Download or read book Les oiseaux marins polaires sentinelles de la glace de mer written by Christophe Sauser and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'impact du changement climatique sur la glace de mer et les écosystèmes polaires qui en dépendent est reconnu depuis plusieurs décennies. Cependant, ces milieux sont généralement difficiles à étudier en raison de leur climat extrême, de leur isolement et des difficultés logistiques associées. Le manque de connaissances concernant les mécanismes reliant les traits d'histoire de vie des organismes polaires et la variation de la glace de mer est particulièrement préjudiciable à notre compréhension des conséquences du changement climatique sur les espèces longévives comme les oiseaux marins polaires. Ces derniers, généralement situés au sommet des réseaux trophiques, pourraient cependant constituer des espèces sentinelles des écosystèmes liés à la glace de mer. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'améliorer les connaissances sur les processus impliqués dans les réponses des populations de prédateurs marins polaires aux variations environnementales, et principalement les mécanismes liés à la glace de mer. Pour répondre à cet objectif nous nous sommes basés sur le suivi individuel à long terme de deux espèces d'oiseaux marins polaires, le pétrel des neiges (Pagodroma nivea) et le damier du Cap (Daption capense). Les deux espèces se reproduisent en milieu polaire. L'une est particulièrement dépendante de la glace de mer pour s'alimenter (le pétrel des neiges) tandis que l'autre préfère un habitat libre de glace (le damier du Cap). Au cours de ce travail, nous avons estimé l'influence de facteurs extrinsèques (forçages ascendants, descendants, météorologie locale) et intrinsèques (âge, expérience de reproduction, sexe, colonie) sur les réponses démographiques des espèces à l'aide de modèles multi-états de capture-marquage-recapture. Nous avons également testé l'influence des facteurs environnementaux sur les traits phénotypiques (condition corporelle et phénologie de reproduction) du pétrel des neiges. Chez les damiers du Cap nous montrons une diminution du succès reproducteur ainsi que l'influence de plusieurs paramètres extrinsèques (température de surface de l'eau de mer, prédation, météorologie locale) sur celui-ci. En parallèle nous montrons une augmentation de la survie des adultes et une corrélation de celle-ci avec l'oscillation Antarctique. Chez le pétrel des neiges, nous avons mis en évidence l'influence de la glace de mer et d'autres facteurs extrinsèques (prédation, oscillation Antarctique, météorologie locale) et intrinsèques (sexe, colonie, expérience de reproduction) sur de multiples traits démographiques. Nous avons également montré un décalage (retard) dans la phénologie de reproduction des pétrels des neiges en réponse à des changements environnementaux (concentration de glace de mer, vents) et nous avons constaté que la reproduction retardée avait un impact négatif sur la probabilité d'envol des poussins. Enfin nous avons aussi montré que la concentration de glace de mer et l'oscillation Antarctique ont une influence négative sur la survie et la condition corporelle des juvéniles de pétrel des neiges. Cette thèse permet d'apporter de nouvelles connaissances sur les liens entre glace de mer et les traits d'histoire de vie d'une espèce pagophilique, le pétrel des neiges et d'une espèce moins associée à la glace, le damier du Cap. Ces connaissances permettent de mieux appréhender les conséquences du changement climatique sur les oiseaux marins polaires et les écosystèmes polaires en général, et apporte une contribution à la compréhension de la dynamique des populations concernant les variations démographiques intra spécifiques à fine échelle spatiale.

Download or read book Oiseaux marins written by Fabrice Genevois and published by Editions Quae. This book was released on 2015-06-29 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Une invitation au voyage dans l’univers des oiseaux marins qui ont colonisé tous les océans du globe, depuis les eaux équatoriales jusqu'aux mers polaires. Les contraintes de l'environnement marin ont façonné chez eux des adaptations remarquables, d'un point de vue morphologique, physiologique et comportemental. Ils détiennent de nombreux records au sein de la gent ailée (interminables voyages, plongées abyssales ou spectaculaires migrations...) et sont les témoins de bouleversements qui affectent les écosystèmes marins.

Download or read book Les oiseaux de mer written by Jean-François Rail and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitoring and Prediction of Tropical Cyclones in the Indian Ocean and Climate Change written by U.C. Mohanty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-12 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with recent advances in our understanding and prediction of tropical cyclogenesis, intensification and movement as well as landfall processes like heavy rainfall, gale wind and storm surge based on the latest observational and numerical weather prediction (NWP) modeling platforms. It also includes tropical cyclone (TC) management issues like early warning systems, recent high impact TC events, disaster preparedness, assessment of risk and vulnerability including construction, archiving and retrieval of the best tracking and historical data sets, policy decision etc., in view of recent findings on climate change aspects and their impact on TC activity. The chapters are authored by leading experts, both from research and operational environments. This book is relevant to cyclone forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, graduate and undergraduate students. It intends to stimulate thinking and hence further research in the field of TCs and climate change, especially over the Indian Ocean region and provides high-quality reference materials for all the users mentioned above for the management of TCs over this region.

Download or read book Trophic Ecology written by Torrance C. Hanley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-07 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As researchers try to predict the effects of human modification at all trophic levels and mediate the impact of rapid environmental change, it has become clear it is no longer a matter of agreeing that both bottom-up and top-down forces play important roles in diverse ecosystems. Rather, the question is: how do these forces interact across aquatic and terrestrial systems? Written by leading experts in the field, this book presents a unique synthesis of trophic relationships within and across ecosystems that is a valuable foundation for the development of cross-system, multidisciplinary research. It also provides new insights into population biology and community ecology and examines the interactive effects of bottom-up and top-down forces on biodiversity at each trophic level. A one-stop resource for learning about bottom-up and top-down interactions, this book encourages discussion and collaboration among researchers to identify similarities and differences in trophic interactions across aquatic and terrestrial systems.

Download or read book The Trophic Cascade in Lakes written by Stephen R. Carpenter and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-07-13 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1993 book documents the importance of trophic cascades in aquatic ecology.

Download or read book From Populations to Ecosystems written by Michel Loreau and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major subdisciplines of ecology--population ecology, community ecology, ecosystem ecology, and evolutionary ecology--have diverged increasingly in recent decades. What is critically needed today is an integrated, real-world approach to ecology that reflects the interdependency of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. From Populations to Ecosystems proposes an innovative theoretical synthesis that will enable us to advance our fundamental understanding of ecological systems and help us to respond to today's emerging global ecological crisis. Michel Loreau begins by explaining how the principles of population dynamics and ecosystem functioning can be merged. He then addresses key issues in the study of biodiversity and ecosystems, such as functional complementarity, food webs, stability and complexity, material cycling, and metacommunities. Loreau describes the most recent theoretical advances that link the properties of individual populations to the aggregate properties of communities, and the properties of functional groups or trophic levels to the functioning of whole ecosystems, placing special emphasis on the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Finally, he turns his attention to the controversial issue of the evolution of entire ecosystems and their properties, laying the theoretical foundations for a genuine evolutionary ecosystem ecology. From Populations to Ecosystems points the way to a much-needed synthesis in ecology, one that offers a fuller understanding of ecosystem processes in the natural world.

Download or read book A Frequency Dictionary of French written by Deryle Lonsdale and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Frequency Dictionary of French is an invaluable tool for all learners of French, providing a list of the 5000 most frequently used words in the language. Based on a 23-million-word corpus of French which includes written and spoken material both from France and overseas, this dictionary provides the user with detailed information for each of the 5000 entries, including English equivalents, a sample sentence, its English translation, usage statistics, and an indication of register variation. Users can access the top 5000 words either through the main frequency listing or through an alphabetical index. Throughout the frequency listing there are thematically-organized lists of the top words from a variety of key topics such as sports, weather, clothing, and family terms. An engaging and highly useful resource, the Frequency Dictionary of French will enable students of all levels to get the most out of their study of French vocabulary. Former CD content is now available to access at www.routledge.com/9780415775311 as support material. Designed for use by corpus and computational linguists it provides the full text in a format that researchers can process and turn into suitable lists for their own research work. Deryle Lonsdale is Associate Professor in the Linguistics and English Language Department at Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah). Yvon Le Bras is Associate Professor of French and Department Chair of the French and Italian Department at Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah).

Download or read book The Flowers of Evil written by Charles Baudelaire and published by . This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Les Fleurs du mal is a volume of French poetry by Charles Baudelaire. First published in 1857, it was important in the symbolist and modernist movements. The poems deal with themes relating to decadence and eroticism. Charles Pierre Baudelaire was a French poet who also produced notable work as an essayist, art critic, and pioneering translator of Edgar Allan Poe.

Download or read book Biology and Ecology of Antarctic Krill written by Volker Siegel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a unique insight into the current knowledge of krill population dynamics including distribution, biomass, production, recruitment, growth and mortality rates. Detailed analysis is provided on food and feeding, reproduction and krill behaviour. The volume provides an overview on the aspects of natural challenges to the species, which involve predation, parasites and the commercial exploitation of the resource and its management. A chapter on genetics shows the results of population subdivision and summarizes recent work on sequencing transcriptomes for studying gene function as part of the physiology of live krill. The focus of Chapter 4 is on physiological functions such as biochemical composition, metabolic activity and growth change with ontogeny and season; and will demonstrate which environmental factors are the main drivers for variability. Further discussed in this chapter are the bottle necks which occur in the annual life cycle of krill, and the mechanisms krill have adapted to cope with severe environmental condition.

Download or read book Resolving Ecosystem Complexity written by Oswald J. Schmitz and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An ecosystem's complexity develops from the vast numbers of species interacting in ecological communities. The nature of these interactions, in turn, depends on environmental context. How do these components together influence an ecosystem's behavior as a whole? Can ecologists resolve an ecosystem's complexity in order to predict its response to disturbances? Resolving Ecosystem Complexity develops a framework for anticipating the ways environmental context determines the functioning of ecosystems. Oswald Schmitz addresses the critical questions of contemporary ecology: How should an ecosystem be conceptualized to blend its biotic and biophysical components? How should evolutionary ecological principles be used to derive an operational understanding of complex, adaptive ecosystems? How should the relationship between the functional biotic diversity of ecosystems and their properties be understood? Schmitz begins with the universal concept that ecosystems are comprised of species that consume resources and which are then resources for other consumers. From this, he deduces a fundamental rule or evolutionary ecological mechanism for explaining context dependency: individuals within a species trade off foraging gains against the risk of being consumed by predators. Through empirical examples, Schmitz illustrates how species use evolutionary ecological strategies to negotiate a predator-eat-predator world, and he suggests that the implications of species trade-offs are critical to making ecology a predictive science. Bridging the traditional divides between individuals, populations, and communities in ecology, Resolving Ecosystem Complexity builds a systematic foundation for thinking about natural systems.

Download or read book The Ad lie Penguin written by David Ainley and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2002-10-01 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Adélie penguin is one of the best-studied birds in the world and is the subject of research programs from a dozen nations interested in monitoring changes in the environment and the food webs of the Southern Ocean. This species' population has been changing dramatically over the past few decades coincident with a general warming of the maritime portion of Antarctica. When the sea-ice is seen to decline so does the population of Adélie penguins. Further south, however, the population is increasing. This book summarizes our present ecological knowledge of this polar seabird. In so doing, David Ainley describes the ecological factors important to its life history and details the mechanisms by which it is responding to climate change. The author also chronicles the history of research on Adélie penguins, beginning with the heroic expeditions at the beginning of the twentieth century. Weaving together history, ecology, natural history, and written accounts from the earliest Antarctic naturalists into a fascinating account of this charismatic bird, The Adélie Penguin provides a foundation upon which future ornithological research and environmental monitoring can be based. It is a model for investigations into the effect of climate change on a particular species. The book also contains many fine illustrations from the accomplished illustrator Lucia deLeiris and photographs by the author.

Download or read book Conservation in a Changing World written by Georgina M. Mace and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1999-05-10 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As evidence for the rapid loss of biological diversity strengthens, there is widespread recognition of the need to identify priorities and techniques for conservation action that will reverse the trend. Much progress has been made in the development of quantitative methods for identifying priority areas based on what we know about species distributions, but we must now build an understanding of biological processes into conservation planning. Here, using studies at global to local scales, researchers consider how conservation planners can deal with the dynamic processes of species and their interactions with their environment in a changing world, where human impacts will continue to affect the environment in unprecedented ways. This book will be a source of inspiration for postgraduates, researchers and professionals in conservation biology, wildlife management and ecology.

Download or read book Antarcticness written by Ilan Kelman and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2022-02-08 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Antarcticness joins disciplines, communication approaches and ideas to explore meanings and depictions of Antarctica. Personal and professional words in poetry and prose, plus images, present and represent Antarctica, as presumed and as imagined, alongside what is experienced around the continent and by those watching from afar. These understandings explain how the Antarctic is viewed and managed while identifying aspects which should be more prominent in policy and practice. The authors and artists place Antarctica, and the perceptions and knowledge through Antarcticness, within inspirations and imaginations, without losing sight of the multiple interests pushing the continent’s governance as it goes through rapid political and environmental changes. Given the diversity and disparity of the influences and changes, the book’s contributions connect to provide a more coherent and encompassing perspective of how society views Antarctica, scientifically and artistically, and what the continent provides and could provide politically, culturally and environmentally. Offering original research, art and interpretations of different experiences and explorations of Antarctica, explanations meld with narratives while academic analyses overlap with first-hand experiences of what Antarctica does and does not – could and could not – bring to the world.

Download or read book Sea Ice written by David N. Thomas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea ice, which covers up to 7% of the planet’s surface, is a major component of the world’s oceans, partly driving ocean circulation and global climate patterns. It provides a habitat for a rich diversity of marine organisms, and is an extremely valuable source of information in studies of global climate change and the evolution of present day life forms. Increasingly sea ice is being used as a proxy for extraterrestrial ice covered systems. Sea Ice provides a comprehensive review of our current available knowledge of polar pack ice, the study of which is severely constrained by the logistic difficulties of working in such harsh and remote regions of the earth. The book’s editors, Drs Thomas and Dieckmann have drawn together an impressive group of international contributing authors, providing a well-edited and integrated volume, which will stand for many years as the standard work on the subject. Contents of the book include details of the growth, microstructure and properties of sea ice, large-scale variations in thickness and characteristics, its primary production, micro-and macrobiology, sea ice as a habitat for birds and mammals, sea ice biogeochemistry, particulate flux, and the distribution and significance of palaeo sea ice. Sea Ice is an essential purchase for oceanographers and marine scientists, environmental scientists, biologists, geochemists and geologists. All those involved in the study of global climate change will find this book to contain a wealth of important information. All libraries in universities and research establishments where these subjects are studied and taught will need multiple copies on their shelves. David Thomas is at the School of Ocean Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, UK. Gerhard Dieckmann is at the Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

Download or read book Phytochemical Induction by Herbivores written by Douglas W. Tallamy and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1991-07-17 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research indicates that plants may be defended by mechanisms activated only after a plant has been challenged by a herbivore. Examines these inducible defenses and provides a framework for future advances in the field. Also serves as a summary and compilation of major studies to date on important areas of plant and insect ecology. While treating both vertebrates and invertebrates it covers mechanisms and models of long- and short-term induction. The impact of inducible phytochemicals on herbivores is extensively discussed as are pesticidal activity of inducible phytochemicals. Covers agricultural implications of inducible phytochemicals.

Download or read book Dynamics of Nutrient Cycling and Food Webs written by Donald L. DeAngelis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In all fields of science today, data are collected and theories are developed and published faster than scientists can keep up with, let alone thoroughly digest. In ecology the fact that practitioners tend to be divided between such subdisciplines as aquatic and terrestrial ecology, as well as between popula tion, community, and ecosystem ecology, makes it even harder for them to keep up with all relevant research. Ecologists specializing in one sub discipline are not always aware of progress in another subdiscipline that relates to their own. Syntheses are frequently needed that pull together large bodies of information and organize them in ways that makes them more coherent, and thus more understandable. I have tried to perform this task of integration for the subject area that encompasses the interrelationships between the dynamics of ecological food webs and the cycling of nutrients. I believe this area cuts across many of the subdisciplines of ecology and is pivotal to our progress in understanding ecosystems and in dealing with human impacts on the environment. Many current ecological problems involve human disturbances of both food webs and the nutrients that cycle through them. Little progress can be made towards elucidating the complex feedback relations inherent in the study of nutrient cycles in ecological systems without the tools of mathematics and computer modelling. These tools are therefore liberally used throughout the book.