Download or read book Survey of the State of the Art in Human Language Technology written by Giovanni Battista Varile and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Languages, in all their forms, are the more efficient and natural means for people to communicate. Enormous quantities of information are produced, distributed and consumed using languages. Human language technology's main purpose is to allow the use of automatic systems and tools to assist humans in producing and accessing information, to improve communication between humans, and to assist humans in communicating with machines. This book, sponsored by the Directorate General XIII of the European Union and the Information Science and Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation, USA, offers the first comprehensive overview of the human language technology field.
Download or read book Tone written by Victoria A. Fromkin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-05-10 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tone: A Linguistic Survey is a nine-chapter text that considers the phonetics and phonology of tone from both a synchronic and a diachronic point of view. The first chapters deal with the physiological and perceptual correlations of tone. These chapters also describe the interactions of tonal and nontonal features. The succeeding chapters provide the phonetic basis for phonological tonal phenomena. These topics are followed by discussions of the physical and physiological aspects of tone, the number of possible contrastive tones in a language, and a suprasegmental representation of tones based on linguistic evidence. This text also summarizes the kinds of tone rules found in languages and the important syntactic function played by tone in a number of the world's languages, particularly those in Africa. The final chapters look into the general and specific principles that constrain historical tone change. This book will prove useful to students with phonology course.
Download or read book A Survey of Language and Culture written by Michael Shaw Findlay and published by Cognella Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a survey of language and culture from an anthropological perspective. Students explore everything from the actual definition of language to language acquisition, from theoretical perspectives on language development to applied linguistics.
Download or read book Language Diversity Surveys as Agents of Change written by Joe Nicholas and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 1994 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is essential for anyone concerned with language or linguistic minorities in education. It provides a thorough and clear explanation of the background to, and issues surrounding, language diversity in British education. It will be of interest both to the expert and those seeking an introduction to the field. The study reviews and re-evaluates surveys of language diversity in British education in the context of 'action research'. The author argues that the process of surveying activity is at least as important as the data reported. Evidence for this argument is provided through original research undertaken among students and teachers in Further Education. The study includes ethnographic research into teachers' attitudes and responses to language surveys. The author offers a useful new model for surveys investigating language diversity among students or school children.
Download or read book The Five Love Languages written by Gary Chapman and published by Moody Publishers. This book was released on 2009-12-17 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marriage should be based on love, right? But does it seem as though you and your spouse are speaking two different languages? #1 New York Times bestselling author Dr. Gary Chapman guides couples in identifying, understanding, and speaking their spouse's primary love language-quality time, words of affirmation, gifts, acts of service, or physical touch. By learning the five love languages, you and your spouse will discover your unique love languages and learn practical steps in truly loving each other. Chapters are categorized by love language for easy reference, and each one ends with simple steps to express a specific language to your spouse and guide your marriage in the right direction. A newly designed love languages assessment will help you understand and strengthen your relationship. You can build a lasting, loving marriage together. Gary Chapman hosts a nationally syndicated daily radio program called A Love Language Minute that can be heard on more than 150 radio stations as well as the weekly syndicated program Building Relationships with Gary Chapman, which can both be heard on fivelovelanguages.com. The Five Love Languages is a consistent New York Times bestseller - with over 5 million copies sold and translated into 38 languages. This book is a sales phenomenon, with each year outselling the prior for 16 years running!
Download or read book A Survey of Word Accentual Patterns in the Languages of the World written by Harry van der Hulst and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2010-12-15 with total page 897 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In part I of this volume, experts on various language areas provide surveys of word stress/accent systems of as many languages in 'their' part of the world as they could lay their hands on. No preconditions (theoretical or otherwise) were set, but the authors were encouraged to use the StressTyp data in their chapters. Australian Languages (Rob Goedemans), Austronesian Languages (Ellen van Zanten, Ruben Stoel and Bert Remijsen), Papuan Languages (Ellen van Zanten and Philomena Dol), North American Languages (Keren Rice), South American Languages (Sergio Meira and Leo Wetzels), African Languages (Laura Downing), European Languages (Harry van der Hulst), Asian Languages (Harry van der Hulst and René Schiering), Middle Eastern Languages (Harry van der Hulst and Sam Hellmuth). There is an introductory chapter (Chapter 1) that will provide the reader with elementary terminology and theoretical tools to understand the variety of accentual systems that will be discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. Chapter 2 has a double function. It presents an overview of stress patterns in Australian languages, but at the same time it is intended to (re-)familiarize readers with the coding, terminology and theoretical ideas of the StressTyp database. Chapter 11 presents statistical and typological information from the StressTyp database. Part II of this volume contains 'language profiles' which are, for each of the 511 languages contained in StressTyp (in 2009), extracts from the information that is contained in the database. This volume will be of interest to people in the field of theoretical phonology and language typology. It will function as a reference work for these groups of researchers, but also, more generally, for people working on syntax and other fields of linguistics, who might wish to know certain basic facts about the distribution of word accent systems
Download or read book Introduction to Quantitative Analysis of Linguistic Survey Data written by William A. Kretzschmar (Jr.) and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1996-09-18 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Areas covered include the relation of sociolinguistics to the original concept of the Linguistic Atlas of Middle and South Atlantic States (LAMSAS), the mechanics of computerising LAMSAS, the creation of analysis categories and statistical testing.
Download or read book Old English and its Closest Relatives written by Orrin W. Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This accessible introductory reference source surveys the linguistic and cultural background of the earliest known Germanic languages and examines their similarities and differences. The Languages covered include:Gothic Old Norse Old SaxonOld English Old Low Franconian Old High German Written in a lively style, each chapter opens with a brief cultural history of the people who used the language, followed by selected authentic and translated texts and an examination of particular areas including grammar, pronunciation, lexis, dialect variation and borrowing, textual transmission, analogy and drift.
Download or read book Cognitive Linguistics A Survey of Linguistic Subfields written by Ewa Dąbrowska and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-07-08 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters provide comprehensive surveys of the major subfields of Cognitive Linguistics. Apart from phonology, construction grammar and lexical semantics, the areas of language use, language acquisition and literary discourse are comprehensively presented.
Download or read book The Sociolinguistics of Survey Translation written by Yuling Pan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-26 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sociolinguistics of Survey Translation presents an overview of challenges in survey translation, introduces a sociolinguistic framework to overcome these challenges, and demonstrates step-by-step how this framework works to guide and evaluate survey translation. Topics covered in the book include the relationship between linguistic rules, cultural norms, and social practices and their impact on survey translation, the role of orthography and semiotic symbols in translation, translation of different types of survey materials, and various stages of translation review and evaluation. This accessible book not only demonstrates how sociolinguistics can be a useful framework to address thorny survey translation problems but also provides practical and useful tools to guide survey translators and survey practitioners as they conduct and evaluate survey translations. Presenting an easy to implement yet comprehensive survey translation methodology and providing practical tools for survey translators, practitioners and students, this book is the essential guide to this fast-growing area.
Download or read book Pidgins and Creoles Volume 2 Reference Survey written by John A. Holm and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of the socio-historical development of some one hundred different pidgins and creoles.
Download or read book Practical Tools for Designing and Weighting Survey Samples written by Richard Valliant and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-16 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Survey sampling is fundamentally an applied field. The goal in this book is to put an array of tools at the fingertips of practitioners by explaining approaches long used by survey statisticians, illustrating how existing software can be used to solve survey problems, and developing some specialized software where needed. This book serves at least three audiences: (1) Students seeking a more in-depth understanding of applied sampling either through a second semester-long course or by way of a supplementary reference; (2) Survey statisticians searching for practical guidance on how to apply concepts learned in theoretical or applied sampling courses; and (3) Social scientists and other survey practitioners who desire insight into the statistical thinking and steps taken to design, select, and weight random survey samples. Several survey data sets are used to illustrate how to design samples, to make estimates from complex surveys for use in optimizing the sample allocation, and to calculate weights. Realistic survey projects are used to demonstrate the challenges and provide a context for the solutions. The book covers several topics that either are not included or are dealt with in a limited way in other texts. These areas include: sample size computations for multistage designs; power calculations related to surveys; mathematical programming for sample allocation in a multi-criteria optimization setting; nuts and bolts of area probability sampling; multiphase designs; quality control of survey operations; and statistical software for survey sampling and estimation. An associated R package, PracTools, contains a number of specialized functions for sample size and other calculations. The data sets used in the book are also available in PracTools, so that the reader may replicate the examples or perform further analyses.
Download or read book Linguistics the Cambridge Survey written by Frederick J. Newmeyer and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Equal Educational Opportunity and Nondiscrimination for Students with Limited English Proficiency written by United States Commission on Civil Rights and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report focuses on issues relating to the development and implementation of educational programs for and placement of national origin minority students identified as having limited English proficiency. It examines the present-day barriers that prevent students with limited English proficiency from having an equal opportunity to participate in educational programs. The report evaluates and analyzes the Office for Civil Rights' (OCR) implementation, compliance, and enforcement effort for Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Lau v. Nichols.
Download or read book Language Politics and Social Interaction in an Inuit Community written by Donna Patrick and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, the Inuit of Arctic Quebec have struggled to survive economically and culturally in a rapidly changing northern environment. The promotion and maintenance of Inuktitut, their native language, through language policy and Inuit control over institutions, have played a major role in this struggle. Language, Politics, and Social Interaction in an Inuit Community is a study of indigenous language maintenance in an Arctic Quebec community where four languages - Inuktitut, Cree, French, and English - are spoken. It examines the role that dominant and minority languages play in the social life of this community, linking historical analysis with an ethnographic study of face-to-face interaction and attitudes towards learning and speaking second and third languages in everyday life.
Download or read book Conversational Repair and Human Understanding written by Makoto Hayashi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans are imperfect, and problems of speaking, hearing and understanding are pervasive in ordinary interaction. This book examines the way we 'repair' and correct such problems as they arise in conversation and other forms of human interaction. The first book-length study of this topic, it brings together a team of scholars from the fields of anthropology, communication, linguistics and sociology to explore how speakers address problems in their own talk and that of others, and how the practices of repair are interwoven with non-verbal aspects of communication such as gaze and gesture, across a variety of languages. Specific chapters highlight intersections between repair and epistemics, repair and turn construction, and repair and action formation. Aimed at researchers and students in sociolinguistics, speech communication, conversation analysis and the broader human and social sciences to which they contribute - anthropology, linguistics, psychology and sociology - this book provides a state-of-the-art review of conversational repair, while charting new directions for future study.
Download or read book The Social Stratification of English in New York City written by William Labov and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-11-09 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Second edition of William Labov's groundbreaking study, in which he looks back on forty years of achievements in sociolinguistics.
