Download or read book Left Right Asymmetry in Vertebrate Development written by M.L. López-Gracia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Externally the vertebrate body plan presents a bilateral symmetry in relation to the midline. However, inside the body the distribution of the visceral organs follows a very particular pattern that is not symmetrical in relation to the midline. The last 10 years have seen remarkable advances in our understanding of how the internal asymmetries typical of the vertebrate body are established and controlled. The use of different development models has permitted to uncover fascinating ways of creating asymmetry, like the activity of the nodal cilia. A host of studies has also unravelled the involvement of many genes in the left right patterning pathway. Based on this knowledge the genetic basis of human laterality defects are beginning to be revealed. It is a major challenge now to understand how all these genes control left right development as well as the complex set of interactions established between them.
Download or read book Cell Movements written by Dennis Bray and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2001 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book vividly describes how complex and integrated movements can arise from the properties and behaviors of biological molecules. It provides a uniquely integrated account in which the latest findings from biophysics and molecular biology are put into the context of living cells. This second edition is updated throughout with recent advances in the field and has a completely revised and redrawn art program. The text is suitable for advanced undergraduates, graduate students, and for professionals wishing for an overview of this field.
Download or read book The Sea Urchin Embryo written by G. Czihak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea urchin eggs are objects of wonder for the student who sees them for the first time under the microscope. The formation of the fertil ization membrane after insemination, the beauty of mitotic cleavage, the elegant swimming of embryos, remain an esthetic pleasure even for the eyes of seasoned investigators. But sea urchin eggs have other, more practical, advantages: they lend themselves to surgical operation without difficulty and they heal perfectly; they can be obtained in very large amounts and represent thus an extremely favorable material for biochemists and molecular embryologists. It is not surprising that, in view of these exceptional advantages, sea urchin eggs have attracted the interest of innumerable biologists since O. HERTWIG discovered the fusion of the pronuclei (amphimixy), in Paracentrotus lividus, almost a century ago. The purpose of the present book is to present, in a complete and orderly fashion, the enormous amount of information which has been gathered, in the course of a hun dred years of sea urchin embryology. JOSEPH NEEDHAM, in 1930, was still able to present all that was known, at that time, on the biochemistry of all possible species of developing eggs and embryos in his famous "Chemical Embryology" (Cambridge University Press) . It would no longer be possible for one man to write a modern version of what was a "Bible" for the young embryologists of forty years ago.
Download or read book Language Lateralization and Psychosis written by Iris E. C. Sommer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-04-16 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Illustrates important fundamental aspects of cerebral lateralization, explaining how decreased language lateralization can facilitate psychotic symptoms in the human brain.
Download or read book Lateralization in the Nervous system written by Stevan Harnad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 587 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lateralization in the Nervous System reviews various aspects of lateralization in the nervous system, with emphasis on approaches such as the investigation of turning tendencies and electrocortical indices of hemispheric asymmetry. Experimental paradigms and outcomes that are applicable to both human and nonhuman species are highlighted. This book is comprised of 26 chapters and begins with an overview of functional lateralization in nonhuman species such as monkeys. Brain asymmetry is examined in context with other biological asymmetries in the quest for general mechanisms and principles of lateralization. The problem of inheritance, embryology, and development of asymmetry is also discussed from a variety of environmentalist and nativist perspectives. Highly suggestive invertebrate and avian models for lateralization are presented, along with the evidence for cerebral dominance and handedness in nonhuman species. Human clinical neuropsychological findings, such as the effects of unilateral cortical and thalamic lesions and the syndrome of unilateral neglect, are considered, together with asymmetries in perception and attention. This monograph will be of interest to psychologists (physiological, cognitive, developmental, and clinical), behavioral biologists, neuroscientists, neurologists, and psychiatrists, as well as to scholars and educators from the humanities and social sciences who are concerned with the nature and biological bases of left-right differences in brain, behavior, and thinking.
Download or read book Maternal Control of Development in Vertebrates written by Florence Louise Marlow and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eggs of all animals contain mRNAs and proteins that are supplied to or deposited in the egg as it develops during oogenesis. These maternal gene products regulate all aspects of oocyte development, and an embryo fully relies on these maternal gene products for all aspects of its early development, including fertilization, transitions between meiotic and mitotic cell cycles, and activation of its own genome. Given the diverse processes required to produce a developmentally competent egg and embryo, it is not surprising that maternal gene products are not only essential for normal embryonic development but also for fertility. This review provides an overview of fundamental aspects of oocyte and early embryonic development and the interference and genetic approaches that have provided access to maternally regulated aspects of vertebrate development. Some of the pathways and molecules highlighted in this review, in particular, Bmps, Wnts, small GTPases, cytoskeletal components, and cell cycle regulators, are well known and are essential regulators of multiple aspects of animal development, including oogenesis, early embryogenesis, organogenesis, and reproductive fitness of the adult animal. Specific examples of developmental processes under maternal control and the essential proteins will be explored in each chapter, and where known conserved aspects or divergent roles for these maternal regulators of early vertebrate development will be discussed throughout this review. Table of Contents: Introduction / Oogenesis: From Germline Stem Cells to Germline Cysts / Oocyte Polarity and the Embryonic Axes: The Balbiani Body, an Ancient Oocyte Asymmetry / Preparing Developmentally Competent Eggs / Egg Activation / Blocking Polyspermy / Cleavage/ Mitosis: Going Multicellular / Maternal-Zygotic Transition / Reprogramming: Epigenetic Modifications and Zygotic Genome Activation / Dorsal-Ventral Axis Formation before Zygotic Genome Activation in Zebrafish and Frogs / Maternal TGF-β and the Dorsal-Ventral Embryonic Axis / Maternal Control After Zygotic Genome Activation / Compensation by Stable Maternal Proteins / Maternal Contributions to Germline Establishment or Maintenance / Perspective / Acknowledgments / References
Download or read book Biological Asymmetry and Handedness written by Gregory R. Bock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the progress of leading scientists working on various aspects of handedness in order to consider the occurrence of handedness in the biological world. Provides in-depth coverage of the origin and development of morphological asymmetry occurring in most types of living organisms.
Download or read book Comparative Vertebrate Cognition written by Lesley J. Rogers and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores afresh the long-standing interest, and emphasis on, the `special' capacities of primates. Some of the recent discoveries of the higher cognitive abilities of other mammals and also birds challenge the concept that primates are special and even the view that the cognitive ability of apes is more advanced than that of nonprimate mammals and birds. It is therefore timely to ask whether primates are, in fact, special and to do so from a broad range of perspectives. Divided into five sections this book deals with topics about higher cognition and how it is manifested in different species, and also considers aspects of brain structure that might be associated with complex behavior.
Download or read book Left Right Asymmetry in Vertebrate Development written by M.L. López-Gracia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-03 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Externally the vertebrate body plan presents a bilateral symmetry in relation to the midline. However, inside the body the distribution of the visceral organs follows a very particular pattern that is not symmetrical in relation to the midline. The last 10 years have seen remarkable advances in our understanding of how the internal asymmetries typical of the vertebrate body are established and controlled. The use of different development models has permitted to uncover fascinating ways of creating asymmetry, like the activity of the nodal cilia. A host of studies has also unravelled the involvement of many genes in the left right patterning pathway. Based on this knowledge the genetic basis of human laterality defects are beginning to be revealed. It is a major challenge now to understand how all these genes control left right development as well as the complex set of interactions established between them.
Download or read book Vertebrate Pattern Formation written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-05-13 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vertebrate Pattern Formation, Volume 159 in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series, highlights advances in the field, with this volume presenting interesting chapters on timely topics, including Hox genes patterning the vertebrate body, Endodermal patterning, The use of organoids/gastruloids to understand development, Cell shape and movements controlling development, Neural crest and placodes in vertebrate development, Patterning of the neural tube, Non-canonical Wnt signaling in axial extension, The control of transitions along the main body axis, Emergence of a left-right symmetric body plan in vertebrate embryos, Formation of the vascular system, Generation of patterns in the paraxial mesoderm, and more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Current Topics in Developmental Biology series - Updated release includes the latest information on the Vertebrate Pattern Formation
Download or read book Patterning in Vertebrate Development written by Cheryll Tickle and published by Frontiers in Molecular Biology. This book was released on 2003 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Patterning in Vertebrate Development' is a new volume in the 'Frontiers in Molecular Biology' series which provides a range of comprehensive, and authoritative reviews of current research into patterning, a fundamental process in developmental biology.
Download or read book Brain Development in Drosophila melanogaster written by Gerhard Martin Technau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-08 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal model system to study processes of the central nervous system This book provides an overview of some major facets of recent research on Drosophila brain development.
Download or read book Behavioural and Morphological Asymmetries in Vertebrates written by Yegor B. Malashichev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-08-08 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume grew out of the 2nd International Symposium on Behavioral and Morphological Asymmetries, which took place in St. Petersburg (Russia) in September 2004 at the St. Petersburg State University under the patronage of the St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists. The Symposium is the descendant of a satellite event with a similar name of the 4t
Download or read book The Atlas of Mouse Development written by Matthew H. Kaufman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1992-09 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Not since the early 1970s has there been an attempt to describe and illustrate the anatomy of the developing mouse embryo. More than ever such material is needed by biologists as they begin to unravel the molecular mechanisms underlying development and differentiation. After more than ten years of painstaking work, Matt Kaufman has completed The Atlas of Mouse Development--the definitive account of mouse embryology and development. For all those researching or studying mammalian development, The Atlas of Mouse Development will be the standard reference work for many years to come. Provides a comprehensive sequential account of the development of the mouse from pre-implantation to term Contains clear and concise descriptions of the anatomical features relevant to each stage of development Large format for easy use Contains explanatory notes and legends, and more than 180 meticulously labeled plates, 1,300 photographs of individual histological sections, and 200 electron micrographs, illustrating: Intermittent serial histological sections through embryos throughout embryogenesis and organogenesis Differentiation of specific organs and organ systems, including the spinal cord, eyes, gonads, kidneys, lungs and skeletal system External appearance of intact embryos throughout development
Download or read book Divided Brains written by Lesley J. Rogers and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses brain asymmetry from four perspectives - function, evolution, development and causation - covering a wide range of species, including humans.
Download or read book Molecular Zoology written by Joan D. Ferraris and published by Wiley-Liss. This book was released on 1996-05-31 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Zoology Advances, Strategies, and Protocols Edited by Joan D. Ferraris and Stephen R. Palumbi Contemporary tools of molecular biology continue to open new areas of biological research and to provide important answers to classic problems. Zoological questions of mating strategies, physiological adaptation, genetic exchange between populations, cell lineages during development, and many others are now being powerfully addressed using tools from the molecular arsenal. To provide broad access to these tools requires an authoritative reference that highlights recent advances, lays out future strategies, and provides working protocols to a wide audience of zoological scientists. Molecular Zoology: Advances, Strategies, and Protocols outlines the core concepts of these critical molecular techniques and provides specific instructions for their use. The book is divided into two main parts: Research Strategies and Protocols. The first section features detailed descriptions of the research approaches that incorporate molecular tools in the study of developmental, physiological, ecological, and evolutionary processes. In addition to charting recent advances, this section shows how to interpret results and describes the advantages and disadvantages of alternative approaches. These chapters function as entry points to molecular zoology for broadly trained zoologists without formal molecular training, graduate students, and molecular biologists in other fields. The second section is a compilation of over 60 protocols which have been developed, tested, and perfected by leading researchers in the field. It provides step-by-step coverage of each protocol, featuring for each a summary of its underlying rationale, a list of necessary reagents and solutions, and a discussion of potential obstacles to a particular technique. Specific techniques covered in the book include: * Applications of parametric bootstrapping in molecular phylogenetics * Microsatellite analysis of genetic mating systems and genetic relatedness * Use of RAPD-PCR markers in genetic structure and genealogies * PCR-based cloning across large taxonomic distances * Cell lineage analysis using retroviral vectors * Osmoregulatory gene characterization and expression * Regulatory element identification and transcription factor analysis * Protocols for in situ hybridization, DNA footprinting, gene knockout, ribonuclease protection assay, and coupled transcription/translation reactions. Molecular Zoology: Advances, Strategies, and Protocols is an authoritative resource designed to provide both basic and in-depth explanations of molecular investigation procedures for research scientists in all areas of organismal and integrative biology, including zoology, marine biology, and ecology. With its extensive coverage of molecular protocols, graduate students in biology will also find this book to be an indispensable manual for laboratory work.
Download or read book Transient CaMK II Activation is Necessary for Left right Asymmetry in the Zebrafish Embryo written by Ludmila Francescatto and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite external bilateral symmetry, the internal organs of vertebrates are asymmetrically arranged. The development of Left-Right (LR) asymmetry is dependent on the activity of a ciliated organ known as the Kupffer's vesicle (KV) or the embryonic node, in zebrafish and mouse, respectively. Cilia beating within the KV are essential to generate a counterclockwise flow of fluid, which leads to left-sided Ca2+ elevation. Ca2+ is a crucial morphogenic second messenger during vertebrate development. Ca2+ elevation activates targets, such as CaMK-II, which is also known as the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. Studies have linked CaMK-II to secretion (mediated through synapsin I) and to bipolar spindle formation in mammalian cells, among other cellular functions. In mammals, CaMK-II is encoded by four genes: [alpha], [beta], [delta], and [gamma]. In zebrafish, like other teleost fish, gene duplication has yielded eight genes ([alpha], [alpha]KAP, [beta1, [beta]2, [delta]1, [delta]2, [gamma]1, and [gamma]2), which are transcriptionally active during the first 72 hours post fertilization (hpf). This dissertation has demonstrated that suppression of at least three of these CaMK-II genes disrupts proper LR-axis formation. In particular, knockdown of [gamma]1 and [alpha]KAP CaMK-II dramatically affects southpaw (spaw) expression in the Lateral Plate Mesoderm (LPM). Interestingly, activated CaMK-II (P-CaMK-II) appears transiently in cells on the left side of the KV following Ca2+ elevation, and prior to spaw expression in the LPM. These findings indicate a role for CaMK-II in the processing or secretion of Spaw to the left LPM. In addition, cilia length and number are diminished in all three morphants, suggesting a role for CaMK-II in the process of ciliogenesis. CaMK-II is a binding partner of Kif2C, a Kinesin 13 member. Kinesin 13 members control flagellar length in Chlamydomonas, the blue-green algae and protists. The roles of Kif2C in zebrafish have never been explored, but could potentially explain cilia shortening seen in CaMK-II morphants. Zebrafish has served as an excellent model organism for the determination of the relative contributions of calcium signaling CaMK-II and Kif2C to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of LR-axis formation.
