Download or read book Landscape Patterns and Grassland Plant Species Diversity in the 20th Century written by Siv Bengtsson-Lindsjö and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grassland Plant Diversity in Relation to Historical and Current Land Use written by Eva Gustavsson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About 150 years ago agriculture was drastically reformed and around 90% of the formerly vastly distributed semi-natural grasslands, i.e. unfertilised and uncultivated grasslands, have since then disappeared. Accordingly, grassland plant diversity has declined due to abandonment, changed management methods and habitat loss. Grasslands are species rich as a result of a long management history; the management providing niches for a variety of organisms. Current diversity patterns are thus a result of historical and current land use in combination. This thesis explores some of the connections between historical land use and grassland vascular plants. Two studies concerns the habitat level, i.e. local conditions for grassland plants, two studies the landscape level, i.e. habitat patches in relation to neighboring patches. In the first study, grassland plant diversity was found to be strongly correlated to 18th and 19th century land use, more so than to current land use. Furthermore, the particular sequence by which one land use changed into another from the 18th century until the mid 20th century was an important predictor of plant diversity. In the second study, detailed comparison of 18th century and current grassland management revealed that current grassland management lacks several ecological factors that the literature deems important for grassland plant reproduction. The third and the fourth study explore how plant species richness in specific grasslands is related to the surrounding landscape by studying how current, 19th and 20th century grassland connectivity and area are reflected in current species richness of grassland plants. They revealed that the response of grassland plant diversity to different fragmentation components can differ widely between two superficially similar landscapes, although historical components were important in both landscapes for explaining current diversity patterns. Moreover, the direction of livestock movement within the pre-industrial landscape appears to have been an important determinant regarding the functional connectivity between different grassland patches. Given the strong correlation between historical agricultural practices and current plant diversity patterns, this thesis discusses this diversity as a biocultural heritage. The historical aspects of grassland diversity ought to be taken into account in conservation and restoration measures.
Download or read book Rapport written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Annales Botanici Fennici written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Settlement and Farming Systems in the Early Iron Age written by Mats Widgren and published by Almqvist & Wiksell International. This book was released on 1983 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Plant Diversity Patterns and Drivers written by Qing Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-20 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biodiversity can provide a series of important ecosystem functions and ecosystem services, which meet the needs of human beings. Plants are the biological group with the highest carbon content on earth, their diversity has attracted increased attention. The interpretation of plant diversity patterns and drivers is crucial for the conservation and utilization of plant resources and is also one of the hot topics in plant science and ecology. There are already many studies on the patterns and drivers of plant diversity, including different diversity dimensions (e.g., taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional diversity) and spatial scales (different plots/sites, watershed, country, continent, and globe). The mechanisms underlying plant diversity patterns are also quite complex. For example, many hypotheses are related to contemporary climate and soil conditions, with temperature, precipitation, and soil nutrient being the most discussed drivers. In addition, paleoclimate and geological events may also have a strong legacy on current plant diversity patterns. Except for these natural factors, many anthropogenic activities, including agriculture, deforestation, grazing, urbanization, and coal mining, are also important drivers of plant diversity. These anthropogenic activities can affect plant diversity patterns not only directly, but also indirectly through their effects on habitat loss and habitat fragmentation. Therefore, the current plant diversity patterns are the result of many interacting factors and need to be interpreted from a more comprehensive perspective. This Research Topic will therefore provide a platform for sufficient communication, aiming to integrate the research from different fields and deepen the understanding of the patterns and drivers of plant diversity. We encourage the submission of theoretical and experimental studies on different plant groups, such as seed plants, ferns, mosses, and algae. Studies based on new methods and technology (such as genomics and drones) are also welcomed. We welcome the following specific topics: • Effects of historical factors (such as paleoclimate, geological events) on plant diversity; • Plant diversity that driven by contemporary climate and anthropogenic activities; • The effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on plant diversity; • New methods of research on the patterns and drivers of plant diversity.
Download or read book The Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment written by Philippus Wester and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-04 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume is the first comprehensive assessment of the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) region. It comprises important scientific research on the social, economic, and environmental pillars of sustainable mountain development and will serve as a basis for evidence-based decision-making to safeguard the environment and advance people’s well-being. The compiled content is based on the collective knowledge of over 300 leading researchers, experts and policymakers, brought together by the Hindu Kush Himalayan Monitoring and Assessment Programme (HIMAP) under the coordination of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD). This assessment was conducted between 2013 and 2017 as the first of a series of monitoring and assessment reports, under the guidance of the HIMAP Steering Committee: Eklabya Sharma (ICIMOD), Atiq Raman (Bangladesh), Yuba Raj Khatiwada (Nepal), Linxiu Zhang (China), Surendra Pratap Singh (India), Tandong Yao (China) and David Molden (ICIMOD and Chair of the HIMAP SC). This First HKH Assessment Report consists of 16 chapters, which comprehensively assess the current state of knowledge of the HKH region, increase the understanding of various drivers of change and their impacts, address critical data gaps and develop a set of evidence-based and actionable policy solutions and recommendations. These are linked to nine mountain priorities for the mountains and people of the HKH consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals. This book is a must-read for policy makers, academics and students interested in this important region and an essentially important resource for contributors to global assessments such as the IPCC reports.
Download or read book Grasslands in Europe written by Peter Veen and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2014-04-14 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grasslands are an important element of European nature. About half of Europe's endemic species depend on grasslands, whether in mountains, lowlands, river plains or coastal areas. Many grasslands originate in traditional agricultural landscapes. Modern intensification, however, brings many of these ecosystems under threat. 'Grasslands in Europe' is a tribute to these important ecosystems. It was written by an international team of grassland experts, who describe twenty-four case studies from countries in all of Europe - ranging from the grasslands of Gotland and #land (Sweden) to the Spanish Dehesa, and from the hay meadows of the British Pennine Dales to the steppes of Turkish Anatolia. Together, these case studies provide a fascinating glimpse into the various European grasslands, their value for nature, culture and agriculture, and the threats they are facing today. The accessible text as well as the rich illustrations will appeal to a wide audience. Grasslands in Europe contains a large number of stunning full-colour photographs of grassland landscapes, species and cultural history. It also contains many maps and infographics. Thematic chapters provide essential background information on topics such as grassland fauna, the history of agriculture, grassland communities, and the connection between grasslands and climate. The book also analyses the opportunities and risks of EU policy to conserve these grasslands. It offers a farmer-centred outlook to manage and to maintain the European grasslands of high nature value.
Download or read book Grasslands of the World written by Victor R. Squires and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-05 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book begins with a brief account of the extraordinary sequence of events that led to emergence of grasslands as major vegetation formations that now occupy some of the driest and hottest and the highest and coldest on earth as well as vast steppes and prairies in more temperate climes. It is the story of grasses successfully competing with forests and woodlands, aided and abetted by grazing herbivores and by humans and their use of fire as a tool. It is a story of adaptation to changing climates and the changing biophysical environments. A major focus of the book is the Palaearctic biogeographic realm that extends over some 45 million km2 and thus more than 1/3 of the terrestrial ice-free surface on Earth. It comprises extensive grasslands of different types and origin, which can be subdivided into (1) natural grasslands with (1a) steppes (climatogenic in dry climates), (1b) arctic-alpine grasslands (climatogenic in cold climates) and (1c) azonal and extrazonal grasslands (pedogenic and topogenic) as well as (2) secondary grasslands created and sustained by human activities, such as livestock grazing, mowing or burning. Grasslands of the Palaearctic do not only form a major basis for the agriculture of the region and thus its food supply, but are also crucial for other ecosystem services and host a supra proportional part of the realm’s plant and animal diversity. To reflect that suitability of grasslands for biodiversity strongly depends on their state, we apply the term High Nature Value grassland to those natural grasslands that are not degraded (in good state) and those secondary grasslands that are not intensified (semi-natural). The situation in a variety of countries where grasslands are evolving under the influence of global climate change is also considered. Case studies are presented on Southern Africa, Eastern Africa, India, China, South America, North America and Australia. The concluding chapter examines a set of themes arising from the chapters that make up the bulk of this book. The following provide a focus: recent history of grassland biomes – brief recap of current thinking and recent trends with special reference to dry grasslands in the Palearctic regions; the current status of grasslands and germplasm resources (biodiversity) – an overview; management systems that ensure sustainability; how to recover degraded grasslands; socio-economic issues and considerations in grassland management; the impacts of environmental problems in grasslands such as future climate change and intensification and the problems/prospects facing pastoralists and other grassland-based livestock producers.
Download or read book Multifunctional landscapes written by Ülo Mander and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Grazing and Conservation Management written by Michiel F. WallisDe Vries and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grazing animals enjoy an ambiguous reputation in the field of nature conservation. Livestock are often treated as a scourge, yet native large herbivores form the prime attraction of many a reserve. This book gives the first comprehensive overview of the use of grazing as a tool in conservation management. Considering in turn the ecological and historical background, the impact of grazing on community structure, management applications and future prospects, this book examines issues such as the role of herbivores as keystone species, the assessment of habitat quality and the function of scientific models in advancing grazing management. Large herbivores are shown to be potentially powerful allies in the management of nature reserves, particularly in the maintenance, enhancement or restoration of biodiversity. Grazing and Conservation Management will appeal to conservation biologists and rangeland managers, providing them with a clearer understanding of grazing and conservation management.
Download or read book Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems written by Aaron M. Ellison and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems that was published in Forests
Download or read book Plant Diversity and Distribution Patterns in Serpentine Grasslands written by Sarah Claire Elmendorf and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temporal Patterns and Mechanisms of Biodiversity Across Scales in East Asia written by Zehao Shen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biodiversity and Landscape Planning written by Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The two-year research program, "Biodiversity and Landscape Planning: Alternative Futures for the Region of Camp Pendleton, California," explores how urban growth and change in the rapidly developing area located between San Diego and Los Angeles might influence the biodiversity of the area. The study was conducted by a team of investigators from the Harvard University Graduate School of Design, Utah State University, the National Biological Service, the USDA Forest Service, The Nature Conservancy, and the Biodiversity Research Consortium, with the cooperation of the two relevant regional agencies, the San Diego Association of Governments and the Southern California Association of Governments, and Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton.
Download or read book Land Use Systems in Grassland Dominated Regions written by A. Lüscher and published by vdf Hochschulverlag AG. This book was released on 2004 with total page 1272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture, alpine, global change, nutrients, farming
Download or read book Nature Management by Grazing and Cutting written by Jan P. Janssen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
