Download or read book Leibniz Dissertation on Combinatorial Art written by Massimo Mugnai and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leibniz published the Dissertation on Combinatorial Art in 1666. This book contains the seeds of Leibniz's mature thought, as well as many of the mathematical ideas that he would go on to further develop after the invention of the calculus. It is in the Dissertation, for instance, that we find the project for the construction of a logical calculus clearly expressed for the first time. The idea of encoding terms and propositions by means of numbers, later developed by Kurt Gödel, also appears in this work. In this text, furthermore, Leibniz conceives the possibility of constituting a universal language or universal characteristic, a project that he would pursue for the rest of his life. Mugnai, van Ruler, and Wilson present the first full English translation of the Dissertation, complete with a critical introduction and a comprehensive commentary.
Download or read book Leibniz written by Gottfried Wilhelm Freiherr von Leibniz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a full English translation, with a critical introduction and a comprehensive commentary, of the 'Dissertation on Combinatorial Art' (1666), in which Leibniz introduces some of his most important ideas in philosophy, logic, and mathematics.
Download or read book Dissertatio de Arte Combinatoria In Qua Ex Arithmeticae Fundamentis written by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and published by Hachette Livre - Bnf. This book was released on 2012-03 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissertatio de arte combinatoria , in qua, ex arithmeticae fundamentis, complicationum ac transpositionum doctrina novis praeceptis exstruitur et usus ambarum per universum scientiarum orbem ostenditur... Autore Gottfredo Guilielmo Leibnuzio,...Date de l'edition originale : 1666Ce livre est la reproduction fidele d'une oeuvre publiee avant 1920 et fait partie d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande editee par Hachette Livre, dans le cadre d'un partenariat avec la Bibliotheque nationale de France, offrant l'opportunite d'acceder a des ouvrages anciens et souvent rares issus des fonds patrimoniaux de la BnF.Les oeuvres faisant partie de cette collection ont ete numerisees par la BnF et sont presentes sur Gallica, sa bibliotheque numerique.En entreprenant de redonner vie a ces ouvrages au travers d'une collection de livres reimprimes a la demande, nous leur donnons la possibilite de rencontrer un public elargi et participons a la transmission de connaissances et de savoirs parfois difficilement accessibles.Nous avons cherche a concilier la reproduction fidele d'un livre ancien a partir de sa version numerisee avec le souci d'un confort de lecture optimal. Nous esperons que les ouvrages de cette nouvelle collection vous apporteront entiere satisfaction.Pour plus d'informations, rendez-vous sur www.hachettebnf.frhttp://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k625780
Download or read book The Calculus Wars written by Jason Socrates Bardi and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now regarded as the bane of many college students' existence, calculus was one of the most important mathematical innovations of the seventeenth century. But a dispute over its discovery sewed the seeds of discontent between two of the greatest scientific giants of all time -- Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. Today Newton and Leibniz are generally considered the twin independent inventors of calculus, and they are both credited with giving mathematics its greatest push forward since the time of the Greeks. Had they known each other under different circumstances, they might have been friends. But in their own lifetimes, the joint glory of calculus was not enough for either and each declared war against the other, openly and in secret. This long and bitter dispute has been swept under the carpet by historians -- perhaps because it reveals Newton and Leibniz in their worst light -- but The Calculus Wars tells the full story in narrative form for the first time. This vibrant and gripping scientific potboiler ultimately exposes how these twin mathematical giants were brilliant, proud, at times mad and, in the end, completely human.
Download or read book Leibniz written by Maria Rosa Antognazza and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-06 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of all the thinkers of the century of genius that inaugurated modern philosophy, none lived an intellectual life more rich and varied than Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716). Maria Rosa Antognazza's pioneering biography provides a unified portrait of this unique thinker and the world from which he came. At the centre of the huge range of Leibniz's apparently miscellaneous endeavours, Antognazza reveals a single master project lending unity to his extraordinarily multifaceted life's work. Throughout the vicissitudes of his long life, Leibniz tenaciously pursued the dream of a systematic reform and advancement of all the sciences. As well as tracing the threads of continuity that bound these theoretical and practical activities to this all-embracing plan, this illuminating study also traces these threads back into the intellectual traditions of the Holy Roman Empire in which Leibniz lived and throughout the broader intellectual networks that linked him to patrons in countries as distant as Russia and to correspondents as far afield as China.
Download or read book Language and the Rise of the Algorithm written by Jeffrey M. Binder and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-12-07 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide-ranging history of the intellectual developments that produced the modern idea of the algorithm. Bringing together the histories of mathematics, computer science, and linguistic thought, Language and the Rise of the Algorithm reveals how recent developments in artificial intelligence are reopening an issue that troubled mathematicians long before the computer age. How do you draw the line between computational rules and the complexities of making systems comprehensible to people? Here Jeffrey M. Binder offers a compelling tour of four visions of universal computation that addressed this issue in very different ways: G. W. Leibniz's calculus ratiocinator; a universal algebra scheme Nicolas de Condorcet designed during the French Revolution; George Boole's nineteenth-century logic system; and the early programming language ALGOL, whose name is short for algorithmic language. These episodes show that symbolic computation has repeatedly become entangled in debates about the nature of communication. To what extent can meaning be controlled by individuals, like the values of a and b in algebra, and to what extent is meaning inevitably social? By attending to this long-neglected question, we come to see that the modern idea of the algorithm is implicated in a long history of attempts to maintain a disciplinary boundary separating technical knowledge from the languages people speak day to day. Machine learning, in its increasing dependence on words, now places this boundary in jeopardy, making its stakes all the more urgent to understand. The idea of the algorithm is a levee holding back the social complexity of language, and it is about to break. This book is about the flood that inspired its construction.
Download or read book Combinatorics Ancient Modern written by Robin Wilson and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-06-27 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who first presented Pascal's triangle? (It was not Pascal.) Who first presented Hamiltonian graphs? (It was not Hamilton.) Who first presented Steiner triple systems? (It was not Steiner.) The history of mathematics is a well-studied and vibrant area of research, with books and scholarly articles published on various aspects of the subject. Yet, the history of combinatorics seems to have been largely overlooked. This book goes some way to redress this and serves two main purposes: 1) it constitutes the first book-length survey of the history of combinatorics; and 2) it assembles, for the first time in a single source, researches on the history of combinatorics that would otherwise be inaccessible to the general reader. Individual chapters have been contributed by sixteen experts. The book opens with an introduction by Donald E. Knuth to two thousand years of combinatorics. This is followed by seven chapters on early combinatorics, leading from Indian and Chinese writings on permutations to late-Renaissance publications on the arithmetical triangle. The next seven chapters trace the subsequent story, from Euler's contributions to such wide-ranging topics as partitions, polyhedra, and latin squares to the 20th century advances in combinatorial set theory, enumeration, and graph theory. The book concludes with some combinatorial reflections by the distinguished combinatorialist, Peter J. Cameron. This book is not expected to be read from cover to cover, although it can be. Rather, it aims to serve as a valuable resource to a variety of audiences. Combinatorialists with little or no knowledge about the development of their subject will find the historical treatment stimulating. A historian of mathematics will view its assorted surveys as an encouragement for further research in combinatorics. The more general reader will discover an introduction to a fascinating and too little known subject that continues to stimulate and inspire the work of scholars today.
Download or read book Combinatorics A Very Short Introduction written by Robin Wilson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How many possible sudoku puzzles are there? In the lottery, what is the chance that two winning balls have consecutive numbers? Who invented Pascal's triangle? (it was not Pascal) Combinatorics, the branch of mathematics concerned with selecting, arranging, and listing or counting collections of objects, works to answer all these questions. Dating back some 3000 years, and initially consisting mainly of the study of permutations and combinations, its scope has broadened to include topics such as graph theory, partitions of numbers, block designs, design of codes, and latin squares. In this Very Short Introduction Robin Wilson gives an overview of the field and its applications in mathematics and computer theory, considering problems from the shortest routes covering certain stops to the minimum number of colours needed to colour a map with different colours for neighbouring countries. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Download or read book Monadological Intimacy written by Jeff Lambert and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2024-08-15 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monadological Intimacy: The Relational Operation of Folds in Leibniz and Deleuze analyzes and explains G.W. Leibniz’s theories of folds and relations to claim there is a common operation of inclusion inherent to both theories, an operation that produces a uniquely monadic form of intimacy. Utilizing key insights from Gilles Deleuze’s The Fold: Leibniz and the Baroque, Jeff Lambert considers the role of what is “virtual” and “ideal” for Leibniz in his theory of relations. However, Deleuze’s interpretation is not without flaws, and this book proposes an understanding of the operations of inclusion that is quite different from the view given by Deleuze in The Fold. Specifically, Lambert contends that relational inclusion has four primary “orders” that coincide with the four types of relations found across Leibniz’s oeuvre: complexion, comparison, congruence, and concurrence. Throughout each order of relations, different forms of interconnection play out through an intimate and immediate representation of the universe. Monadological Intimacy argues that the intimate and immediate representation of the universe within each monad utilizes the same operation of inclusion at work in how Leibniz describes the ideal continuum in each distinct fold of motion.
Download or read book Leibniz s Correspondence in Science Technology and Medicine 1676 1701 written by James O'Hara and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2024-08-01 with total page 1091 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leibniz’s correspondence from his years spent in Paris (1672-1676) reflects his growth to mathematical maturity whereas that from the years 1676-1701 reveals his growth to maturity in science, technology and medicine in the course of which more than 2000 letters were exchanged with more than 200 correspondents. The remaining years until his death in 1716 witnessed above all the appearance of his major philosophical works. The focus of the present work is Leibniz's middle period and the core themes and core texts from his multilingual correspondence are presented in English from the following subject areas: mathematics, natural philosophy, physics (and cosmology), power technology (including mining and transport), engineering and engineering science, projects (scientific, technological and economic projects), alchemy and chemistry, geology, biology and medicine.
Download or read book Leibniz s Metaphysics written by Christia Mercer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-11-19 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christia Mercer analyses Leibniz's early works, demonstrating that the metaphysics of pre-established harmony developed many years earlier than previously believed. A much deeper understanding of some of Leibniz's key doctrines emerges, which will prompt scholars to reconsider their basic assumptions about early modern philosophy and science.
Download or read book Leibniz Logico Philosophical Puzzles in the Law written by Alberto Artosi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents two Leibnizian writings, the Specimen of Philosophical Questions Collected from the Law and the Dissertation on Perplexing Cases. These works, originally published in 1664 and 1666, constitute, respectively, Leibniz’s thesis for the title of Master of Philosophy and his doctoral dissertation in law. Besides providing evidence of the earliest development of Leibniz’s thought and amazing anticipations of his mature views, they present a genuine intellectual interest, for the freshness and originality of Leibniz’s reflections on a striking variety of logico-philosophical puzzles drawn from the law. The Specimen addresses puzzling issues resulting from apparent conflicts between law and philosophy (the latter broadly understood as comprising also mathematics, as well as empirical sciences). The Dissertation addresses cases whose solution is puzzling because of the convoluted logical form of legal dispositions and contractual clauses, or because of conflicting priorities between concurring parties. In each case, Leibniz dissects the problems with the greatest ingenuity, disentangling their different aspects, and proposing solutions always reasonable and sometimes surprising. And he does not refrain from peppering his intellectual acrobatics with some humorous comments.
Download or read book Probability Models in Engineering and Science written by Haym Benaroya and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-06-24 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Certainty exists only in idealized models. Viewed as the quantification of uncertainties, probabilitry and random processes play a significant role in modern engineering, particularly in areas such as structural dynamics. Unlike this book, however, few texts develop applied probability in the practical manner appropriate for engineers. Probability Models in Engineering and Science provides a comprehensive, self-contained introduction to applied probabilistic modeling. The first four chapters present basic concepts in probability and random variables, and while doing so, develop methods for static problems. The remaining chapters address dynamic problems, where time is a critical parameter in the randomness. Highlights of the presentation include numerous examples and illustrations and an engaging, human connection to the subject, achieved through short biographies of some of the key people in the field. End-of-chapter problems help solidify understanding and footnotes to the literature expand the discussions and introduce relevant journals and texts. This book builds the background today's engineers need to deal explicitly with the scatter observed in experimental data and with intricate dynamic behavior. Designed for undergraduate and graduate coursework as well as self-study, the text's coverage of theory, approximation methods, and numerical methods make it equally valuable to practitioners.
Download or read book Cultures and Religions written by Rafael Barracuda and published by Smashwords. This book was released on 2024-06-04 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about Cultures, Religions and their ethics in the world, their development and their transition to a world that is becoming more and more one. All kinds of aspects of different cultures are described: The difference between race and culture, modern subcultures like e.g. the Ghotics, and immigration cultures in Europe especially of Muslims. In addition, there is a chapter on paranormal matters considered from a scientific point of view. It also describes Western, Hindu and Chinese numerology and the I Ching. Then there is a chapter on the core of Judaism, Christianity, Islam and other religions. There is a special chapter describing traditional ethnic cultures, of various Indian and African peoples and myths both from Ancient Egypt, the Gilgamesh epic, the King Gesar epic,from Tibet and Mongolia and myths from Korea, Australia and other peoples. .For example, a description of the Book of Giants is included,shedding new light on Genesis, which holds a warning for the future. Then there is a description of a possible rule of life, education and philosphy, which can take place in a globalised world. According to the author, all cultures and religions must change if they are to be part of a future multicultural, multi-religious world that has become one. For this, the bad elements must disappear from all ethnic and other cultures and the good elements must be preserved.
Download or read book Leibniz Publications on Natural Philosophy written by and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-06-22 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first volume compiling English translations of Leibniz's journal articles on natural philosophy, presenting a selection of 26 articles, only three of which have appeared before in English translation. It also includes in full Leibniz's public controversies with De Catelan, Papin, and Hartsoeker. The articles include work in optics, on the fracture strength of materials, and on motion in a resisting medium, and Leibniz's pioneering applications of his calculus to these issues by construing them as mini-max and inverse tangent problems. Other topics covered by the articles include: criticisms of the Cartesian estimate of motive force and Leibniz's proposal of a different way of estimating force to replace it; a proposed theory of celestial motions and gravitation, and derivation of the inverse square law; challenge problems concerning the isochronous curve and the catenary; a sample of work on gaming theory; and Leibniz's critique of atomism.
Download or read book On Joachim Jungius Textur Contemplatio written by Michael Friedman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-28 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers an analysis of Joachim Jungius’ Texturæ Contemplatio - a hitherto-unpublished manuscript written in German and Latin that deals with weaving, knitting and other textile practices, attempting to present as well various fabrics and textile techniques in a scientifical and even mathematical framework. The book aims to provide the epistemological, technical and historic framework for Jungius’ manuscript, inspecting fabrics, weaving techniques as well as looms and other textile machines in Holy Roman Empire during the Early Modern Period. It also offers a unique investigation of the notion and metaphor of ‘texture’ during this period, and explores, within the wider context of the ‘meeting’ or ‘trading zones’ thesis, the relations between artisans and natural philosophers during the 17th century. The book is of interest to historians of philosophy and mathematics, as well as historians of technology.
Download or read book Syllogistic Logic and Mathematical Proof written by PROF PAOLO. MUGNAI MANCOSU (PROF MASSIMO.) and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-05-18 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does syllogistic logic have the resources to capture mathematical proof? This volume provides the first unified account of the history of attempts to answer this question, the reasoning behind the different positions taken, and their far-reaching implications. Aristotle had claimed that scientific knowledge, which includes mathematics, is provided by syllogisms of a special sort: 'scientific' ('demonstrative') syllogisms. In ancient Greece and in the Middle Ages, the claim that Euclid's theorems could be recast syllogistically was accepted without further scrutiny. Nevertheless, as early as Galen, the importance of relational reasoning for mathematics had already been recognized. Further critical voices emerged in the Renaissance and the question of whether mathematical proofs could be recast syllogistically attracted more sustained attention over the following three centuries. Supported by more detailed analyses of Euclidean theorems, this led to attempts to extend logical theory to include relational reasoning, and to arguments purporting to reduce relational reasoning to a syllogistic form. Philosophical proposals to the effect that mathematical reasoning is heterogenous with respect to logical proofs were famously defended by Kant, and the implications of the debate about the adequacy of syllogistic logic for mathematics are at the very core of Kant's account of synthetic a priori judgments. While it is now widely accepted that syllogistic logic is not sufficient to account for the logic of mathematical proof, the history and the analysis of this debate, running from Aristotle to de Morgan and beyond, is a fascinating and crucial insight into the relationship between philosophy and mathematics.
