Download or read book Liability for AI Decision Making written by Eric Tjong Tjin Tai and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is as yet no generally recognised ground of liability for decision-making by AI. This chapter discusses the available grounds of liability (including vicarious liability and negligence) in different jurisdictions, the conditions for their application, and the issues that arise when trying to decide on liability for AI decision-making. Several related grounds of liability that are not directly applicable (such as liability for animals) will be discussed as providing a model for future law. The focus is on tort liability, with only a few remarks dedicated to contractual liability. The chapter concentrates on AI systems embedded in organizations, not on robots or autonomous vehicles. Particular attention is devoted to the role of the surrounding organization in containing possible risks that may arise when decisions are made by AI.

Download or read book Law and Artificial Intelligence written by Bart Custers and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-05 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth overview of what is currently happening in the field of Law and Artificial Intelligence (AI). From deep fakes and disinformation to killer robots, surgical robots, and AI lawmaking, the many and varied contributors to this volume discuss how AI could and should be regulated in the areas of public law, including constitutional law, human rights law, criminal law, and tax law, as well as areas of private law, including liability law, competition law, and consumer law. Aimed at an audience without a background in technology, this book covers how AI changes these areas of law as well as legal practice itself. This scholarship should prove of value to academics in several disciplines (e.g., law, ethics, sociology, politics, and public administration) and those who may find themselves confronted with AI in the course of their work, particularly people working within the legal domain (e.g., lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers, public prosecutors, lawmakers, and policy advisors). Bart Custers is Professor of Law and Data Science at eLaw - Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University in the Netherlands. Eduard Fosch-Villaronga is Assistant Professor at eLaw - Center for Law and Digital Technologies at Leiden University in the Netherlands.

Download or read book Three Liability Regimes for Artificial Intelligence written by Anna Beckers and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2021-12-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes three liability regimes to combat the wide responsibility gaps caused by AI systems – vicarious liability for autonomous software agents (actants); enterprise liability for inseparable human-AI interactions (hybrids); and collective fund liability for interconnected AI systems (crowds). Based on information technology studies, the book first develops a threefold typology that distinguishes individual, hybrid and collective machine behaviour. A subsequent social science analysis specifies the socio-digital institutions related to this threefold typology. Then it determines the social risks that emerge when algorithms operate within these institutions. Actants raise the risk of digital autonomy, hybrids the risk of double contingency in human-algorithm encounters, crowds the risk of opaque interconnections. The book demonstrates that the law needs to respond to these specific risks, by recognising personified algorithms as vicarious agents, human-machine associations as collective enterprises, and interconnected systems as risk pools – and by developing corresponding liability rules. The book relies on a unique combination of information technology studies, sociological institution and risk analysis, and comparative law. This approach uncovers recursive relations between types of machine behaviour, emergent socio-digital institutions, their concomitant risks, legal conditions of liability rules, and ascription of legal status to the algorithms involved.

Download or read book An Introduction to Ethics in Robotics and AI written by Christoph Bartneck and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book introduces the reader to the foundations of AI and ethics. It discusses issues of trust, responsibility, liability, privacy and risk. It focuses on the interaction between people and the AI systems and Robotics they use. Designed to be accessible for a broad audience, reading this book does not require prerequisite technical, legal or philosophical expertise. Throughout, the authors use examples to illustrate the issues at hand and conclude the book with a discussion on the application areas of AI and Robotics, in particular autonomous vehicles, automatic weapon systems and biased algorithms. A list of questions and further readings is also included for students willing to explore the topic further.

Download or read book Algorithms and Law written by Martin Ebers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring issues from big-data to robotics, this volume is the first to comprehensively examine the regulatory implications of AI technology.

Download or read book An Introductory Guide to Artificial Intelligence for Legal Professionals written by Juan Pavón and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2020-05-14 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The availability of very large data sets and the increase in computing power to process them has led to a renewed intensity in corporate and governmental use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. This groundbreaking book, the first devoted entirely to the growing presence of AI in the legal profession, responds to the necessity of building up a discipline that due to its novelty requires the pooling of knowledge and experiences of well-respected experts in the AI field, taking into account the impact of AI on the law and legal practice. Essays by internationally known expert authors introduce the essentials of AI in a straightforward and intelligible style, offering jurists as many practical examples and business cases as possible so that they are able to understand the real application of this technology and its impact on their jobs and lives. Elements of the analysis include the following: crucial terms: natural language processing, machine learning and deep learning; regulations in force in major jurisdictions; ethical and social issues; labour and employment issues, including the impact that robots have on employment; prediction of outcome in the legal field (judicial proceedings, patent granting, etc.); massive analysis of documents and identification of patterns from which to derive conclusions; AI and taxation; issues of competition and intellectual property; liability and responsibility of intelligent systems; AI and cybersecurity; AI and data protection; impact on state tax revenues; use of autonomous killer robots in the military; challenges related to privacy; the need to embrace transparency and sustainability; pressure brought by clients on prices; minority languages and AI; danger that the existing gap between large and small businesses will further increase; how to avoid algorithmic biases when AI decides; AI application to due diligence; AI and non-disclosure agreements; and the role of chatbots. Interviews with pioneers in the field are included, so readers get insights into the issues that people are dealing with in day-to-day actualities. Whether conceiving AI as a transformative technology of the labour market and training or an economic and business sector in need of legal advice, this introduction to AI will help practitioners in tax law, labour law, competition law and intellectual property law understand what AI is, what it serves, what is the state of the art and the potential of this technology, how they can benefit from its advantages and what are the risks it presents. As the global economy continues to suffer the repercussions of a framework that was previously fundamentally self-regulatory, policymakers will recognize the urgent need to formulate rules to properly manage the future of AI.

Download or read book Robot Rules written by Jacob Turner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains why AI is unique, what legal and ethical problems it could cause, and how we can address them. It argues that AI is unlike any other previous technology, owing to its ability to take decisions independently and unpredictably. This gives rise to three issues: responsibility--who is liable if AI causes harm; rights--the disputed moral and pragmatic grounds for granting AI legal personality; and the ethics surrounding the decision-making of AI. The book suggests that in order to address these questions we need to develop new institutions and regulations on a cross-industry and international level. Incorporating clear explanations of complex topics, Robot Rules will appeal to a multi-disciplinary audience, from those with an interest in law, politics and philosophy, to computer programming, engineering and neuroscience.

Download or read book Regulating Artificial Intelligence written by Thomas Wischmeyer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-29 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book assesses the normative and practical challenges for artificial intelligence (AI) regulation, offers comprehensive information on the laws that currently shape or restrict the design or use of AI, and develops policy recommendations for those areas in which regulation is most urgently needed. By gathering contributions from scholars who are experts in their respective fields of legal research, it demonstrates that AI regulation is not a specialized sub-discipline, but affects the entire legal system and thus concerns all lawyers. Machine learning-based technology, which lies at the heart of what is commonly referred to as AI, is increasingly being employed to make policy and business decisions with broad social impacts, and therefore runs the risk of causing wide-scale damage. At the same time, AI technology is becoming more and more complex and difficult to understand, making it harder to determine whether or not it is being used in accordance with the law. In light of this situation, even tech enthusiasts are calling for stricter regulation of AI. Legislators, too, are stepping in and have begun to pass AI laws, including the prohibition of automated decision-making systems in Article 22 of the General Data Protection Regulation, the New York City AI transparency bill, and the 2017 amendments to the German Cartel Act and German Administrative Procedure Act. While the belief that something needs to be done is widely shared, there is far less clarity about what exactly can or should be done, or what effective regulation might look like. The book is divided into two major parts, the first of which focuses on features common to most AI systems, and explores how they relate to the legal framework for data-driven technologies, which already exists in the form of (national and supra-national) constitutional law, EU data protection and competition law, and anti-discrimination law. In the second part, the book examines in detail a number of relevant sectors in which AI is increasingly shaping decision-making processes, ranging from the notorious social media and the legal, financial and healthcare industries, to fields like law enforcement and tax law, in which we can observe how regulation by AI is becoming a reality.

Download or read book Guardrails written by Urs Gasser and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-03-05 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How society can shape individual actions in times of uncertainty When we make decisions, our thinking is informed by societal norms, “guardrails” that guide our decisions, like the laws and rules that govern us. But what are good guardrails in today’s world of overwhelming information flows and increasingly powerful technologies, such as artificial intelligence? Based on the latest insights from the cognitive sciences, economics, and public policy, Guardrails offers a novel approach to shaping decisions by embracing human agency in its social context. In this visionary book, Urs Gasser and Viktor Mayer-Schönberger show how the quick embrace of technological solutions can lead to results we don’t always want, and they explain how society itself can provide guardrails more suited to the digital age, ones that empower individual choice while accounting for the social good, encourage flexibility in the face of changing circumstances, and ultimately help us to make better decisions as we tackle the most daunting problems of our times, such as global injustice and climate change. Whether we change jobs, buy a house, or quit smoking, thousands of decisions large and small shape our daily lives. Decisions drive our economies, seal the fate of democracies, create war or peace, and affect the well-being of our planet. Guardrails challenges the notion that technology should step in where our own decision making fails, laying out a surprisingly human-centered set of principles that can create new spaces for better decisions and a more equitable and prosperous society.

Download or read book Judgement Proof Robots and Artificial Intelligence written by Mitja Kovač and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the role of public policy in regulating the autonomous artificial intelligence and related civil liability for damage caused by the robots (and any form of artificial intelligence). It is a very timely book, focusing on the consequences of judgment proofness of autonomous decision-making on tort law, risk and safety regulation, and the incentives stemming from these. This book is extremely important as regulatory endeavours concerning AI are in their infancy at most, whereas the industry’s development is continuing in a strong way. It is an important scientific contribution that will bring scientific objectivity to a, to date, very one-sided academic treatment of legal scholarship on AI.

Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Robots and the Law written by Michael Guihot and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engaging exploration of legal and ethical issues arising from developments in AI and robotics.

Download or read book The Reasonable Robot written by Ryan Abbott and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-25 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Argues that treating people and artificial intelligence differently under the law results in unexpected and harmful outcomes for social welfare.

Download or read book Legal Humble AI written by David King and published by Ingene Publishers. This book was released on 2024-02-25 with total page 99 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In "Legal and Humble AI: Addressing the Legal, Ethical, and Societal Dilemmas of Generative AI," the author takes a deep dive into the murky world of algorithmic bias. With the rise of AI technology, it's become increasingly clear that our legal and ethical frameworks are struggling to keep up. This book confronts the challenges head-on, offering insights into the complex intersection of law, ethics, and society when it comes to generative AI. From discriminatory hiring practices to biased medical diagnoses, AI algorithms have been found to perpetuate and even exacerbate existing social inequalities. The author explores the ways in which our legal system can adapt to this new reality, with an eye toward creating a more equitable future. Through real-world examples and thought-provoking analysis, "Legal and Humble AI" provides a compelling look at the implications of unchecked AI power. With accessible language and a keen understanding of the subject matter, this book is a must-read for anyone interested in the intersection of technology and society. Whether you're a legal professional, AI developer, or concerned citizen, "Legal and Humble AI" offers valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities that arise from the widespread use of generative AI. This book is a call to action, urging us to confront the ethical and legal dilemmas posed by AI technology, and to work toward a more just and equitable future.

Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence written by Larry A. DiMatteo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-11 with total page 1230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technology and application of artificial intelligence (AI) throughout society continues to grow at unprecedented rates, which raises numerous legal questions that to date have been largely unexamined. Although AI now plays a role in almost all areas of society, the need for a better understanding of its impact, from legal and ethical perspectives, is pressing, and regulatory proposals are urgently needed. This book responds to these needs, identifying the issues raised by AI and providing practical recommendations for regulatory, technical, and theoretical frameworks aimed at making AI compatible with existing legal rules, principles, and democratic values. An international roster of authors including professors of specialized areas of law, technologists, and practitioners bring their expertise to the interdisciplinary nature of AI.

Download or read book Oxford Handbook of Ethics of AI written by Markus D. Dubber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-30 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume tackles a quickly-evolving field of inquiry, mapping the existing discourse as part of a general attempt to place current developments in historical context; at the same time, breaking new ground in taking on novel subjects and pursuing fresh approaches. The term "A.I." is used to refer to a broad range of phenomena, from machine learning and data mining to artificial general intelligence. The recent advent of more sophisticated AI systems, which function with partial or full autonomy and are capable of tasks which require learning and 'intelligence', presents difficult ethical questions, and has drawn concerns from many quarters about individual and societal welfare, democratic decision-making, moral agency, and the prevention of harm. This work ranges from explorations of normative constraints on specific applications of machine learning algorithms today-in everyday medical practice, for instance-to reflections on the (potential) status of AI as a form of consciousness with attendant rights and duties and, more generally still, on the conceptual terms and frameworks necessarily to understand tasks requiring intelligence, whether "human" or "A.I."

Download or read book The Future of AI Governance written by Arnold Villeneuve and published by Ponc Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-22 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Rise of AI Technologies As we witness the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, it has become imperative for governments, business owners, and AI software developers to address the need for regulations, policies, and governance frameworks to ensure the ethical and safe development of AI technologies. The rise of AI technologies has brought about a plethora of ethical considerations that cannot be ignored. One of the key areas that require attention is the establishment of ethical standards for AI decision-making. As AI systems become more autonomous, it is crucial to ensure that they make decisions in a way that aligns with human values and principles. This includes addressing issues such as transparency and accountability in AI algorithms, as well as preventing bias and discrimination in AI technologies. Furthermore, data privacy regulations for AI systems must be put in place to protect individuals' personal information from being misused or exploited. As AI technologies continue to evolve, it is essential to have mechanisms in place to safeguard data privacy and ensure that individuals have control over how their information is being used. In addition, international cooperation on AI governance is essential to ensure that regulations are harmonized across borders and that best practices are shared among countries. This will help to create a more cohesive global framework for the development and deployment of AI technologies. Other critical areas that need to be addressed include the regulation of autonomous AI systems, human oversight and control of AI applications, liability and responsibility in AI development, regulation of AI in healthcare and medicine, and regulation of AI in law enforcement and surveillance. By proactively addressing these issues, we can ensure that AI technologies are developed and used in a way that benefits society while upholding ethical standards and protecting individual rights.

Download or read book AI systems and non contractual liability e Book written by CAPPIELLO BENEDETTA and published by G Giappichelli Editore. This book was released on 2022-05-26 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advent of AI-systems has fundamentally altered the fabric of society as a whole and is set to change our daily lives as well as human and legal relationships between private parties. This book focuses on the non-contractual obligations which arise out of the development and use of AI-systems; both EU substantive and private international law (PIL) provisions on civil liability will be scrutinized. Particularly, the book aims identify a legal framework for AI-systems, characterized as product, following a de lege lata and de lege ferenda approach. The analysis wants to argue that private international law provisions can be an effective tool to achieve the results pursued by the corresponding substantive provisions, and that both substantive and PIL provisions should be ethically oriented and ensure the protection of fundamental rights. The concluding remarks envisages a new direction of European private international law provisions towards a more human-rights oriented approach.