Download or read book Lentivirus Gene Engineering Protocols written by Maurizio Federico and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell gene engineering is emerging as a field with outstanding impact, not only in medicine/biology, but also, and perhaps most importantly, in agriculture and in all those food sciences involved in the fight against world hunger. Lentivirus vector-based technologies represent the last frontier in the development of powerful and reliable methods for both in vitro and in vivo gene transfer in eukaryotic animal cells. Although the design of lentivirus vectors is closely reminiscent of those already successfully applied to the construction of oncoretroviral vectors, some unique features, e.g., the ef- ciency in transducing both postmitotic and stem cells, render the use of lentivirus vectors invaluable. It has been a great pleasure to edit Lentivirus Gene Engineering Pro- cols, owing in part to the high level of enthusiasm that the authors dem- strated in contributing to this book. The fact that so many outstanding scientists engaged in lentivirus vector research have provided articles renders it so- thing more than a technical handbook. In addition to detailed descriptions of the most innovative methodologies, the reader may find very informative ov- views concerning both theoretical and practical aspects of the origin and the development of diverse lentivirus vector types. This, in my opinion, rep- sents a unique added value of this volume, which should help our work resist the passage of time, to which books such as this are particularly sensitive.
Download or read book Methods in Molecular Biology Lentivirus gene engineering protocols written by John M. Walker and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lentiviral Vectors and Exosomes as Gene and Protein Delivery Tools written by Maurizio Federico and published by Humana. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides current methods and protocols for gene and protein delivery based on both lentivirus-generated and spontaneously released nanovesicles. Lentiviral Vectors and Exosomes as Gene and Protein Delivery Tools guides readers through methods on macromolecule delivery and chapters describe the LV-based protocols of gene engineering. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Lentiviral Vectors and Exosomes as Gene and Protein Delivery Tools aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Download or read book Lentiviral Vectors written by Didier Trono and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-12-14 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time a compilation of chapters that depict the biological bases underlying the development of lentiviral vectors, the techniques involved in the manufacture of this new gene delivery tool, and its most promising applications.
Download or read book Engineering Lentiviral Vectors for Gene Therapy and Development of Live Cell Arrays for Dynamic Gene Expression Profiling written by Jun Tian and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With their advantages including wide tropism, high efficiency in gene transfer to both dividing and non-dividing cells, and stable and long-term expression of transgenes, lentiviral vectors have been attractively used for genes therapies and widely used for basic biomedical researches where gene transfer is required. As expression of multiple genes from the same target cell is required in such applications, this research work focused on designing novel multicistronic lentiviral vectors to develop gene therapy of diabetes through regulated insulin delivery from skin cells and live cell arrays for analyzing gene expression in a high-throughput and real-time manner.^Specifically, first, lentiviral vectors were engineered to produce a fusion protein between the furin cleavable proinsulin gene and the self-dimerization mutant of FK506-binding protein to yield bioactive insulin in keratinocytes that could be released following exogenous administration of a small organic molecule, rapamycin. The engineered keratinocytes retained normal morphology and grew similar to lentiviral-treated control cells. Epidermal keratinocytes in culture and in stratified bioengineered epidermis released insulin within 30 min after addition of rapamycin, and secretion slowed or stopped within 2-3 hours after removal of the inducer. When the cells were implanted into athymic mice that were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin, insulin was detected in the plasma within 1 hr after addition of rapamycin. Concomitantly, glucose decreased to normal levels even in diabetic animals suffering severe hyperglycemia. Repeated rapamycin administration yielded similar results.^These experiments provide proof-of-concept that insulin released from the skin in a regulatable manner can be an effective treatment for diabetic patients. Second, a lentiviral vector carrying two transcriptional units was designed to reach independent and high level dual-gene expression. The two transcriptional units were separated by polyadenylation, terminator and insulator sequences in order to eliminate promoter interference existing between the transcriptional units. With this design, the expression level of both genes was as high as that yielded from lentiviral vectors containing only a single transcriptional unit. Similar results were observed with several promoters and cell types including epidermal keratinocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and hair follicle stem cells.^Notably, this research work also demonstrated quantitative dynamic monitoring of gene expression in primary cells with no need for selection protocols suggesting that this optimized lentivirus may be useful in high-throughput gene expression profiling studies. Last, using the novel double-promoter lentiviral vector scalable live-cell microarrays were developed to measure gene expression dynamics in a real-time and high-throughput manner. To this end, dual-promoter lentiviral vectors were prepared harboring a transcriptional regulatory element encoding for green fluorescence protein to monitor cell activation in response to exogenous stimuli and a constitutive promoter driving red fluorescence protein for internal signal normalization.^Lentivirus preparations were immobilized in a microarray format and after transduction on the array surface target cells were treated with cytokines and interrogated in real-time using automated fluorescence microscopy, providing rich dynamic information over a period of several days. Data normalization by red fluorescence intensity eliminated errors due to spot-to-spot variability in transduction efficiency or changes in cell proliferation upon cytokine treatment. These results suggest that the LVA can monitor gene expression in real-time and high-throughput manner thereby providing a useful tool for quantitatively measuring gene expression dynamics and deciphering gene regulatory networks.
Download or read book Gene Therapy Methods written by M. Ian Phillips and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-02-22 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the prestigious Methods in Enzymology series discusses methods currently used in preclinical and clinical gene therapy. Subjects covered in this book, such as the use of adeno-associated virus delivery for treatment of Parkinson's disease, are topical and are presented in the methods-oriented style popularized by this series. Discusses methods currently used in preclinical and clinical gene therapy Covers the use of adeno-associated virus delivery for treatment of Parkinson's disease
Download or read book Human Embryonic Stem Cells written by Jon Odorico and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2004-02-01 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first successful isolation and cultivation of human embryonic stem cells at the University of Wisconsin, Madison in 1998, there has been high levels of both interest and controversy in this area of research. This book provides a concise overview of an exciting field, covering the characteristics of both human embryonic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells from other human cell lineages. The following chapters describe state-of-the-art differentiation and characterization of specific ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm-derived lineages from human embryonic stem cells, emphasizing how these can be used to study human developmental mechanisms. A further chapter discusses genetic manipulation of human ES cells. The concluding section covers therapeutic applications of human ES cells, as well as addressing the ethical and legal issues that this research have raised.
Download or read book p53 Protocols written by Sumitra Deb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of p53 as a tumor suppressor, numerous methods have evolved to reveal the unique structural features and biochemical functions of this protein. Several unique properties of p53 posed a challenge to understa- ing its normal function in the initial phase of its research. The low levels of p53 in normal cells, its stabilization under situations of genotoxic stress, induction of growth arrest, and apoptosis with stabilization of the protein, obstructed the visibility of its normal, unmutated function. The property of p53 that can sense a promoter and transactivate or inhibit is still not well understood. It is still not known whether it is the absence of the protein that causes tumorigenesis, or if its mutants have a dominant role in inducing cancer. p53 Protocols comprises eighteen chapters for the study of the diverse properties of p53 and related proteins. The methods included are invaluable for delineating the function of other proteins that may function as tumor suppr- sors or growth suppressors. The chapters are not presented in any schematic order, for the importance and diversity of the functions of p53 make it imp- sible to organize them suitably. We have made a sincere effort to collect the methods most useful to those investigators working on tumor suppressors or growth suppressors. The purpose of p53 Protocols is not only to provide investigators with methods to analyze similar biochemical functions, but also to familiarize them with the associated problems that arose during the course of investigations.
Download or read book Membrane Protein Protocols written by Barry S. Selinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of a protein is absolutely required for the complete understanding of its function. The spatial orientation of amino acids in the active site of an enzyme demonstrates how substrate specificity is defined, and assists the medicinal chemist in the design of s- cific, tight-binding inhibitors. The shape and contour of a protein surface hints at its interaction with other proteins and with its environment. Structural ana- sis of multiprotein complexes helps to define the role and interaction of each individual component, and can predict the consequences of protein mutation or conditions that promote dissociation and rearrangement of the complex. Determining the three-dimensional structure of a protein requires milligram quantities of pure material. Such quantities are required to refine crystallization conditions for X-ray analysis, or to overcome the sensitivity limitations of NMR spectroscopy. Historically, structural determination of proteins was limited to those expressed naturally in large amounts, or derived from a tissue or cell source inexpensive enough to warrant the use of large quantities of cells. H- ever, with the advent of the techniques of modern gene expression, many p- teins that are constitutively expressed in minute amounts can become accessible to large-scale purification and structural analysis.
Download or read book PCR Protocols written by John M. S. Bartlett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 1083 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this new edition, the editors have thoroughly updated and dramatically expanded the number of protocols to take advantage of the newest technologies used in all branches of research and clinical medicine today. These proven methods include real time PCR, SNP analysis, nested PCR, direct PCR, and long range PCR. Among the highlights are chapters on genome profiling by SAGE, differential display and chip technologies, the amplification of whole genome DNA by random degenerate oligonucleotide PCR, and the refinement of PCR methods for the analysis of fragmented DNA from fixed tissues. Each fully tested protocol is described in step-by-step detail by an established expert in the field and includes a background introduction outlining the principle behind the technique, equipment and reagent lists, tips on trouble shooting and avoiding known pitfalls, and, where needed, a discussion of the interpretation and use of results.
Download or read book Pharmaceutical Biotechnology written by Daan J. A. Crommelin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-11-14 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of pharmaceutical biotechnology is evolving rapidly. A whole new arsenal of protein pharmaceuticals is being produced by recombinant techniques for cancer, viral infections, cardiovascular and hereditary disorders, and other diseases. In addition, scientists are confronted with new technologies such as polymerase chain reactions, combinatorial chemistry and gene therapy. This introductory textbook provides extensive coverage of both the basic science and the applications of biotechnology-produced pharmaceuticals, with special emphasis on their clinical use. Pharmaceutical Biotechnology serves as a complete one-stop source for undergraduate pharmacists, and it is valuable for researchers and professionals in the pharmaceutical industry as well.
Download or read book Inflammation Protocols written by Paul G. Winyard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation has been described as the basis of many pathologies of human disease. When one considers the updated signs of inflammation, they would be vasodilation, cell migration, and, in the case of chronic inflam- tion, cell proliferation, often with an underlying autoimmune basis. Gen- ally, inflammation may be divided into acute, chronic, and autoimmune, - though the editors believe that most, if not all, chronic states are often the result of an autoimmune response to an endogenous antigen. Thus, a proper understanding of the inflammatory basis may provide clues to new therap- tic targets not only in classical inflammatory diseases, but atherosclerosis, cancer, and ischemic heart disease as well. The lack of advances in classical inflammatory diseases, such as rh- matoid arthritis, may in part arise from a failure to classify the disease into different forms. That different forms exist is exemplified in patients with d- fering responses to existing antiinflammatory drugs, ranging from nonresponders to very positive responders for a particular nonsteroidal an- inflammatory drug (NSAID). Though researchers have progressively unr- eled the mechanisms, the story is far from complete. It should also be noted that the inflammatory response is part of the innate immune response, or to use John Hunter’s words in 1795, “inflammation is a salutary response.” That may be applied in particular to the defensive response to invading micro- ganisms.
Download or read book Genetic Modification of Hematopoietic Stem Cells written by Christopher Baum and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gene Transfer into Hematopoietic Cells: From Basic Science to Clinical Application Christopher Baum 1. The Potential of Gene Transfer into Hematopoietic Vectors with the potential for stable transgene integration are Cells widely used in basic hematology and clinical trials of gene me- cine. In basic research, both gain-of-function and loss-of-fu- tion situations of individual genes can be created by gene transfer, leading to a wide range of applications in developmental biology, stem cell biology, immunology, leukemia research, and human genetics. With the first evidence of successful modification of murine hematopoietic cells using retroviral gene vectors (1, 2), researchers have also explored the therapeutic potential of this approach. To date, the emerging discipline of gene therapy is a highly diversified field that offers entirely novel approaches to treat a great variety of human diseases (3). All hematopoietic cell types are of major interest in this context, since the modification of the hematopoietic stem cell population may potentially give rise to a completely transgenic hematopoiesis with the potential to cure genetic disorders or fight severe chronic infections, and the targeting of mature cells such as lymphocytes or antigen-p- senting dendritic cells offers all types of transient and semiper- nent modifications of the immune system. The unifying principle of gene medicine is the need to transfer complex nucleic acids cells that do not contribute to the germline (somatic cells).
Download or read book Protein Kinase C Protocols written by Alexandra C. Newton and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery that protein kinase C (PKC) transduces the ab- dance of signals that result in phospholipid hydrolysis, this enzyme has been at the forefront of research in signal transduction. Protein Kinase C Protocols covers fundamental methods for studying the structure, function, regulation, subcellular localization, and macromolecular interactions of PKC. Protein Kinase C Protocols is divided into 11 sections representing the major aspects of PKC regulation and function. Part I contains an introduction and a historical perspective on the discovery of PKC by Drs. Yasutomi Nishizuka and Ushio Kikkawa. Part II describes methods to purify PKC. Part III describes the standard methods for measuring PKC activity: its enzymatic activity and its stimulus-dependent translocation from the cytosol to the membrane. Part IV describes methods for measuring the membrane interaction of PKC in vivo and in vitro. Part V provides methodologies and techniques for measuring the ph- phorylation state of PKC, including a protocol for measuring the activity of PKC’s upstream kinase, PDK-1. Novel methods for identifying substrates are described in Part VI. Part VII presents protocols for expressing and analyzing the membrane targeting domains of PKC. Part VIII provides a comprehensive c- pilation of methods used to identify binding partners for PKC. Part IX describes pharmacological probes used to study PKC. The book ends with a presentation of genetic approaches to study PKC (Part X) and a discussion of approaches used to study PKC in disease (Part XI).
Download or read book Cell Migration in Inflammation and Immunity written by Daniele D’Ambrosio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemokines and their receptors play a central role in the pathogenesis of numerous, perhaps all, acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. About 50 distinct chemokines produced by a variety cell types and tissues either c- stitutively or in response to inflammatory stimuli are involved in a plethora of biological processes. These small secreted proteins exert their exquisitely variegated functions upon binding to a family of seven-transmembrane spanning G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) composed of almost 20 distinct entities. The biological activities of chemokines range from the control of leukocyte trafficking in basal and inflammatory conditions to the regulation of hema- poiesis, angiogenesis, tissue architecture, and organogenesis. The basis for such diversified activities rests, on one hand, upon the ubiquitous nature of chemokine production and chemokine receptor expression. Virtually every cell type can produce chemokines and expresses a unique combination of chemokine receptors. On the other hand, chemokine receptors make use of a flexible and complex network of intracellular signaling machineries that can regulate a variety of cellular functions ranging from cell migration, growth, and differentiation to death. As knowledge of the size of chemokine and chemokine receptor families rapidly reaches completeness, much is still to be uncovered in terms of fu- tional architecture of the chemokine system. The disparity between the large number of chemokines and that smaller number of receptors is balanced by the promiscuity in ligand–receptor interactions, with multiple chemokines binding to the same receptor and several chemokines binding to more than one receptor.
Download or read book E coli Plasmid Vectors written by Nicola Casali and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive collection of readily reproducible techniques for the manipulation of recombinant plasmids using the bacterial host E. coli. The authors describe proven methods for cloning DNA into plasmid vectors, transforming plasmids into E. coli, and analyzing recombinant clones. They also include protocols for the construction and screening of libraries, as well as specific techniques for specialized cloning vehicles, such as cosmids, bacterial artificial chromosomes, l vectors, and phagemids. Common downstream applications such as mutagenesis of plasmids, recombinant protein expression, and the use of reporter genes, are also described.
Download or read book Directed Enzyme Evolution written by Frances H. Arnold and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-02 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Directed evolution comprises two distinct steps that are typically applied in an iterative fashion: (1) generating molecular diversity and (2) finding among the ensemble of mutant sequences those proteins that perform the desired fu- tion according to the specified criteria. In many ways, the second step is the most challenging. No matter how cleverly designed or diverse the starting library, without an effective screening strategy the ability to isolate useful clones is severely diminished. The best screens are (1) high throughput, to increase the likelihood that useful clones will be found; (2) sufficiently sen- tive (i. e. , good signal to noise) to allow the isolation of lower activity clones early in evolution; (3) sufficiently reproducible to allow one to find small improvements; (4) robust, which means that the signal afforded by active clones is not dependent on difficult-to-control environmental variables; and, most importantly, (5) sensitive to the desired function. Regarding this last point, almost anyone who has attempted a directed evolution experiment has learned firsthand the truth of the dictum “you get what you screen for. ” The protocols in Directed Enzyme Evolution describe a series of detailed p- cedures of proven utility for directed evolution purposes. The volume begins with several selection strategies for enzyme evolution and continues with assay methods that can be used to screen enzyme libraries. Genetic selections offer the advantage that functional proteins can be isolated from very large libraries s- ply by growing a population of cells under selective conditions.
