Download or read book Les limites la croissance dans un monde global written by Elodie Vieille Blanchard and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette thèse est centrée sur le rapport au Club de Rome de 1972, affirmant l'existence de limites globales à la croissance et la nécessité de ruptures radicales pour s'y ajuster. Elle pose la question des conditions matérielles, politiques et culturelles qui conduisent à la montée en force de discours dénonçant la croissance démographique et économique, à un niveau global, en lien avec le développement du Tiers Monde et la Guerre Froide. Elle analyse la genèse de l'entreprise du Club de Rome, afin d'élucider le paradoxe que constitue l'appel par une élite industrielle et politique à une stabilisation de l'économie mondiale. À cette fin, elle étudie les influences contrastées des discours environnementalistes et des «études du futur» sur le projet de modélisation des problèmes du monde. Elle étudie comment le choix de la Dynamique des Systèmes concourt à une traduction particulière de la «Problématique » du Club en modèle mathématique, focalisée sur les limites à la croissance. La thèse s'attache enfin à comprendre comment le vif débat du début des années 1970, pour ou contre la croissance, laisse rapidement la place à un consensus sur le bien-fondé de la croissance. Les inégalités entre Nord et Sud, et les meilleurs moyens technologiques et économiques pour dépasser les limites matérielles, deviennent alors prégnants. De nouvelles approches, modélisation globale et économie de l'environnement, par leur cadrage particulier des problèmes, contribuent à rendre le projet de stabilisation de l'économie hors de propos, et confortent le bien-fondé de la croissance économique pour le développement humain et la préservation de l'environnement.
Download or read book Les limites la croissance dans un monde fini written by Donella Hager Meadows and published by . This book was released on 2017-08-24 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: En 1972, quatre jeunes scientifiques du MIT rédigent à la demande du Club de Rome un rapport qu'ils intitulent The Limits to Growth. Celui-ci va choquer le monde et devenir un best-seller international. Pour la première fois, leur recherche établit les conséquences dramatiques sur le plan écologique d'une croissance économique et démographique exponentielle dans un monde fini. Leur analyse repose sur le modèle " World3 ", qui permet une simulation informatique des interactions entre population, croissance industrielle, production alimentaire et limites des écosystèmes terrestres. Ce rapport paraît avant la première crise pétrolière de 1973, et pour beaucoup d'esprits, la croissance économique est alors un fait durable, qui ne saurait être discuté. En 2004, les auteurs reprennent leur analyse et l'enrichissent de données accumulées durant trois décennies d'expansion sans limites : l'impact destructeur des activités humaines sur les processus naturels les conforte définitivement dans leur raisonnement. En 1972, la problématique centrale du livre était : " comment éviter le dépassement " ; l'enjeu est désormais : " comment procéder pour que nos activités ralentissent et puissent tenir dans les limites de la planète ". Ce livre propose donc la dernière version du Rapport Meadows, à un moment où la crise majeure que nous traversons jette une lumière crue sur la dynamique de la croissance et ses effets.
Download or read book The Future of the World written by Jenny Andersson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of the World is devoted to the intriguing field of study which emerged after World War Two, futurism or futurology. Jenny Andersson explains how futurist scholars and researchers imagined the Cold War and post Cold War world and the tools and methods they would use to influence and change that world. Futurists were a motley crew of Cold War warriors, nuclear scientists, journalists, and peace activists. Some argued it should be a closed sphere of science defined by delimited probabilities. They were challenged by alternative notions of the future as a potentially open realm. Futurism also drew on an eclectic range of repertoires, some of which were deduced from positivist social science, mathematics, and nuclear physics, and some of which sprung from alternative forms of knowledge in science fiction, journalism, or religion. These different forms of prediction laid very different claims to how accurately futures could be known, and what kind of control could be exerted over what was yet to come. The Future of the World carefully examines these different engagements with the future, and inscribes them in the intellectual history of the post war period. Using unexplored archival collections, The Future of the World reconstructs the Cold War networks of futurologists and futurists.
Download or read book The Struggle for the Long Term in Transnational Science and Politics written by Jenny Andersson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-10 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reconsiders the power of the idea of the future. Bringing together perspectives from cultural history, environmental history, political history and the history of science, it investigates how the future became a specific field of action in liberal democratic, state socialist and post-colonial regimes after the Second World War. It highlights the emergence of new forms of predictive scientific expertise in this period, and shows how such forms of expertise interacted with political systems of the Cold War world order, as the future became the prism for dealing with post-industrialisation, technoscientific progress, changing social values, Cold War tensions and an emerging Third World. A forgotten problem of cultural history, the future re-emerges in this volume as a fundamentally contested field in which forms of control and central forms of resistance met, as different actors set out to colonise and control and others to liberate. The individual studies of this book show how the West European, African, Romanian and Czechoslovak "long term" was constructed through forms of expertise, computer simulations and models, and they reveal how such constructions both opened up new realities but also imposed limits on possible futures.
Download or read book Global Development written by Sara Lorenzini and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-26 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Cold War, "development" was a catchphrase that came to signify progress, modernity, and economic growth. Development aid was closely aligned with the security concerns of the great powers, for whom infrastructure and development projects were ideological tools for conquering hearts and minds around the globe, from Europe and Africa to Asia and Latin America. In this sweeping and incisive book, Sara Lorenzini provides a global history of development, drawing on a wealth of archival evidence to offer a panoramic and multifaceted portrait of a Cold War phenomenon that transformed the modern world. Taking readers from the aftermath of the Second World War to the tearing down of the Berlin Wall, Lorenzini shows how development projects altered local realities, transnational interactions, and even ideas about development itself. She shines new light on the international organizations behind these projects—examining their strategies and priorities and assessing the actual results on the ground—and she also gives voice to the recipients of development aid. Lorenzini shows how the Cold War shaped the global ambitions of development on both sides of the Iron Curtain, and how international organizations promoted an unrealistically harmonious vision of development that did not reflect local and international differences. An unparalleled journey into the political, intellectual, and economic history of the twentieth century, this book presents a global perspective on Cold War development, demonstrating how its impacts are still being felt today.
Download or read book Les Limites la Croissance Dans un Monde Fini written by Donella H. Meadows and published by . This book was released on 2012-11 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Down to Earth written by Bruno Latour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present ecological mutation has organized the whole political landscape for the last thirty years. This could explain the deadly cocktail of exploding inequalities, massive deregulation, and conversion of the dream of globalization into a nightmare for most people. What holds these three phenomena together is the conviction, shared by some powerful people, that the ecological threat is real and that the only way for them to survive is to abandon any pretense at sharing a common future with the rest of the world. Hence their flight offshore and their massive investment in climate change denial. The Left has been slow to turn its attention to this new situation. It is still organized along an axis that goes from investment in local values to the hope of globalization and just at the time when, everywhere, people dissatisfied with the ideal of modernity are turning back to the protection of national or even ethnic borders. This is why it is urgent to shift sideways and to define politics as what leads toward the Earth and not toward the global or the national. Belonging to a territory is the phenomenon most in need of rethinking and careful redescription; learning new ways to inhabit the Earth is our biggest challenge. Bringing us down to earth is the task of politics today.
Download or read book The Power of Systems written by Eglė Rindzevičiūtė and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2016-12-15 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Power of Systems, Egle Rindzeviciute introduces readers to one of the best-kept secrets of the Cold War: the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis, an international think tank established by the U.S. and Soviet governments to advance scientific collaboration. From 1972 until the late 1980s IIASA in Austria was one of the very few permanent platforms where policy scientists from both sides of the Cold War divide could work together to articulate and solve world problems. This think tank was a rare zone of freedom, communication, and negotiation, where leading Soviet scientists could try out their innovative ideas, benefit from access to Western literature, and develop social networks, thus paving the way for some of the key science and policy breakthroughs of the twentieth century.Ambitious diplomatic, scientific, and organizational strategies were employed to make this arena for cooperation work for global change. Under the umbrella of the systems approach, East-West scientists co-produced computer simulations of the long-term world future and the anthropogenic impact on the environment, using global modeling to explore the possible effects of climate change and nuclear winter. Their concern with global issues also became a vehicle for transformation inside the Soviet Union. The book shows how computer modeling, cybernetics, and the systems approach challenged Soviet governance by undermining the linear notions of control on which Soviet governance was based and creating new objects and techniques of government.
Download or read book The Coming Authoritarian Ecology written by Fabrice Flipo and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines ecological issues such as climate change and biodiversity, articulating local and global scales, and short and long term perspectives, questioning what "development" and "progress" are. The goal is to show how diverging points of view are conflictingly articulated to one another, in a political ideology perspective. This perspective, which is close to the main actor's point of view, allows displacement of the usual analysis, and offers a new synthesis.
Download or read book The Environment written by Paul Warde and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-30 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth look at the history of the environment. Is it possible for the economy to grow without the environment being destroyed? Will our lifestyles impoverish the planet for our children and grandchildren? Is the world sick? Can it be healed? Less than a lifetime ago, these questions would have made no sense. This was not because our ancestors had no impact on nature—nor because they were unaware of the serious damage they had done. What people lacked was an idea: a way of imagining the web of interconnection and consequence of which the natural world is made. Without this notion, we didn't have a way to describe the scale and scope of human impact upon nature. This idea was "the environment." In this fascinating book, Paul Warde, Libby Robin, and Sverker Sörlin trace the emergence of the concept of the environment following World War II, a period characterized by both hope for a new global order and fear of humans' capacity for almost limitless destruction. It was at this moment that a new idea and a new narrative about the planet-wide impact of people's behavior emerged, closely allied to anxieties for the future. Now we had a vocabulary for talking about how we were changing nature: resource exhaustion and energy, biodiversity, pollution, and—eventually—climate change. With the rise of "the environment," the authors argue, came new expertise, making certain kinds of knowledge crucial to understanding the future of our planet. The untold history of how people came to conceive, to manage, and to dispute environmental crisis, The Environment is essential reading for anyone who wants to help protect the environment from the numerous threats it faces today.
Download or read book Facing Gaia written by Bruno Latour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of modern sciences in the seventeenth century profoundly renewed our understanding of nature. For the last three centuries new ideas of nature have been continually developed by theology, politics, economics, and science, especially the sciences of the material world. The situation is even more unstable today, now that we have entered an ecological mutation of unprecedented scale. Some call it the Anthropocene, but it is best described as a new climatic regime. And a new regime it certainly is, since the many unexpected connections between human activity and the natural world oblige every one of us to reopen the earlier notions of nature and redistribute what had been packed inside. So the question now arises: what will replace the old ways of looking at nature? This book explores a potential candidate proposed by James Lovelock when he chose the name 'Gaia' for the fragile, complex system through which living phenomena modify the Earth. The fact that he was immediately misunderstood proves simply that his readers have tried to fit this new notion into an older frame, transforming Gaia into a single organism, a kind of giant thermostat, some sort of New Age goddess, or even divine Providence. In this series of lectures on 'natural religion,' Bruno Latour argues that the complex and ambiguous figure of Gaia offers, on the contrary, an ideal way to disentangle the ethical, political, theological, and scientific aspects of the now obsolete notion of nature. He lays the groundwork for a future collaboration among scientists, theologians, activists, and artists as they, and we, begin to adjust to the new climatic regime.
Download or read book The Contamination of the Earth written by Francois Jarrige and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-07-21 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The trajectories of pollution in global capitalism, from the toxic waste of early tanneries to the poisonous effects of pesticides in the twentieth century. Through the centuries, the march of economic progress has been accompanied by the spread of industrial pollution. As our capacities for production and our aptitude for consumption have increased, so have their byproducts—chemical contamination from fertilizers and pesticides, diesel emissions, oil spills, a vast “plastic continent” found floating in the ocean. The Contamination of the Earth offers a social and political history of industrial pollution, mapping its trajectories over three centuries, from the toxic wastes of early tanneries to the fossil fuel energy regime of the twentieth century. The authors describe how, from 1750 onward, in contrast to the early modern period, polluted water and air came to be seen as inevitable side effects of industrialization, which was universally regarded as beneficial. By the nineteenth century, pollutants became constituent elements of modernity. The authors trace the evolution of these various pollutions, and describe the ways in which they were simultaneously denounced and permitted. The twentieth century saw new and massive scales of pollution: chemicals that resisted biodegradation, including napalm and other defoliants used as weapons of war; the ascendancy of oil; and a lifestyle defined by consumption. In the 1970s, pollution became a political issue, but efforts—local, national, and global—to regulate it often fell short. Viewing the history of pollution though a political lens, the authors also offer lessons for the future of the industrial world.
Download or read book Planning in Cold War Europe written by Michel Christian and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of planning economy and engineering social life has often been linked with Communist regimes’ will of control. However, the persuasion that social and economic processes could and should be regulated was by no means limited to them. Intense debates on these issues developed already during the First World War in Europe and became globalized during the World Economic crisis. During the Cold War, such discussions fuelled competition between two models of economic and social organisation but they also revealed the convergences and complementarities between them. This ambiguity, so often overlooked in histories of the Cold War, represents the central issue of the book organized around three axes. First, it highlights how know-how on planning circulated globally and were exchanged by looking at international platforms and organizations. The volume then closely examines specificities of planning ideas and projects in the Communist and Capitalist World. Finally, it explores East-West channels generated by exchanges around issues of planning which functioned irrespective of the Iron Curtain and were exported in developing countries. The volume thus contributes to two fields undergoing a process of profound reassessment: the history of modernisation and of the Cold War.
Download or read book Environmental Innovation and Ecodesign written by Romain Debref and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the post-war economic boom was marked by the recognition of the environmental problem with the oil crises of the 1970s and, in 1972, the first major UN conference devoted to the human environment. Successive international meetings have resulted in a context where technical change, innovation and industry have assumed a central place in the creation of a new model of society. Against this consensus, the author demonstrates from economic analysis and wide-ranging examples that the environmental innovation doctrine and ecodesign methods remain fragile and can lead to paradoxical results.
Download or read book Finance Capital Today written by François Chesnais and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2016-09-07 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finance Capital Today is shortlisted for the The Isaac and Tamara Deutscher Memorial Prize 2017. Finance Capital Today presents a rich new analysis of the specific features of contemporary capitalism, notably its truly global nature and its financialisation, calling on Marxist analyses of the concentration, centralisation and globalisation of capital and Marx’s theory of interest-bearing and fictitious capital. Chesnais shows how financial globalisation and the exponential growth of financial assets have developed alongside the globalisation of productive capital, paying special attention to the contemporary operations of transnational corporations and global oligopoly. He argues that the macroeconomic perspective is one in which large amounts of capital are looking for profitable investment in a setting of underlying overproduction and low profits. The outcome will be low global growth, repeated financial shocks and the growing interconnection between the environmental and economic crises.
Download or read book 33 E Symposium International FESF Strasbourg written by Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2005 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Invitée par la Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU), la Faculté Européenne des Sciences du Foncier (FESF) a organisé son 33e Symposium International 2003 à Vilnius. Ce volume réunit les 27 conférences du Symposium. La publication correspond au programme de la réunion: Part I contient des questions de base, sous l'angle du droit et de la théorie de la protection de l'environnement d'aujourd'hui, part II des études des cas récents de chercheurs lituaniens sur le développement en Lituanie, part III la situation actuelle d'autres pays de la région baltique, de l'Europe Centrale, de l'Est et du Sud. Invited by the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU), the European Faculty of Land Use and Development (FESF) organized its 33rd International Symposium 2003 in Vilnius. The Volume presents the 27 contributions of the Symposium. The publication follows the program of the Symposium: Part I contains juridical and theoretical fundamentals of actual environmental protection, part II recent case studies on central problems in Lithuania by Lithuanian scientists, part III further fundamental cases from countries in the Baltic Region, in Middle-, East-, and Southern Europe. Eingeladen von der Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VGTU) hielt die Europäische Fakultät für Bodenordnung (FESF) ihr 33. Internationales Symposium 2003 in Vilnius ab. Der Band enthält die 27 Vorträge des Symposiums. Die Veröffentlichung hält sich an das Programm der Tagung: Teil I enthält rechtliche und theoretische Grundsatzfragen zum Umweltschutz, Teil II neuere Fallstudien von litauischen Wissenschaftlern zu den Entwicklungen in Litauen, Teil III zentrale Fragestellungen aus weiteren Ländern der baltischen Region, Mittel-, Ost- und Südeuropas.
Download or read book The Limits to Growth written by Donella H. Meadows and published by Universe Pub. This book was released on 1972 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the factors which limit human economic and population growth and outlines the steps necessary for achieving a balance between population and production. Bibliogs
