Download or read book Landfill Research Focus written by Ernest C. Lehmann and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A landfill is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial. Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organised waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Landfills may include internal waste disposal sites as well as sites used by many producers. Many landfills are also used for other waste management purposes, such as the temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling). A landfill also may refer to ground that has been filled in with soil and rocks instead of waste materials, so that it can be used for a specific purpose, such as for building houses. Unless they are stabilised, these areas may experience severe shaking or liquefaction of the ground in a large earthquake. This book presents new research in a field which is demanding and beginning to receive society's attention.

Download or read book Landfill Research Trends written by Albert A. Velinni and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents research studies on landfills which are sites for the disposal of waste materials by burial. Historically, landfills have been the most common methods of organised waste disposal and remain so in many places around the world. Landfills may include internal waste disposal sites (where a producer of waste carries out their own waste disposal at the place of production) as well as sites used by many producers. Many landfills are also used for other waste management purposes, such as the temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or processing of waste material (sorting, treatment, or recycling). A landfill also may refer to ground that has been filled in with soil and rocks instead of waste materials, so that it can be used for a specific purpose, such as for building houses. Unless they are stabilised, these areas may experience severe shaking or liquefaction of the ground in a large earthquake. This book presents research in a field which is demanding and beginning to receive society's attention.

Download or read book Control and Treatment of Landfill Leachate for Sanitary Waste Disposal written by Aziz, Hamidi Abdul and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2015-12-02 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal is an ever-increasing problem in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries. To date, landfilling is still the preferred option for the disposal and management of MSW due to its low-cost operation. While this solution is advantageous from a cost perspective, it introduces a high level of potential pollutants which can be detrimental to the local environment. Control and Treatment of Landfill Leachate for Sanitary Waste Disposal presents research-based insights and solutions for the proper management and treatment of landfill leachate. Highlighting relevant topics on emerging technologies and treatment innovations for minimizing the environmental hazards of waste disposal, this innovative publication contributes to filling in many of the gaps that exist in the current literature available on leachate treatment. Waste authorities, solid waste management companies, landfill operators, legislators, environmentalists, graduate students, and researchers will find this publication beneficial to their professional and academic interests in the area of waste treatment and management.

Download or read book Landfill Mining written by Nils Johansson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall aim of the thesis is to examine the institutional conditions for the implementation and emergence of landfill mining. The result shows that current policy makes it difficult for landfill mining operators to find a market outlet for the exhumed material, which means that landfill mining may result in a waste disposal problem. Regulations also restrict accessibility to the material in landfills. Therefore, it has generally been municipal landfill owners that perform landfill mining operations, which directs learning processes towards solving landfill problems rather than resource recovery. Landfill mining is not, however, necessarily to be perceived as a recycling activity. It could also be understood as a remediation or mining activity. This would result in more favorable institutional conditions for landfill mining in terms of better access to the market and the material in the landfill. The regulatory framework surrounding landfills is based on a perception of landfills as a source of pollution, a problem that should be avoided, capped and closed. Extracting resources from landfills, challenges this perception and therefore results in a mismatch with the regulatory framework. On the other hand, the material in mines is typically regarded in the formal institutions as a positive occurrence. Mining activities are regarded as the backbone of the Swedish economy and therefore receive various forms of political support. This favorable regulatory framework is not available for secondary resource production. Based on the identified institutional conditions, institutional challenges are identified. The core of these challenges is a conflict between the policy goal of increased recycling and a non-toxic environment. Secondary resources are typically punished through strict requirements for marketability, while primary resources are supported through subsidies such as tax exemptions. The authorities lack capacity to manage the emergence of unconventional and complex activities such as landfill mining. The institutional arrangements that are responsible for landfills primarily perceive them as pollution, while the institutions responsible for resources, on the other hand, assume them to be found in the bedrock. The major contribution of the thesis is to go beyond the potential-oriented studies of landfill mining to instead focus on how institutions relate to landfill mining. In order to move towards a resource transition with dominant use of secondary resources a new institutional order is proposed.

Download or read book Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Technology in Japan written by Sotaro Higuchi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-19 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japan was ahead of the rest of the world when it introduced intermediate processing of municipal waste by such means as incineration in the 1960s. Owing to the small land area of the country and the difficulty in securing landfill sites, the incineration ratio of municipal combustible waste had reached 100% by the 1990s. Along with the landfill of incineration residues, proprietary technologies such as high salt leachate treatment, desalination treatment, by-product recycling, a focus on the resource of incineration residues, sea surface landfill sites, and covered type landfill sites have spread and developed since then. This book describes the introduction of incineration facilities starting in the 1960s, landfill technology, and issues arising after 1990 following the introduction of the facilities. The necessity of a total system from incineration to landfill is explained as well. The volume is a valuable resource for countries that plan to introduce intermediate processing such as incineration and for countries that are developing a waste management policy.

Download or read book Microbiology of Landfill Sites written by Eric Senior and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-29 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was originally published in 1990 and was the first text to consider the definitive fundamental science of landfill biotechnology. Since then, major research initiatives, particularly in the U.K. and South Africa, have resulted in considerable advancement in our knowledge of landfill microbiology. The Second Edition details this progress. Text considers the latest findings in landfill leachate treatment, co-disposal and fundamental microbiology. It brings together the expertise of the immediate complementary, but often disparate disciplines of soil science, environmental engineering, applied mathematics, and land reclamation and focuses on the common goal of the scientific design and management of landfill sites. The book also includes effective laboratory models and selected approaches.

Download or read book Solid Waste Landfilling written by Raffaello Cossu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid Waste Landfilling: Concepts, Processes, Technology provides information on technologies that promote stabilization and minimize environmental impacts in landfills. As the main challenges in waste management are the reduction and proper treatment of waste and the appropriate use of waste streams, the book satisfies the needs of a modern landfill, covering waste pre-treatment, in situ treatment, long-term behavior, closure, aftercare, environmental impact and sustainability. It is written for practitioners who need specific information on landfill construction and operation, but is also ideal for those concerned about the possible return of these sites to landscapes and their subsequent uses for future generations. Includes input by international contributors from a vast number of disciplines Provides worldwide approaches and technologies Showcases the interdisciplinary nature of the topic Focuses on sustainability, covering the lifecycle of landfills under the concept of minimizing environmental impact Presents knowledge of the legal framework and economic aspects of landfilling

Download or read book Buried in the Bay State written by Massachusetts Public Interest Research Group and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Waste Management Research Trends written by Toma V. Golush and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on waste management which is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, aesthetics or amenity. Waste management is also carried out to reduce the materials' effect on the environment and to recover resources from them. Waste management can involve solid, liquid or gaseous substances, with different methods and fields of expertise for each. Waste management practices differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial, producers. Management for non-hazardous residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator.

Download or read book Sustainable Practices for Landfill Design and Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-16 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid waste management is a global concern, and landfilling remains the predominant management method in most areas of the world. This book provides a comprehensive view of state-of-the-art methods to manage landfills more sustainably, drawing upon more than two decades of research, design, and operational experiences at operating sites across the world. Sustainable landfills implement one or multiple technologies to control and enhance the degradation of waste materials to realize a multitude of potential benefits during or shortly after the landfill’s operating phase. This book presents detailed approaches in the development, design, operation, and monitoring of sustainable landfills. Case studies showcasing the benefits and challenges of sustainable landfill technologies are also provided to give the reader additional context. The intent of the book is to serve as a reference guide for regulatory personnel, a practical tool for designers and engineers to build on for site-specific applications of sustainable landfill technologies, and a comprehensive resource for researchers who are continuing to explore new and better ways to more sustainably manage waste materials.

Download or read book A System Dynamics Approach to Modeling Temperature Effects in Solid Waste Landfills written by David A. Jokinen and published by . This book was released on 2001-03-01 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The amount of municipal solid waste discarded to landfills is continually increasing even with extensive recycling efforts. The need to understand the behavior of waste in landfills is increased due to the decreasing number of active landfills, communities' concern to the potential hazards associated with landfills, and companies or installations with landfills on-site need to understand landfill behavior comply with new legislation concerning design and detecting hazardous material movement of-site. This research is focused on increasing the understanding of landfill behavior by examining the effects of temperature in a landfill system. A system dynamics approach was used in this research to develop and build structure to produce landfill behavior. Two reference modes using gas generation and a basic microbial growth curve were used as verification mechanisms. Initial verification and validation were preformed in separate sections then added to Shelley's landfill model to verify that the additional temperature structure more accurately modeled landfill behavior. Results show that an equation responsive to temperature effects on microbial growth and death, more accurately depicts landfill behavior. lncreased understanding of how heat is lost from a landfill will increase the usefulness of this model. An inclusive model will help landfill operator's build and manage landfills to Optimize performance and biodegradation over the lifetime of a landfill.

Download or read book Discard Studies written by Max Liboiron and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-05-24 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An argument that social, political, and economic systems maintain power by discarding certain people, places, and things. Discard studies is an emerging field that looks at waste and wasting broadly construed. Rather than focusing on waste and trash as the primary objects of study, discard studies looks at wider systems of waste and wasting to explore how some materials, practices, regions, and people are valued or devalued, becoming dominant or disposable. In this book, Max Liboiron and Josh Lepawsky argue that social, political, and economic systems maintain power by discarding certain people, places, and things. They show how the theories and methods of discard studies can be applied in a variety of cases, many of which do not involve waste, trash, or pollution. Liboiron and Lepawsky consider the partiality of knowledge and offer a theory of scale, exploring the myth that most waste is municipal solid waste produced by consumers; discuss peripheries, centers, and power, using content moderation as an example of how dominant systems find ways to discard; and use theories of difference to show that universalism, stereotypes, and inclusion all have politics of discard and even purification—as exemplified in “inclusive” efforts to broaden the Black Lives Matter movement. Finally, they develop a theory of change by considering “wasting well,” outlining techniques, methods, and propositions for a justice-oriented discard studies that keeps power in view.

Download or read book Landfill Bioreactor Design Operation written by Timothy G. Townsend and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using biotechnology to help control landfill processes can mitigate costs, shorten the time needed to process solid waste, and ease the typical ecological damage to the land being used. This first-of-its-kind book provides regulators, designers, landfill owners, and operators with information that supports the utility of landfill bioreactors and provides design and operating criteria essential for the successful application of this technology. It pulls together laboratory, pilot, and full-scale experiences into one concise guide to designing and running municipal landfills as bioreactors. Landfill Bioreactor Design and Operation covers the history and background of landfill technology, research studies of actual bioreactor landfills, expected leachate and gas yields, specific design criteria, operation guidelines, and reuse of landfill sites to avoid having to establish new sites. For anyone looking for an alternative to large, wasteful landfill sites, this book provides a practical alternative to the problem.

Download or read book Integrated Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Traditional Air Pollutants and Economics of Three Types of Landfills written by Reza Broun and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the decreasing rate of landfilled waste due to increases in reuse and recycling, landfilling remains an enormous part of the waste industry of the United States due to population and economic growth. In addition, certain wastes are not easily recycled due to their mixed composition (i.e. a cardboard carton with a plastic lining) or their contamination (i.e. diapers). The primary goal of this research is to develop a comprehensive framework that can help and fill designers chose the best type of landfill (conventional, bioreactor, or aerobic) for a given situation based on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, traditional air pollutants and costs (internal and external). This study focuses on estimation of life cycle costs (LCC), appraisal of life cycle inventory (LCI) of air emissions, and estimation of external costs arising from environmental damages during disposal of solid waste into landfills. The study fills several gaps in the existing literature:  Several life cycle inventories of air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions have been conducted to date for landfills outside the United States. Generally, the studies focus on direct emissions from landfills. Few studies include infrastructure construction or transportation of required material for construction in the analysis. Furthermore, these international studies do not necessarily apply to US conditions. Previous studies have reported useful methodologies for assessing the economic performance of landfills and implementing landfill gas-to energy (LFGtE) projects, but they have typically not considered the role of solid waste acceptance rate and the effect of cost amortization over the lifetime of landfill. In addition, a cost function for each phase of life cycle of landfill has not been provided in the context of the US. In many studies about landfill-biogas-to energy, landfill biogas collection efficiency has been assumed to be a single value rather than a temporally weighted collection efficiency depending on the stage of landfill operation. Additionally, the combination of internal combustion engines that convert biogas to electricity have been chosen arbitrarily, so that the effect of upper and lower bounds of required rate of biogas flow entering to run such engines were not taken into account. Specific objectives of the study are:1. To develop a landfill life cycle internal cost model for all types of landfills for raw materials acquisition, construction, operation, closure and post-closure phases of 3 types of landfills (conventional, bioreactor, and aerobic). 2. For the use/operation phase of landfill-gas-to-energy systems, including fugitive methane emissions escaping through landfill covers, to determine the quantities of GHG emissions, traditional air pollutants , potential electricity generation and internal costs from LFGtE implementation in conventional and bioreactor landfills and subsequent revenue from electricity sales within a 100-year time horizon. 3. To quantify greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions for all types of landfills from landfill raw materials acquisition, construction, operation and end of life. 4. To integrate environmental damage-based external costs from GHGs and air pollutants, and internal costs estimated by LCC, for the all types of landfills. To determine the LCC associated with different types of landfills, a Landfill Life Cycle Cost model (2L2C) was developed using LCC methodology and economic elements of pre-construction and construction, operation and end of life of phases of landfill to estimate costs within estimation range defined by Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering (AACE). The range of total annual life cycle cost of a conventional landfill was found to be $25 to $43 per ton of landfilled waste based on the type of landfill and waste acceptance rate. The operational phase was responsible for the majority of the costs (40 to 50%), largely from equipment costs and, particularly for conventional landfills, from leachate treatment costs. The construction phase contributed in the range of 30% to 50%, of which the excavation costs contribute around 25-35% of the construction costs. Finally, end-of-life activities were responsible for 13 to 20% of the total annual life cycle costs, owing mainly to the final cover costs and especially post closure care for conventional landfills. To determine the quantities of GHG emissions, traditional air pollutants and potential electricity generation from conventional and bioreactor landfills during operation phase of landfill-gas-to energy ( LFGtE) system, a model was developed to incorporate environmental factors such as biogas generation, impacts of various collection efficiencies, converting the methane portion of biogas to electricity, offsetting fossil fuel based-electricity by burning recovered methane,methane oxidation through the landfill soil cover and emission inventories of biogas control devices. The average electricity production for bioreactor landfill and conventional landfill was estimated to be 4993 and 3153 MWh per million ton of waste in place. In bioreactor landfills,the annual revenue ranged from $8.50 to $24.77 per ton of waste based on acceptance rate. Also, total GHG emission in the most realistic case ranged from 168 and 371 kg CO2e per 1 t of landfilled MSW. To quantify greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions from landfill raw materials acquisition, construction, operation and end of life, the sub-stages of the construction and operational and end of life stages (including LFGtE system) of MSW landfills were identified. Using the LCI method, GHG and traditional air pollutant emissions inventories were performed for a generic "national average" landfill. The analyses revealed that construction and operation phases make up about 75% of total CO2e emissions within the entire life cycle of landfill. Manufacturing of materials for construction phase and equipment use during operational phase account for the majority of emissions to the atmosphere. To integrate environmental damage-based external costs from GHGs and air pollutants, and internal costs estimated by LCC, for the 3 types of landfills, the contributions of the emissions to external costs and internal costs over the life cycle of landfills was combined. Direct emissions from the landfilling system represented the major contributor to overall GHG emissions, whereas emissions from LCI of the landfill were determined to be responsible for nearly 2%,which is extremely low. External system costs, for a landfill with a low waste acceptance rate, did not exceed $1.35 per ton of waste. This value never went below $0.77 per ton waste for anaerobic landfill. If average LFG collection efficiency were installed in bioreactor and conventional landfills, the aerobic landfill would have more sustainable performance in terms of GHG emissions and traditional air pollutants. In the case of high LFG collection efficiency considered for bioreactor and conventional landfills, the bioreactor landfill was recognized to have the lowest total cost including Internal and external costs compared to other types of landfills.

Download or read book The Waste Crisis written by Hans Y. Tammemagi and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1999-12-16 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As populations continue to increase, society produces more and more waste. Yet it is becoming increasingly difficult to build new landfills, and the existing landfills are causing significant environmental damage. Finding solutions is not simple; the problem is enormous in size, vital in terms of its impact on the environment, and complex in scope. This book provides a vast look at solid waste management in North America and seeks solutions to the waste crisis. It describes the magnitude and complexity of the problem, focusing on municipal wastes and placing them in the perspective of other wastes such as hazardous, biochemical, and radioactive debris. It describes the components of an integrated waste management program, including recycling, composting, landfills, and waste incinerators, and it presents in detail the scientific and engineering principles underlying these technologies. To illustrate both the problems and solutions of waste management programs, the authors provide seven case histories, among them the Fresh Kills (Staten Island, New York), the East Carbon Landfill (Utah), and the Lancaster County Municipal Waste Incinerator (Pennsylvania). The Waste Crisis is unique in its attempt to analyze waste management in a broader societal context and to propose solutions based on basic principles. And by doing so, it encourages readers to challenge commonly held perceptions and to seek new and better ways of dealing with waste. As such, this book deserves a place on the bookshelf of anyone who deals with or feels the need to confront the growing problems of waste management.

Download or read book Geotechnical Engineering of Landfills written by Neil Dixon and published by Thomas Telford. This book was released on 1998-04-08 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings cover a range of issues of direct relevance to geotechnical engineers and associated disciplines working on landfill design, highlight new areas of research and practice, and provide a focus for future research and development.

Download or read book Waste Management Processing and Valorisation written by Abu Zahrim Yaser and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-12-01 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights current efforts and research on waste management, processing and valorization, particularly in Asia-Africa countries. Chapters 1–2 highlight the overview of plastic waste management and the production of waste plastic oil (WPO). Chapters 3–5 discuss the landfill characterization and application of incineration and composting for waste processing. A new achievement in adsorbent production is highlighted in Chapters 6 and 7 while Chapters 10 and 11 focus on sewage characteristic and its utilization using microalgae. Enzyme production using waste is covered by Chapters 10-12. Chapter 13-14 dedicated to the advances in production of bioenergy. The book concludes with a discussion on life cycle analysis for solid waste management (Chapter 15).