Download or read book Labor Redundancy in the Transport Sector written by Alice Galenson and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reducing Labor Redundancy in State owned Enterprises written by Jan Svejnar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The severity of labor redundancy has been underestimated because of difficulties in conceptualizing the issue and finding politically acceptable solutions. Schemes to reduce labor redundancy can decrease the wage bill significantly and allow fairly high compensation to the employees laid off yet still allow the government to recoup its costs in a relatively short time.
Download or read book World Development Report 1994 written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Development Report 1994 examines the link between infrastructure and development and explores ways in which developing countries can improve both the provision and the quality of infrastructure services. In recent decades, developing countries have made substantial investments in infrastructure, achieving dramatic gains for households and producers by expanding their access to services such as safe water, sanitation, electric power, telecommunications, and transport. Even more infrastructure investment and expansion are needed in order to extend the reach of services - especially to people living in rural areas and to the poor. But as this report shows, the quantity of investment cannot be the exclusive focus of policy. Improving the quality of infrastructure service also is vital. Both quantity and quality improvements are essential to modernize and diversify production, help countries compete internationally, and accommodate rapid urbanization. The report identifies the basic cause of poor past performance as inadequate institutional incentives for improving the provision of infrastructure. To promote more efficient and responsive service delivery, incentives need to be changed through commercial management, competition, and user involvement. Several trends are helping to improve the performance of infrastructure. First, innovation in technology and in the regulatory management of markets makes more diversity possible in the supply of services. Second, an evaluation of the role of government is leading to a shift from direct government provision of services to increasing private sector provision and recent experience in many countries with public-private partnerships is highlighting new ways to increase efficiency and expand services. Third, increased concern about social and environmental sustainability has heightened public interest in infrastructure design and performance.
Download or read book Restrictive Labor Practices in Seaports written by Alan S. Harding and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restrictive practices may prevent developing country seaports from benefiting from investments in containerization and bulk handling. Port loan appraisals should assess the changes needed in labor arrangements and organization-- and estimate compensation payments needed for displaced workers.
Download or read book Privatization and Labor written by Sunita Kikeri and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite its importance, labor is one of the least addressed issues in privatization. The lack of information on the employment impact of privatization has exacerbated the fears and concerns of governments and workers alike. This paper examines the effects of privatization on labor and analyzes the mechanisms that governments can use to minimize the political and social costs of labor restructuring in privatization, by drawing on the experience of mixed economies.
Download or read book Recent Developments in Inland Transport written by International Labour Organisation. Inland Transport Committee and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1991 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews trends in inland transport since the previous session in 1985. Gives information supplied by 42 governments on the effect given to conclusions and resolutions adopted at previous sessions, and includes steps taken by the ILO to meet the requests of previous meetings.
Download or read book Pricing Cost Recovery and Production Efficiency in Transport written by Rachel E. Kranton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public sector pricing policies may undermine incentives to reduce costs. Therefore measures to promote cost reduction should be part of any pricing policy reform designed to increase cost recovery.
Download or read book Institutional Options for the Provision of Infrastructure written by Christine Kessides and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explains why tough public sector reform and a sound macroeconomy are essential to sustained growth. It provides a strategy to help countries evaluate how well their governments' policies work. Decisionmakers will learn ways to build an evaluations program that can make governments more accountable and improve their performance. Some options could include making central banks independent, eliminating earmarked funds, and balancing the national budget. The author suggests which government offices should oversee and develop evaluation policies to get the best results, and explains why evaluation results must be linked with all budget decisions. He describes the political and economic environment that allows the evaluation process to develop freely. Also discussed is the role that the World Bank and other insti- tutions should play in supporting evaluation programs. The study examines how sound evaluation can lead to more consistent international policies and better international governance.
Download or read book World Bank Research Program written by World Bank and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sustainable Transport written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996-01-01 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This publication elaborates on how the specific characteristics of the different transport subsectors affect the potential for expanding the role of competitive markets. It defines the principal challenges currently faced by the transport sector as a whole as: (i) the completion of basic infrastructure networks and (ii) the provision of adequate maintenance for them. Future challenges may include: (i) increasing responsiveness to customer needs, (ii) adjusting to global trade patterns, and (iii) coping with rapid motorization. These challenges highlight the need to reform institutional and transport policy in order to support a better quality of life on a sustained basis. This book identifies some generally applicable principles and best practices as the foundation of a policy for more sustainable transport. Economic and financial sustainability requires that resources be used efficiently and that assets be maintained properly. Environmental and ecological sustainability requires that the external effects of transport be taken into account fully when public or private decisions are made that determine future development. Social sustainability requires that the benefits of improved transport reach all sections of the community. It is necessary to redefine the role of governments in the transport sector--the focus in transport policy must shift toward a market-based approach with the private sector taking on more of the responsibility for providing, operating, and financing transport services and infrastructure. The role of the government would therefore decline, but its importance as the enabler of competition and the custodian of environmental and social interests would increase. The World Bank Group's role will be to focus on institutional and policy reform; it can help governments fulfill their enabling and supervisory role in a freer transport market through more selective and focused technical assistance for building the capacity and skills needed by the public sector." -- Website.
Download or read book Railway Reform in the Central and Eastern European CEE Economics written by Philip W. Blackshaw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Techniques for Railway Restructuring written by Lee W. Huff and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document addresses how, not whether, to restructure a railway.
Download or read book Privatization written by John R. Nellis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governance, as defined by the World Bank in its 1992 report, Governance and Development, is the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources for development. The report deemed it is within the Bank's mandate to focus on the following: -the process by which authority is exercised in the management of a country's economic and social resources -the capacity of governments to design, formulate, and implement policies and discharge functions. Also available: Governance: The World Bank's Experience (ISBN 0-8213-2804-2) Stock No. 12804.
Download or read book The Contributions of Infrastructure to Economic Development written by Christine Kessides and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1993-01-01 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the linkages between infrastructure and economic development based on both formal empirical research and informal case studies. The main thesis is that economic benefits result from investments in infrastructure only to the extent that they generate a sustainable flow of services valued by consumers. Thus, an analysis of infrastructures' contributions to growth must look at the impacts of services as actually perceived, not at indirect indicators that measure only aggregate provision of infrastructure capital. The paper notes that macro and industry level research , although having its limitations, suggest a positive and statistically significant relationship between infrastructure and economic output. However the conclusions derived from this research (most of which derives from developed countries) provide little specific guidance for policy. To gain more practical insights about how infrastructure contributes to economic growth and to improved quality of life, and to understand the welfare costs of inadequate or unreliable infrastructure, it is necessary to look at microeconomic evidence. Particularly interesting illustrations of these relationships are to be found in developing countries where there is wide variance in the availability and quality of infrastructure.
Download or read book Consequences for Management and Personnel of the Restructuring of Railways written by International Labour Organisation. Sectoral Activities Programme and published by International Labour Organization. This book was released on 1993 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Rehabilitating Government written by David L. Lindauer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyzes the issues affecting income security for the elderly in both developing and industrial nations. Systems providing financial security for the old are under increasing strain throughout the world. Changing demographics have led to an increased proportion of old people in the general population. Traditional means of support for the old, such as extended families, are weakening. Meanwhile, formal systems, such as government-backed pensions, have proven unstable. For these reasons economists, policymakers, and government officials are exploring ways to address such issues as: *How to ensure financial security for the old and the best ways of paying for such security *The roles of the public and private sectors when systems are used to enhance rather than detract from economic growth. This study, the first comprehensive and global examination of old age security, addresses such issues. It identifies three functions of old age financial security programs--redistribution, saving, and insurance. It evaluates the policy options for meeting these functions using two criteria: their impact on the aged and their impact on the economy as a whole. The study suggests that financial security for the old and economic growth would be better served if governments relied on three systems: 1) A publicly managed system with mandatory participation and the limited goal of reducing poverty among the old 2) A privately managed mandatory savings system 3) A voluntary savings system. These three systems would ensure against the many risks of old age. The study concludes that a combination of different income security policies is more effective than any single approach and that all countries should begin planning for their aging populations now. A Copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press.
Download or read book Ports as Nodal Points in a Global Transport System written by A.J. Dolman and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents the report of the Pacem in Maribus Conference on Ports as Nodal Points in the Global Transport System held in Rotterdam in August 1990. Ports are one of the principal interfaces between land and sea, and the main entry and exit points in the global transport system which links the world's nations with more than 70 per cent of the Earth's surface. Discussion centred around the following themes: changes in the world economy; developments in technology; ports and the environment; ports as nodal points; the global transport system; developing countries and the cases of ports together with their roles and needs, and finally, the Port of Rotterdam. The book concludes with four recommendations concerning port management and planning, the environment, international co-operation and also suggestions concerning Africa.
