Download or read book Atmospheric and Aerosol Chemistry written by V. Faye McNeill and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian George, Barbara D’Anna, Hartmut Herrmann, Christian Weller, Veronica Vaida, D. J. Donaldson, Thorsten Bartels-Rausch, Markus Ammann - Emerging Areas in Atmospheric Photochemistry. Lisa Whalley, Daniel Stone, Dwayne Heard - New Insights into the Tropospheric Oxidation of Isoprene: Combining Field Measurements, Laboratory Studies, Chemical Modelling and Quantum Theory. Neil M. Donahue, Allen L. Robinson, Erica R. Trump, Ilona Riipinen, Jesse H. Kroll - Volatility and Aging of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol. P. A. Ariya, G. Kos, R. Mortazavi, E. D. Hudson, V. Kanthasamy, N. Eltouny, J. Sun, C. Wilde - Bio-Organic Materials in the Atmosphere and Snow: Measurement and Characterization. V. Faye McNeill, Neha Sareen, Allison N. Schwier - Surface-Active Organics in Atmospheric Aerosols.

Download or read book Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry written by and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosols are an important and a highly complex component of the Earth’s atmosphere that alter the radiative forcing and the chemical composition of the gas phase. These effects have impacts on local air quality and the global climate. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry outlines research findings to date in aerosol chemistry and advances in analytical tools used in laboratory studies for studying their surface and bulk reactivity.

Download or read book Heterogeneous and Liquid Phase Processes written by Peter Warneck and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "European Experiment on the Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents over Europe" (EUROTRAC) was established in 1986 to tackle the scientific problem and combine the expertise, knowledge and resources in Europe, in order to apply them over a large region covering the greater part of the continent. EUROTRAC is a coordinated multidisciplinary scientific research project involving field measurements, laboratory studies, instrument development and development of comprehensive computer models for the simulation of the physical and chemical processes in the lower atmosphere.

Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Stratospheric Aerosol Chemistry written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-29 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this report we summarize the results of the two sets of projects funded by the NASA grant NAG2-632, namely investigations of various thermodynamic and nucleation properties of the aqueous acid system which makes up stratospheric aerosols, and measurements of reaction probabilities directly on ice aerosols with sizes corresponding to those of polar stratospheric cloud particles. The results of these investigations are of importance for the assessment of the potential stratospheric effects of future fleets of supersonic aircraft. In particular, the results permit to better estimate the effects of increased amounts of water vapor and nitric acid (which forms from nitrogen oxides) on polar stratospheric clouds and on the chemistry induced by these clouds. Molina, Mario J. Ames Research Center NASA-CR-201407, NAS 1.26:201407 NAG2-632...

Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Aerosol Chemistry written by Ellen Coddens and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosols can impact Earth's climate and the chemistry of the atmosphere through a variety of processes and pathways. For example, atmospheric aerosols affect Earth's climate directly by scattering or absorbing solar radiation or indirectly by interacting with clouds and impacting their physiochemical properties. Aerosols are unique microenvironments, distinct from the bulk, and therefore their physiochemical properties result in differences between bulk and aerosol phase processes, such as reactivity and kinetics, acidity and interaction with light. Despite the fact that the effects of aerosols on atmospheric chemistry have been studied in previous work, there remains considerable uncertainties associated with aerosol chemistry resulting in gaps between atmospheric chemistry models and field observations. By better understanding chemical processes occurring within aerosols, as well as cloud or fog droplets, and the factors that influence them, we can help reduce some of the uncertainties in atmospheric models. This dissertation investigates sulfur oxidation chemistry in the atmosphere to better understand factors influencing the rate of oxidation and the extent of formation of inorganic sulfate. In particular, we investigated the influence of various atmospherically relevant conditions (presence of organic compounds, ionic strength, etc.) in the oxidation of inorganic S(IV), sulfite/bisulfite, to inorganic S(VI), sulfate/bisulfate, compounds in the presence and absence of transition metals. Most importantly, a new role of transition metal catalyzed formation of organosulfur compounds has been found. Furthermore, in this dissertation, the further development of the Aerosol Optical Tweezer system to study the chemistry within individual aerosols is discussed. Utilizing the Aerosol Optical Tweezer coupled with cavity enhanced Raman spectroscopy it is shown that this method can be used to investigate changes within a droplet, such as: (i) pH changes induced by coalescence with acidic aerosol; (ii) reactions within the droplet, like monitoring oxidation of S(IV) and; (iii) reaction of glyoxal with sulfite to yield organosulfur compounds. The findings presented in this dissertation can improve our understanding of the factors influencing sulfur oxidation chemistry and help to further develop a method to study the chemistry occurring within single aerosols to reduce some of the uncertainty associated with aerosol chemistry to improve atmospheric chemistry models.

Download or read book Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry written by Yue Zhang and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2022-04-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The uncertainties in the aerosol effects on radiative forcing limit our knowledge of climate change, presenting us with an important research challenge. Aerosols in Atmospheric Chemistry introduces basic concepts about the characterization, formation, and impacts of ambient aerosol particles as an introduction to graduate students new to the field. Each chapter also provides an up-to-date synopsis of the latest knowledge of aerosol particles in atmospheric chemistry.

Download or read book Heterogeneous and Liquid Phase Processes written by Peter Warneck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-02-14 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The "European Experiment on the Transport and Transformation of Environmentally Relevant Trace Constituents over Europe" (EUROTRAC) was established in 1986 to tackle the scientific problem and combine the expertise, knowledge and resources in Europe, in order to apply them over a large region covering the greater part of the continent. EUROTRAC is a coordinated multidisciplinary scientific research project involving field measurements, laboratory studies, instrument development and development of comprehensive computer models for the simulation of the physical and chemical processes in the lower atmosphere.

Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Al 2 O 3 NO x Aerosols written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the chemistry of aluminum oxide (gamma Al(2)0(3)) aerosol samples upon exposure to NO(x) (NO(x) is NO, NO(2), etc.,) gases. Static aerosol samples were generated in an aerosol chamber and studied at temperatures ranging from 298 to 183 K. Fornier-transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectroscopy was used to study the aerosol samples over time. Each aerosol was created using the same procedure. First, a reactant gas species, NO or NO(2), was added to the chamber and infrared spectra were collected over a 20-minute time interval to characterize heterogeneous reactions occurring on the chamber walls. Next, an aluminum oxide aerosol was generated by expanding powder into the chamber using nitrogen gas at high pressure. Infrared spectra were then collected at 6-minute intervals for at least 100 minutes to characterize A1(2)O(3)-NO(x) chemistry. The experiments reported on in this paper enabled a quantitative characterization of both the rate of reactant gas uptake and product formation processes to be performed. A quantitative (i.e., stoichiometric) analysis of reactant gas depletion and product gas formation enabled elementary reactions involving aluminum oxide surface hydroxyl sites and NO(x) species to be proposed. (2 tables, 2 figures, 6 refs.).

Download or read book Toxicity of Atmospheric Aerosols Methodologies Assays written by Fobang Liu and published by American Chemical Society. This book was released on 2023-06-06 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric aerosols, or particulate matter (PM), are liquid or solid particles suspended in the air. Exposure to ambient PM is associated with multiple diseases and accounts for millions of premature deaths today. Although recognized as an important public health problem, PM’s toxicity and toxicological mechanisms are yet to be understood. Various methodologies and assays (i.e., procedures to determine the composition, quantity, or quality of a substance or a mixture) have been developed or employed to understand the components and characteristics of PM that best determine its toxicity. Efforts have also been spent to study the mechanisms of cellular signaling, stress, response, and physiological change, as well as complex multi-tissue effects upon PM exposure. These assays are diverse, spanning from in vitro acellular assays (i.e., chemical assays) to in vitro cellular and in vivo assays. Given that various methodologies and assays have been developed or employed, this digital primer aims to introduce the methodologies and fundamental principles used to study atmospheric aerosols’ toxicity and emerging new techniques. A comprehensive literature review of the scientific findings using these methodologies and assays is not the focus of this primer. The target audiences are senior undergraduates or beginning graduate students unfamiliar with aerosol science and toxicity measurements. An introductory overview of atmospheric aerosols and the motivations to study their toxicity before a detailed discussion of methodologies and assays in the toxicity research of atmospheric aerosols is provided. Beyond this, Toxicity of Atmospheric Aerosols: Methodologies & Assays serves as an assembly of the various methodologies and assays used in the toxicity research of atmospheric aerosols, saving readers time compared to searching from scattered resources.

Download or read book Aerosol Science and Technology written by David S. Ensor and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2011-10-06 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol Science and Technology: History and Reviews captures an exciting slice of history in the evolution of aerosol science. It presents in-depth biographies of four leading international aerosol researchers and highlights pivotal research institutions in New York, Minnesota, and Austria. One collection of chapters reflects on the legacy of the Pasadena smog experiment, while another presents a fascinating overview of military applications and nuclear aerosols. Finally, prominent researchers offer detailed reviews of aerosol measurement, processes, experiments, and technology that changed the face of aerosol science. This volume is the third in a series and is supported by the American Association for Aerosol Research (AAAR) History Working Group, whose goal is to produce archival books from its symposiums on the history of aerosol science to ensure a lasting record. It is based on papers presented at the Third Aerosol History Symposium on September 8 and 9, 2006, in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

Download or read book The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our world is changing at an accelerating rate. The global human population has grown from 6.1 billion to 7.1 billion in the last 15 years and is projected to reach 11.2 billion by the end of the century. The distribution of humans across the globe has also shifted, with more than 50 percent of the global population now living in urban areas, compared to 29 percent in 1950. Along with these trends, increasing energy demands, expanding industrial activities, and intensification of agricultural activities worldwide have in turn led to changes in emissions that have altered the composition of the atmosphere. These changes have led to major challenges for society, including deleterious impacts on climate, human and ecosystem health. Climate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges facing society today. Air pollution is a major threat to human health, as one out of eight deaths globally is caused by air pollution. And, future food production and global food security are vulnerable to both global change and air pollution. Atmospheric chemistry research is a key part of understanding and responding to these challenges. The Future of Atmospheric Chemistry Research: Remembering Yesterday, Understanding Today, Anticipating Tomorrow summarizes the rationale and need for supporting a comprehensive U.S. research program in atmospheric chemistry; comments on the broad trends in laboratory, field, satellite, and modeling studies of atmospheric chemistry; determines the priority areas of research for advancing the basic science of atmospheric chemistry; and identifies the highest priority needs for improvements in the research infrastructure to address those priority research topics. This report describes the scientific advances over the past decade in six core areas of atmospheric chemistry: emissions, chemical transformation, oxidants, atmospheric dynamics and circulation, aerosol particles and clouds, and biogeochemical cycles and deposition. This material was developed for the NSF's Atmospheric Chemistry Program; however, the findings will be of interest to other agencies and programs that support atmospheric chemistry research.

Download or read book Atmospheric Chemistry in the Mediterranean Region written by François Dulac and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-09 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set provides an extensive review of the abundant past and recent literature on the atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean region. The books document the experience gained on the atmospheric composition over the Mediterranean basin and close areas after six decades of research, starting from early studies of radioactive aerosol fallouts and intense desert dust events in the 1960s, followed by studies of aerosols collected during oceanographic cruises in the early 1980s, and including subsequent knowledge from various surface monitoring stations, intensive campaigns, satellite climatologies, laboratory studies, as well as chemistry-transport and climate models. Through ten thematic sections, the authors examine the sources and fates of atmospheric pollutants over the Mediterranean basin and what we know about the main impacts of the regional atmospheric chemistry. This overview not only considers the full regional cycle of both aerosol and reactive gases including emissions, transport, transformations, and sinks, but also addresses their major impacts on air quality and health, on the radiative budget and climate, on marine chemistry and biogeochemistry . The volumes are an initiative from the ChArMEx project that has federated many studies on those topics in the 2010-2020decade, and update the scientific knowledge by integrating the ChArMEx and non-ChArMEx literature. The books are contributed by a large pool of well-known authors from the respective fields, mainly from France and Greece, but also from six other Mediterranean and eight non-Mediterranean countries. All Chapters have been peer-reviewed by international scientific experts in the corresponding domains. Volume 2 focuses on emissions and their sources, recent progress on chemical processes, aerosol properties, atmospheric deposition, and the impacts of air pollution on human health, regional climate and ecosystems. Recommendations for future research in these fields are finally proposed. The targeted audience is the academic community working on atmospheric chemistry and its impacts, especially teams having a special interest in the Mediterranean region, which includes many countries and institutes worldwide.

Download or read book Progress And Problems In Atmospheric Chemistry written by John R Barker and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-12-26 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric chemistry is central to understanding global changes — ozone depletion, appearance of the polar ozone holes, and compositional changes which worsen the greenhouse effect. Because of its importance, work is progressing on many fronts.This volume emphasizes the troposhere and stratosphere and has chapters on gas phase, condensed phase, and heterogeneous chemistry. Present progress is emphasized, and important future directions are also described.This book fills a need not satisfied by any others and will be popular for some years to come. It informs students and newcomers to the field of the many facets of atmospheric chemistry and can be used as a text for advanced students. It is also a valuable desk reference summarizing activities by quite a number of the most active research groups.Chapter 18 by Kolb et al. on heterogeneous chemistry is especially noteworthy because it represents a unique joint effort by several groups working on a very timely subject; they describe a conceptual framework and establish conventions which will be standard in future papers on this subject.

Download or read book Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols written by Kvetoslav R. Spurny and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until the 1980s, researchers studied and measured only the physical properties of aerosols. Since the 80s, however, interest in the physicochemcal properties of aerosols has grown tremendously. Scientists in environmental hygiene, medicine, and toxicology have recognized the importance held by the chemical composition and properties of aerosols and the interactions of inhaled, "bad" aerosols. This book offers the first comprehensive treatment of modern aerosol analytical methods, sampling and separation procedures, and environmental applications, and offers critical reviews of the latest literature. This important field has developed rapidly in the last 15 years, but until now, no book effectively summarized or analyzed the existing research. Analytical Chemistry of Aerosols reviews procedures, techniques, and trends in the measurement and analysis of atmospheric aerosols. With contributions from acknowledged, international experts, the book discusses various methods of bulk analysis, single particle analysis, and the analysis of special aerosol systems, including fibrous and bacterial aerosols.

Download or read book Laboratory Studies of Reactions of Atmospheric Gases with Components of Mineral Dust Aerosol and Research in Chemical Education written by Jennifer Dianne Schuttlefield and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Chemistry of Aerosols written by Ian Colbeck and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-03-24 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol particles are ubiquitous in the Earth’s atmosphere and are central to many environmental issues such as climate change, stratospheric ozone depletion and air quality. In urban environments, aerosol particles can affect human health through their inhalation. Atmospheric aerosols originate from naturally occurring processes, such as volcanic emissions, sea spray and mineral dust emissions, or from anthropogenic activity such as industry and combustion processes. Aerosols present pathways for reactions, transport, and deposition that would not occur in the gas phase alone. Understanding the ways in which aerosols behave, evolve, and exert these effects requires knowledge of their formation and removal mechanism, transport processes, as well as their physical and chemical characteristics. Motivated by climate change and adverse health effects of traffic-related air pollution, aerosol research has intensified over the past couple of decades, and recent scientific advances offer an improved understanding of the mechanisms and factors controlling the chemistry of atmospheric aerosols. Environmental Chemistry of Aerosols brings together the current state of knowledge of aerosol chemistry, with chapters written by international leaders in the field. It will serve as an authoritative and practical reference for scientists studying the Earth’s atmosphere and as an educational and training resource for both postgraduate students and professional atmospheric scientists.

Download or read book Aerosol Chemical Processes in the Environment written by Kvetoslav R. Spurny and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-03-23 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of the most important aerosol chemical processes involved in known scientific and technological disciplines, Aerosol Chemical Processes in the Environment serves as a handbook for aerosol chemistry. Aerosol science is interdisciplinary, interfacing with many environmental, biological and technological research fields. Aerosols and aerosol research play an important role in both basic and applied scientific and technological fields. Interdisciplinary cooperation is useful and necessary. Aerosol Chemical Processes in the Environment uses several examples to show the impact of aerosol chemistry in several different fields, mainly in basic and atmospheric research. The book describes the most important chemical processes involved in the various scientific and technological disciplines.