Download or read book Oral Biofilms written by S. Eick and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2020-12-21 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofilms are highly organized polymicrobial communities that are embedded in an extracellular matrix and formed on natural and artificial surfaces. In the oral cavity, biofilms are formed not only on natural teeth, but also on restorative materials, prosthetic constructions, and dental implants. Oral diseases like caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, and also pulp inflammation are associated with biofilms. This publication is an up-to-date overview on oral biofilms from different clinically relevant perspectives. Experts comprising basic researchers and clinicians report on recent research relating to biofilms - from general summaries to recommendations for daily clinical work. This book covers all aspects of oral biofilms, including models used in the laboratory, biofilms in dental water unit lines, periodontal and peri-implant biofilms, caries-related biofilms, halitosis, endodontic biofilms, and Candida infections, as well as biofilms on dental materials and on orthodontic appliances. Several chapters deal with anti-biofilm therapy, from the efficacy of mechanical methods and the use of antimicrobials, to alternative concepts. This publication is particularly recommended to dental medicine students, practitioners, other oral healthcare professionals, and scientists with an interest in translational research on biofilms.
Download or read book Bacterial Biofilms written by Tony Romeo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.
Download or read book Biofilms written by Jean F. Brisou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text presents a new technique for detecting microorganisms, specifically bacteria found in all levels of the biosphere. It also discusses methods for enzymatic release of these microbes as well as their interactions in all ecosystems. Drawings and micrographs help to illustrate this concept. Part one is devoted to the mechanisms of adherence. The second part discusses microbial ecology and the bacterial population of tissues as well as both land and aquatic microbiocenoses in general. Part three specifically covers technique. What is known about the mechanisms of adherence justifies the choice of techniques suggested. Applications in areas such as nature, medicine, environmental hygiene and the food industry are discussed. The explanation of useful techniques, the author's research results, and practical application methods make this volume an essential reference tool for researchers, technicians and practitioners.
Download or read book In Vitro Biofilm Model in Calcium Alginate to Probe Antibiotic Susceptibility Assay and Microfluidics Approach to Study Mutual Microbial Interactions written by Le Hoang Phu Pham and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biofilms are found in many infections in the forms of surface-adhering aggregates on medical devices, small clumps in tissues, or even in synovial fluid. Although antibiotic resistance genes are studied and monitored in the clinic, the structural and phenotypic changes that take place in biofilms can also lead to significant changes in how bacteria respond to antibiotics. Therefore, it is important to better understand the relationship between biofilm phenotypes and resistance and develop approaches that are compatible with clinical testing. Current methods for studying antimicrobial susceptibility are mostly planktonic or planar biofilm reactors. A new type of biofilm model-three-dimensional (3D) microreactors-was developed to recreate biofilms in a microenvironment that better mimics those in vivo where bacteria tend to form surface-independent biofilms in living tissues. Furthermore, planktonic and biofilms are typically found in multi-species communities. Cooperative and competitive interactions between species, mediated by diffusible factors and physical contact, leads to highly dynamic communities that undergo changes in composition diversity and size altering the biofilm's antimicrobial susceptibility. Infections can be more severe or more difficult to treat when caused by multiple species. Interactions between species can improve the ability of one or more species to tolerate anti-microbial treatments and host defenses. A custom-made microfluidic device using biopolymer chitosan membranes that support cross-species communication was developed to probe the mutual microbial interactions. By assembling microbes in physically separated, chemically communicating populations or bringing into direct interactions in a mixed culture, in situ polymicrobial growth and biofilm morphology were qualitatively characterized and quantified.
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology written by Ian Pepper and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-10-13 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For microbiology and environmental microbiology courses, this leading textbook builds on the academic success of the previous edition by including a comprehensive and up-to-date discussion of environmental microbiology as a discipline that has grown in scope and interest in recent years. From environmental science and microbial ecology to topics in molecular genetics, this edition relates environmental microbiology to the work of a variety of life science, ecology, and environmental science investigators. The authors and editors have taken the care to highlight links between environmental microbiology and topics important to our changing world such as bioterrorism and national security with sections on practical issues such as bioremediation, waterborne pathogens, microbial risk assessment, and environmental biotechnology.WHY ADOPT THIS EDITION? New chapters on: - Urban Environmental Microbiology - Bacterial Communities in Natural Ecosystems - Global Change and Microbial Infectious Disease - Microorganisms and Bioterrorism - Extreme Environments (emphasizing the ecology of these environments) - Aquatic Environments (now devoted to its own chapter- was combined with Extreme Environments) Updates to Methodologies: - Nucleic Acid -Based Methods: microarrays, phyloarrays, real-time PCR, metagomics, and comparative genomics - Physiological Methods: stable isotope fingerprinting and functional genomics and proteomics-based approaches - Microscopic Techniques: FISH (fluorescent in situ hybridization) and atomic force microscopy - Cultural Methods: new approaches to enhanced cultivation of environmental bacteria - Environmental Sample Collection and Processing: added section on air sampling
Download or read book The Root Canal Biofilm written by Luis E. Chávez de Paz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-20 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the current state of research on the basic scientific aspects of root canal biofilm biology within a clinically applicable context. Root canal biofilms are complex polymicrobial structures adhering to the root canal surface that are formed by microorganisms invading the pulpal space of teeth, and are associated with persistent root canal infections. Concerted efforts to study root canal biofilms have been made in the past decade, resulting in the publication of observational and experimental studies that detail the morphology and biology of these structures in infected root canals. In addition to confirming that bacteria in root canals do not exist in free-floating planktonic states as previously assumed, this new information on root canal biofilm infections has provided an opportunity to re-evaluate conventional clinical protocols and improve endodontic therapeutic measures.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Biofilm Research written by Zbigniew Lewandowski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-16 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The six years that have passed since the publication of the first edition have brought significant advances in both biofilm research and biofilm engineering, which have matured to the extent that biofilm-based technologies are now being designed and implemented. As a result, many chapters have been updated and expanded with the addition of sections
Download or read book Biofilm Infections written by Thomas Bjarnsholt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will cover both the evidence for biofilms in many chronic bacterial infections as well as the problems facing these infections such as diagnostics and treatment regimes. A still increasing interest and emphasis on the sessile bacterial lifestyle biofilms has been seen since it was realized that that less than 0.1% of the total microbial biomass lives in the planktonic mode of growth. The term was coined in 1978 by Costerton et al. who defined the term biofilm for the first time.In 1993 the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) recognised that the biofilmmode of growth was relevant to microbiology. Lately many articles have been published on the clinical implications of bacterial biofilms. Both original articles and reviews concerning the biofilm problem are available.
Download or read book Urban Drainage written by J. B. Ellis and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-03-15 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Drainage: A Multilingual Glossary has been written by research engineers and scientists with substantial experience in the urban drainage field. It provides definitive descriptions of urban drainage terms in English, French, Japanese and German, giving guidance on their appropriate usage and context. The glossary also contains many diagrams, tables and technical discussions, and is a very practical tool to facilitate international technical communication in the urban drainage field. Containing well over 850 commonly-used terms in urban drainage, all expressed in a user-friendly manner, the book serves as a valuable resource for both practitioner and academic. Topics covered include: urban hydrology/hydraulics sewerage surface water runoff pollution (groundwater and surface) receiving waters ecology ecotoxicology best management practices urban water resource management Urban Drainage: A Multilingual Glossary represents an initiative of the joint IWA/IAHR Committee on Urban Drainage and has arisen out of the long-standing terminological and tautological difficulties of many terms in common usage within international urban drainage practice. It will be of great use and interest to scientists, engineers and ecologists, professionals and students working in urban hydrology/hydraulics, urban water resource management and regulation, urban planning and ecology.
Download or read book Bacterial Signal Transduction Networks and Drug Targets written by Ryutaro Utsumi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-05 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fascinating book encourages many microbiologists and students to enter the new world of signal transduction in microbiology. Over the past decade, a vast amount of exciting new information on the signal transduction pathway in bacteria has been unearthed.
Download or read book Linear scanning ATR FTIR for mapping and high throughput studies of bacterial biofilms in microfluidic channels written by Mohammad Pousti and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Le domaine de la chimie bioanalytique est en plein développement. Les tendances vers une caractérisation plus précise, une analyse à haut débit et une automatisation accrue offrent la promesse de systèmes capables de fournir des informations plus détaillées sur les systèmes biologiques vivants. Les biofilms sont répandus dans la plupart des écosystèmes. Ils peuvent être formés par la plupart des microorganismes. Les biofilms microbiens sont des communautés multicellulaires de bactéries, adhérant à une surface, entourées d'une substance polymère extracellulaire (EPM). En raison de leur origine naturelle, les biofilms bactériens sont de plus en plus étudiés et utilisés pour des applications en biocatalyse, en auto-guérison et en tant que systèmes pouvant fonctionner efficacement dans des conditions ambiantes. Les principaux facteurs qui contrôlent le développement du biofilm et ses propriétés matures sont les conditions hydrodynamiques appliquées et les concentrations en éléments nutritifs. Les propriétés mécaniques du système EPM peuvent être personnalisées en fonction de son environnement. De plus, l'existence de différents groupes chimiques fonctionnels dans le biofilm permet de piéger des molécules organiques et des ions dissous. Cette thèse porte sur le développement d'une technique permettant une flexibilité et une précision dans la croissance et la détection des biofilms de Pseudomonas sp. Bactérie CT07. Le système analytique est multimodal afin d'obtenir des informations sur les propriétés chimiques et structurelles du biofilm. À cette fin, la microscopie optique et la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR) à réflexion totale atténuée (ATR) ont été couplées dans un système analytique coordonné avec des canaux microfluidiques pour contrôler les conditions de croissance des biofilms. Pour atteindre cet objectif, un montage ATR-IR fait maison a été développé pour permettre de sonder différents emplacements au-dessus du cristal d'ATR afin d'ajouter une capacité de mesure au système situé à différents emplacements. Les différentes méthodologies développées dans cette thèse peuvent être appliquées à d'autres systèmes complexes à l'avenir. La combinaison de la microfluidique pour un contrôle de flux précis ainsi que des mesures multiplexées dans un microcanal parallèle est la clé pour obtenir des indices importants et statistiquement pertinents sur la croissance des biofilms et sur les méthodes pour les contrôler.
Download or read book Legionella 2e ed written by JARRAUD Sophie and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2011-11-01 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Il y a maintenant 35 ans que survenait la tragique épidémie de Philadelphie qui permit à Joseph McDade de désigner en janvier 1977 Legionella pneumophila comme responsable d'une nouvelle infection bactérienne, la légionellose. Depuis cette date, la bactérie n'a jamais cessé d'occuper le devant de la scène. Certaines épidémies comme celle qui a frappé Harnes dans le Pas-de-Calais lors de l'hiver 2003 a fortement marqué les esprits. Legionella, coordonné par Sophie Jarraud et Jean Freney, a été rédigé par des spécialistes de chacun des domaines abordés et propose un tour d'horizon complet du sujet depuis la description de l'épidémie de 1976 jusqu'à la prévention et le contrôle de la légionellose en passant par les moyens modernes de sa surveillance épidémiologique. Dans cette nouvelle édition, les différents éléments de la première édition (taxonomie, diagnostic, épidémiologie, relations avec l'environnement, traitement, prévention…) ont été repris et entièrement actualisés. De nouveaux chapitres ont été ajoutés ou largement augmentés en particulier ceux concernant la génomique, l'immunité, la multiplication intracellulaire des légionelles ainsi que les stratégies de mise en évidence de la sensibilité aux antibiotiques. Cet ouvrage s'adresse aux médecins, biologistes, hygiénistes, pharmaciens, épidémiologistes et, de façon plus large, à tous les acteurs concernés par la légionellose dans de nombreux domaines industriels. Il sera enfin d'une aide précieuse à tous les étudiants qui souhaitent approfondir leurs connaissances sur Legionella et les légionelloses.
Download or read book Endodontic Advances and Evidence Based Clinical Guidelines written by Hany M. A. Ahmed and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-10-11 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores recent research and innovations in the field of endodontics and provides evidence-based guidelines for contemporary dental practice Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of recent research findings and their impact on clinical practice. Using an innovative approach to the field, the book enables readers to translate the current body of knowledge on endodontic diseases and treatment into guidelines for enhancing patient care. Divided into four parts, the book first addresses new research findings and advances in technology, techniques, materials, and clinical management. In addition, it provides revised clinical guidelines for a variety of areas within the specialty, such as endodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, management of endodontic emergencies, regenerative endodontic procedures, three-dimensional imaging, and the use of systemic antibiotics. Each chapter contains numerous high-quality illustrations and clinical cases highlighting current research directions, key concepts, and new trends in clinical techniques and education. Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines: Presents the latest understanding of current literature, evidence, and clinical practice Examines new trends, treatments, and advanced diagnostic techniques in the field Covers a wide range of topics, including management of root canals, repair of perforation defects, removal of root filling materials, and alternatives to root canal treatment Endodontic Advances and Evidence-Based Clinical Guidelines is an invaluable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate dental students, general dental practitioners, endodontic specialists, researchers in the field of endodontics, and clinicians, researchers, and educators in other fields of dentistry.
Download or read book New Insights on Biofilm Antimicrobial Strategies written by Luís Melo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, the study of microbial biofilms has been gaining interest among the scientific community. These microbial communities comprise cells adhered to surfaces that are surrounded by a self-produced exopolymeric matrix that protects biofilm cells against different external stresses. Biofilms can have a negative impact on different sectors within society, namely in agriculture, food industries, and veterinary and human health. As a consequence of their metabolic state and matrix protection, biofilm cells are very difficult to tackle with antibiotics or chemical disinfectants. Due to this problem, recent advances in the development of antibiotic alternatives or complementary strategies to prevent or control biofilms have been reported. This book includes different strategies to prevent biofilm formation or to control biofilm development and includes full research articles, reviews, a communication, and a perspective.
Download or read book Endodontic Irrigation written by Bettina Basrani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the available information on bacterial disinfection in endodontics, with emphasis on the chemical treatment of root canals based on current understanding of the process of irrigation. It describes recent advances in knowledge of the chemistry associated with irrigants and delivery systems, which is of vital importance given that chemical intervention is now considered one of the most important measures in eliminating planktonic microbes and biofilms from the infected tooth. Recommendations are made regarding concentrations, exposure times and optimal sequences. Possible complications related to the use of the different solutions are highlighted, with guidance on response. In addition, clinical protocols are suggested on the basis of both clinical experience and the results of past and ongoing research. Throughout, a practical, clinically oriented approach is adopted that will assist the practitioner in ensuring successful endodontic treatment.
