Download or read book Labile Organic Nitrogen Fractions written by Mervin St Luce and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Short-term nitrogen (N) availability in agricultural soils is derived mostly from the labile organic N pool. A better understanding of N transformation processes that occur in key labile organic N fractions is necessary to recognize their role in N cycling and their relative contribution to N mineralization. The objectives of this thesis were to (1) examine, under field conditions, the influence of preceding legume and non-legume crops on microbial biomass N (MBN), water-extractable organic N (WEON), and particulate and light fraction organic matter N (POMN, LFOMN) across five sites and how these fractions supply N to canola (Brassica napus L.), as determined from N uptake and grain yield, and (2) investigate under controlled conditions, the incorporation and turnover of crop residue N through MBN, WEON, POMN and LFOMN. Labile organic N fractions were similar regardless of preceding crop but varied across sites due to soil and climatic conditions. The POMN was the best single predictor of soil N supply (R2 = 0.56 and R2 = 0.70 for yield and N uptake, respectively). Soil N supply was related to POMN, mineral N and sand content, which explained 68% of the variation in grain yield and 71% of the variation in N uptake. Sandy-loam and clay soils were incubated for 112 d with 15N-labelled faba bean (Vicia faba, C/N ratio = 29) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L, C/N ratio = 91) residues. After 3 d, most (17-30%) of the residue 15N was recovered in the POMN, with a greater proportion of the wheat than the faba bean residue recovered in the POMN fraction. The 15N recovered in the POMN fraction after 3 d was significantly related to mineral N released after 112 d (r = 0.78, P

Download or read book Labile Organic Nitrogen Dynamics and Indicators of Mineralizable Nitrogen in Manure amended Soils written by Ben Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Organic-N applied by manure increases soil mineralizable-N pools for current and subsequent growing seasons, but the magnitude is manure type and soil texture specific, complicating the prediction of manure fertilizer-N value. The objectives of this thesis were to (1) determine manure type and soil texture effects on soil mineralizable-N, (2) evaluate labile organic-C and -N fractions as predictors of mineralizable-N and (3) quantify the temporal labile organic-N dynamics by using the soil microbial biomass, salt (0.5 M K2SO4) extractable organic-N, and particulate organic matter N as surrogates for biological, soluble and non-soluble labile organic-N. In the sandy loam soil, solid poultry litter depleted Pool I (mineralized-N in 2 wk), and in the silty clay soil, liquid dairy cattle manure increased Pool I. Pool I was a robust indicator of mineralized-N over 48-wk in sandy loam and silty clay soils. In the liquid dairy cattle manure-amended sandy loam soil, there was 7% more organic-N mineralization than liquid swine manure-amended soils (P

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture written by Fred Magdoff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-05-27 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recognition of the importance of soil organic matter (SOM) in soil health and quality is a major part of fostering a holistic, preventive approach to agricultural management. Students in agronomy, horticulture, and soil science need a textbook that emphasizes strategies for using SOM management in the prevention of chemical, biological, and physical problems. Soil Organic Matter in Sustainable Agriculture gathers key scientific reviews concerning issues that are critical for successful SOM management. This textbook contains evaluations of the types of organic soil constituents—organisms, fresh residues, and well-decomposed substances. It explores the beneficial effects of organic matter on soil and the various practices that enhance SOM. Chapters include an examination of the results of crop management practices on soil organisms, organic matter gains and losses, the significance of various SOM fractions, and the contributions of fungi and earthworms to soil quality and crop growth. Emphasizing the prevention of imbalances that lead to soil and crop problems, the text also explores the development of soils suppressive to plant diseases and pests, and relates SOM management to the supply of nutrients to crops. This book provides the essential scientific background and poses the challenging questions that students need to better understand SOM and develop improved soil and crop management systems.

Download or read book Structure and Organic Matter Storage in Agricultural Soils written by M.R. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-10-23 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils comprise the largest pool of terrestrial carbon and therefore are an important component of carbon storage in the biosphere-atmosphere system. Structure and Organic Matter Storage in Agricultural Soils explores the mechanisms and processes involved in the storage and sequestration of carbon in soils. Focusing on agricultural soils - from tropical to semi-arid types - this new book provides an in-depth look at structure, aggregation, and organic matter retention in world soils. The first two sections of the book introduce readers to the basic issues and scientific concepts, including soil structure, underlying mechanisms and processes, and the importance of agroecosystems as carbon regulators. The third section provides detailed discussions of soil aggregation and organic matter storage under various climates, soil types, and soil management practices. The fourth section addresses current strategies for enhancing organic matter storage in soil, modelling techniques, and measurement methods. Throughout the book, the importance of the soil structure-organic matter storage relationship is emphasized. Anyone involved in soil science, agriculture, agronomy, plant science, or greenhouse gas and global change studies should understand this relationship. Structure and Organic Matter Storage in Agricultural Soils provides an ideal source of information not only on the soil structure-storage relationship itself, but also on key research efforts and direct applications related to the storage of organic matter in agricultural soils.

Download or read book Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World soils contain about 1500 gigatons of organic carbon. This large carbon reserve can increase atmospheric concentrations of CO2 by soil misuse or mismanagement, or it can reverse the 'greenhouse' effect by judicious land use and proper soil management. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle describes soil processes and their effects on the global carbon cycle while relating soil properties to soil quality and potential and actual carbon reserves in the soil. In addition, this book deals with modeling the carbon cycle in soil, and with methods of soil carbon determinations.

Download or read book Advances in Understanding Soil Degradation written by Elmira Saljnikov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 789 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book informs about knowledge gain in soil and land degradation to reduce or prevent it for meeting the mission of the Sustainable Developments Goals of the United Nations. Essence, extent, monitoring methods and implications for ecosystem functioning of main soil degradation types are characterized in overview chapters and case studies. Challenges, approaches and data towards identification of degradation in the frame of improving functionality, health and multiple ecosystem services of soil are demonstrated in the studies of international expert teams. The book consists of five parts, containing 5–12 single chapters each and 36 in total. Parts are explaining (I) Concepts and Indicators, (II) Soil Erosion and Compaction, (III) Soil Contamination, (IV) Soil Carbon and Fertility Monitoring and (V) Soil Survey and Mapping of Degradation The primary audience of this book are scientists of different disciplines, decision-makers, farmers and further informed people dealing with sustainable management of soil and land.

Download or read book Humus Chemistry written by F. J. Stevenson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1994-08-16 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reference text focusing on basic organic chemistry and reactions of naturally occurring organic substances in soils. Covers pools of organic matter in soils, transformations, methods of extraction and fractionation. Section two deals primarily with the chemistry of known classes of organic compounds in soils including saccharides, lipids and constituents containing nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Section three is concerned with basic organic chemistry of humic substances, followed by the importance of organic matter associations and interactions. Contains new chapters on NMR spectroscopy, analytical pyrolysis and on chemical structures.

Download or read book The Bamboos of the World written by D. Ohrnberger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1999-01-29 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bamboos constitute one of a few select categories of plants which are taxonomically related, very rich in species and of vital economic and ecological importance. Since the early 20th century the accepted number of species of bamboos, world wide, has tripled. However, until now information was scattered through numerous, often not easily available publications. The Bamboos of the World, is the first comprehensive (taxonomic as well as horticultural) reference work that provides basic information on bamboos world wide, whether they are wild or cultivated, well-known or rather unknown. The work, based on bamboo literature, facilitates access to further data by citation and a comprehensive bibliography. Among the main data included are botanical names with synonyms, and geographical distribution of genera and species, varieties with their distinctive characters, common bamboo names, plant introductions to the West, plant size and uses. The distribution of genera is mapped. The Bamboos of the World presents a wealth of essential information in an accessible and structured manner. It gives the opportunity to check under what names, and where, relevant information on any bamboo can be found. For the researcher with management and development interests it provides a convenient means of basing bamboo resource on a sound understanding of generic and species relationships, with names that appear in earlier literature put into context. The work should prove to be invaluable for those interested in the morphology, taxonomy, distribution and cultivation of bamboos. It should support botanical, forestry, horticultural and ecological research, training and resource management.

Download or read book Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems written by James Stuart Schepers and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2008 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Review of the principles and management implications related to nitrogen in the soil-plant-water system.

Download or read book Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter Models written by David S. Powlson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter (SOM) represents a major pool of carbon within the biosphere, roughly twice than in atmospheric CO2. SOM models embody our best understanding of soil carbon dynamics and are needed to predict how global environmental change will influence soil carbon stocks. These models are also required for evaluating the likely effectiveness of different mitigation options. The first important step towards systematically evaluating the suitability of SOM models for these purposes is to test their simulations against real data. Since changes in SOM occur slowly, long-term datasets are required. This volume brings together leading SOM model developers and experimentalists to test SOM models using long-term datasets from diverse ecosystems, land uses and climatic zones within the temperate region.

Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter written by Dennis A. Hansell and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-10-02 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a complex mixture of molecules found throughout the world's oceans. It plays a key role in the export, distribution, and sequestration of carbon in the oceanic water column, posited to be a source of atmospheric climate regulation. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, focuses on the chemical constituents of DOM and its biogeochemical, biological, and ecological significance in the global ocean, and provides a single, unique source for the references, information, and informed judgments of the community of marine biogeochemists. Presented by some of the world's leading scientists, this revised edition reports on the major advances in this area and includes new chapters covering the role of DOM in ancient ocean carbon cycles, the long term stability of marine DOM, the biophysical dynamics of DOM, fluvial DOM qualities and fate, and the Mediterranean Sea. Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, Second Edition, is an extremely useful resource that helps people interested in the largest pool of active carbon on the planet (DOC) get a firm grounding on the general paradigms and many of the relevant references on this topic. Features up-to-date knowledge of DOM, including five new chapters The only published work to synthesize recent research on dissolved organic carbon in the Mediterranean Sea Includes chapters that address inputs from freshwater terrestrial DOM

Download or read book Nitrogen in Agricultural Landscape written by Lech Wojciech Szajdak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agriculture transforms the environment. The simplification of agroecosystems structure increases the hazards of leaching, wind and water erosion, and volatilization of chemicals from soil. Soil nitrogen is of interest as a major crop nutrient, but also as a potential environmental pollutant. Knowledge about the behavior of soil nitrogen is desirable in order to optimize plant growth and crop yield and to minimize environmental side effects. This book also gives information about the function of biogeochemical barriers in the form of shelterbelts, which efficiently decrease the concentrations of various forms of nitrogen in ground water.

Download or read book Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect written by John M. Kimble and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-02-06 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect focuses on proper management of soils and its effects on global change, specifically, the greenhouse effect. It contains up-to-date information on a broad range of important soil management topics, emphasizing the critical role of soil for carbon storage. Sequestration and emission of carbon and other gases are examined in various ecosystems, in both natural and managed environments, to provide a comprehensive overview. This useful reference includes chapters that address policy issues, as well as research and development priorities. The material in this volume is valuable not only to soil scientists but to the entire environmental science community.

Download or read book Soil Organic Matter and Feeding the Future written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter (SOM) is the primary determinant of soil functionality. Soil organic carbon (SOC) accounts for 50% of the SOM content, accompanied by nitrogen, phosphorus, and a range of macro and micro elements. As a dynamic component, SOM is a source of numerous ecosystem services critical to human well-being and nature conservancy. Important among these goods and services generated by SOM include moderation of climate as a source or sink of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases, storage and purification of water, a source of energy and habitat for biota (macro, meso, and micro-organisms), a medium for plant growth, cycling of elements (N, P, S, etc.), and generation of net primary productivity (NPP). The quality and quantity of NPP has direct impacts on the food and nutritional security of the growing and increasingly affluent human population. Soils of agroecosystems are depleted of their SOC reserves in comparison with those of natural ecosystems. The magnitude of depletion depends on land use and the type and severity of degradation. Soils prone to accelerated erosion can be strongly depleted of their SOC reserves, especially those in the surface layer. Therefore, conservation through restorative land use and adoption of recommended management practices to create a positive soil-ecosystem carbon budget can increase carbon stock and soil health. This volume of Advances in Soil Sciences aims to accomplish the following: Present impacts of land use and soil management on SOC dynamics Discuss effects of SOC levels on agronomic productivity and use efficiency of inputs Detail potential of soil management on the rate and cumulative amount of carbon sequestration in relation to land use and soil/crop management Deliberate the cause-effect relationship between SOC content and provisioning of some ecosystem services Relate soil organic carbon stock to soil properties and processes Establish the relationship between soil organic carbon stock with land and climate Identify controls of making soil organic carbon stock as a source or sink of CO2 Connect soil organic carbon and carbon sequestration for climate mitigation and adaptation

Download or read book The Role of Organic Matter in Modern Agriculture written by Y. Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of organic residues as a means of maintaining and increasing soil fertility is of long-standing. This tradition has been somewhat neglected since the introduc tion of mineral fertilizers at low cost. More and more farmers and scientists are now showing renewed interest in the proper and effective use of org~tnic residues, composts and other recycled organic additives. The role and function of organic amendments in modern agricultural systems have become topics of major interest in the scientific and agricultural communities. Research work on residue disposal has provided new concepts on the interaction between organic components and soils as well as new handling technologies (e. g. pelletizing of organic residues). The trend to conserve energy has led scientists to study the minimal tillage system, to find ways of replacing conventional inorganic fertilizers with natural organic prod ucts or microbial preparations, and to develop new composting methods. The drive to achieve higher yields in commercial greenhouse farming has led to a search for optimum substrates as growth media and for improved management techniques. This has led to the introduction of organic substitutes for peat, nota bly those originating from agricultural wastes. Another important aspect is the current interest in organic farming, where use of synthetic chemicals is avoided or prohibited. An increasing percentage of the population in highly developed countries is willing to pay premium prices for food produced on soils where inorganic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals have not been used.

Download or read book Labile Organic Matter written by Zhongqi He and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Because of its dynamic nature, labile organic matter is a key player in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Editors Zhongqi He and Fengchang Wu include contributions from more than 30 senior researchers and innovative junior investigators from six countries. With issue-oriented comprehensive reviews and problem-solving case studies, this collection brings together soil and aquatic scientists to provide a comprehensive understanding for managing the sources and fates of labile organic matter. A timely synthesis of recent research, this collection illustrates the remarkable range of advanced techniques and approaches for labile organic matter research. This book will serve as a valuable reference for university faculty, graduate students, soil scientists, ecologists, limnologists, marine scientists, environmental scientists, agricultural engineers, and any who work with various aspects of labile organic matter in the environment."

Download or read book Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics in Flooded Soils written by G. J. D. Kirk and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: