathers together research on some of the more neglected areas of memory, to provide a comprehensive overview of remembering in real life contexts.
Download or read book Literary Reading Cognition and Emotion written by Michael Burke and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-10-18 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This theoretical and empirical study explores what happens in the minds of engaged readers when they read literature. It considers the roles that the text, the reading context, cognition, and emotion play, and it argues for the importance of understanding the "oceanic" interaction that takes place between those inputs.
Download or read book The Janus Face of Language Where Are the Emotions in Words and the Words in Emotions written by Cornelia Herbert and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-09-28 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Language has long been considered independent from emotions. In the last few years however research has accumulated empirical evidence against this theoretical belief of a purely cognitive-based foundation of language. In particular, through research on emotional word processing it has been shown, that processing of emotional words activates emotional brain structures, elicits emotional facial expressions and modulates action tendencies of approach and avoidance, probably in a similar manner as processing of non-verbal emotional stimuli does. In addition, it has been shown that emotional content is already processed in the visual cortex in a facilitated manner which suggests that processing of emotional language content is able to circumvent in-depth semantic analysis. Yet, this is only one side of the coin. Very recent research putting words into context suggests that language may also construe emotions and that by studying word processing one can provide a window to one’s own feelings. All in all, the empirical observations support the thesis of a close relationship between language and emotions at the level of word meaning as a specific evolutionary achievement of the human species. As such, this relationship seems to be different from the one between emotions and speech, where emotional meaning is conveyed by nonverbal features of the voice. But what does this relationship between written words and emotions theoretically imply for the processing of emotional information? The present Research Topic and its related articles aim to provide answers to this question. This book comprises several experimental studies investigating the brain structures and the time course of emotional word processing. Included are studies examining the affective core dimensions underlying affective word processing and studies that show how these basic affective dimensions influence word processing in general as well as the interaction between words, feelings and (expressive) behavior. In addition, new impetus comes from studies that on the one hand investigate how task-, sublexical and intrapersonal factors influence emotional word processing and on the other hand extend emotional word processing to the domains of social context and self-related processing. Finally, future perspectives are outlined including research on emotion and language acquisition, culture and multilingualism. In summary, this textbook offers scientists from different disciplines insight into the neurophysiological, behavioral and subjective mechanisms underlying emotion and language interactions. It gives new impulses to existing theories on the embodiment of language and emotion and provides new ways of looking at emotion-cognition interactions.
Download or read book Such Stuff as Dreams written by Keith Oatley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-05 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Such Stuff as Dreams: The Psychology of Fiction explores how fiction works in the brains and imagination of both readers and writers. Demonstrates how reading fiction can contribute to a greater understanding of, and the ability to change, ourselves Informed by the latest psychological research which focuses on, for example, how identification with fictional characters occurs, and how literature can improve social abilities Explores traditional aspects of fiction, including character, plot, setting, and theme, as well as a number of classic techniques, such as metaphor, metonymy, defamiliarization, and cues Includes extensive end-notes, which ground the work in psychological studies Features excerpts from fiction which are discussed throughout the text, including works by William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Kate Chopin, Anton Chekhov, James Baldwin, and others
Download or read book Galileo on the World Systems written by Galileo Galilei and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1997-05-25 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This is a very creative piece of work which merits the highest praise. It should be of great value for students and for the general reader."—I. Bernard Cohen, author of Guide to Newton's "Principia" "Finocchiaro has done a superb job of presenting Galileo to the modern reader. The Dialogue is a work of extreme difficulty, requiring a compendious introduction, careful selection, translation and analysis of texts, and thoughtful evaluation of its impact on Western culture. With his well-known logical ability and a feel for pedagogy rare among scholars, Finocchiaro meets these demands in an exceptional way. His is a classic introduction to Galileo's masterpiece."—William A. Wallace, author of Galileo's Logic of Discovery and Proof "I recommend Galileo on the World Systems for any course on Galileo. The introduction does a fine job of situating the book in the intellectual climate of the time, and the notes make Galileo's prose and arguments thoroughly accessible."—Albert Van Helden, translator of Galileo's Sidereus Nuncius
Download or read book Emotional Memory Across the Adult Lifespan written by and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arguments about Arguments written by Maurice A. Finocchiaro and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-25 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together essays by one of the pre-eminent scholars of informal logic.
Download or read book Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy written by Windy Dryden and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-06-02 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: Theoretical Developments is a cutting edge examination of the theory behind this popular approach within the cognitive-behavioural tradition. Distinguished practitioners and authors discuss the relevance of: · cross-disciplinary factors affecting REBT · REBT as an intentional therapy · differentiating preferential from exaggerated and musturbatory beliefs in REBT · irrational beliefs as schemata. Thought-provoking presentation of case studies and the latest theory revision give Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: Theoretical Developments a distinctive slant: a challenging discussion of the approach's openness to revision from within and outside the ranks of REBT, and its implications for the future.
Download or read book Culture and Computing Design Thinking and Cultural Computing written by Matthias Rauterberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-03 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-volume set LNCS 12794-12795 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Culture and Computing, C&C 2021, which was held as part of HCI International 2021 and took place virtually during July 24-29, 2021. The total of 1276 papers and 241 posters included in the 39 HCII 2021 proceedings volumes was carefully reviewed and selected from 5222 submissions. The papers included in the HCII-C&C volume set were organized in topical sections as follows: Part I: ICT for cultural heritage; technology and art; visitors’ experiences in digital culture; Part II: Design thinking in cultural contexts; digital humanities, new media and culture; perspectives on cultural computing.
