Download or read book Speaking of Spain written by Antonio Feros and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2017-04-03 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Momentous changes swept Spain in the fifteenth century. A royal marriage united Castile and Aragon, its two largest kingdoms. The last Muslim emirate on the Iberian Peninsula fell to Spanish Catholic armies. And conquests in the Americas were turning Spain into a great empire. Yet few in this period of flourishing Spanish power could define “Spain” concretely, or say with any confidence who were Spaniards and who were not. Speaking of Spain offers an analysis of the cultural and political forces that transformed Spain’s diverse peoples and polities into a unified nation. Antonio Feros traces evolving ideas of Spanish nationhood and Spanishness in the discourses of educated elites, who debated whether the union of Spain’s kingdoms created a single fatherland (patria) or whether Spain remained a dynastic monarchy comprised of separate nations. If a unified Spain was emerging, was it a pluralistic nation, or did “Spain” represent the imposition of the dominant Castilian culture over the rest? The presence of large communities of individuals with Muslim and Jewish ancestors and the colonization of the New World brought issues of race to the fore as well. A nascent civic concept of Spanish identity clashed with a racialist understanding that Spaniards were necessarily of pure blood and “white,” unlike converted Jews and Muslims, Amerindians, and Africans. Gradually Spaniards settled the most intractable of these disputes. By the time the liberal Constitution of Cádiz (1812) was ratified, consensus held that almost all people born in Spain’s territories, whatever their ethnicity, were Spanish.

Download or read book Nature Enlightenment and University Reforms in the Iberian Peninsula A Comparative Analysis of the Universities of Salamanca and Coimbra 1766 1820 written by and published by Dykinson. This book was released on with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The university reforms that took place in Europe throughout the 18th century were an important moment of change in the history of these institutions. In the Iberian Peninsula, this wave of reforms left its mark in Coimbra and Salamanca (later reaching the other Spanish universities). Portugal and Spain were no strangers to the motivations and even to the general lines of this wave of reforms. Inseparable from the ideas of the Enlightenment, and with a clear will to combat the backwardness and decadence of these institutions, rather ambitious projects emerged, albeit in different degrees. Coimbra faced a rather disruptive initial situation while in Salamanca later plans (1807, for example) proved to be quite ambitious as well. All having a mandatory nature, it would not be correct to say that these Universities did not participate in these processes of reform. Individually or on behalf of collective bodies, several initiatives and proposals emerged during this period in both Universities. In addition, the participation of professors in the statutes and plans that were launched since 1771 is recurrent. Beyond this aspect, it will not be forced to state that the curricular aspect was the most significant mark of these reforms. Thus, we chose to study in a comparative way subjects that sought to explain the concept of nature and its products. With the clear objective of preparing a body of technicians capable of providing a rational and effective exploitation of the various natural products, the faculties of mathematics and philosophy emerged. In the case of medicine, natural products were essential to produce medicines and in this sense the reform of this knowledge brought, among other changes, matters linked to pharmaceutical studies. In the area of law, a relevant introduction was natural law. The perception of natural law was not similar in both countries, and an evident consequence was the greater instability of this chair in Salamanca. Inseparable from the curricular aspects was the adoption of foreign compendia and the encouragement given to the teachers to write their own textbooks. The adoption of textbooks was quite similar, and clearly shows us the lines that reformers sought to follow to modernize these university institutions.

Download or read book Revista chilena de historia natural written by and published by . This book was released on 1904 with total page 1182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synergia written by Néstor Herrán and published by Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book List of Latin American History and Description in the Columbus Memorial Library written by Columbus Memorial Library and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nature and Antiquities written by Philip L. Kohl and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2014-12-04 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nature and Antiquities analyzes how the study of indigenous peoples was linked to the study of nature and natural sciences. Leading scholars break new ground and entreat archaeologists to acknowledge the importance of ways of knowing in the study of nature in the history of archaeology.

Download or read book List of Books on Latin American History and Description with Reference to Articles in Magazines in the Columbus Memorial Library written by Columbus Memorial Library and published by . This book was released on 1907 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Catalogue of Rare Books written by Angel Aparicio and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Zoological Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Zoological Record is published annually in separate sections. The first of these is Comprehensive Zoology, followed by sections recording a year's literature relating to a Phylum or Class of the Animal Kingdom. The final section contains the new genera and subgenera indexed in the volume." Each section of a volume lists the sections of that volume.

Download or read book Revista chilena de historia natural pura y aplicada written by and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Voicing Dissent in Seventeenth century Spain written by Patricia Manning and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2009 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the Spanish Inquisition looms large in many conceptions of the early modern Hispanic world, relatively few studies have been made of the Spanish state and Inquisition s approach to book censorship in the seventeenth century. Merging archival and rare book research with a case study of the fiction of Baltasar Gracián, this book argues that privileged authors, like the Jesuit Gracián, circumvented publication strictures that were meant to ensure that printed materials conformed to the standards of Catholicism and supported the goals of the absolute monarchy. In contrast to some elite authors who composed readily transparent critiques of authorities and encountered difficulties with the state and Inquisition, others, like Gracián, made their criticisms covertly in complicated texts like El Criticón.

Download or read book The Zoological Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 2392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes the world's zoological and animal science literature, covering all research from biochemistry to veterinary medicine. The database provides a collection of references from over 4,500 international serial publications, plus books, meetings, reviews and other no- serial literature from over 100 countries. It is the oldest continuing database of animal biology, indexing literature published from 1864 to the present. Zoological Record has long been recognized as the "unofficial register" for taxonomy and systematics, but other topics in animal biology are also covered.

Download or read book Bolet n written by Instituto Geográfico Argentino and published by . This book was released on 1891 with total page 1158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A General History of the Dichleamydeous Plants Arranged According to the Natural System written by George Don and published by . This book was released on 1838 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Terra Portuguesa written by and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Earth Sciences History written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Anales de la Sociedad Espa ola de Historia Natural written by Sociedad Española de Historia Natural, Madrid and published by . This book was released on 1900 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: