Download or read book La biomasa fundamentos tecnolog as y aplicaciones written by Alain Damien and published by . This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Definiciones y generalidades. 1 Compuestos orgánicos producidos por la Naturaleza.- 1.1 Producción directa de biomasa.- 1.2 Producción indirecta de biomasa.- 1.3 El carbono fósil.- 1.4 Productos intermedios. 2 Definiciones reglamentarias de la biomasa.- 2.1 Reglamentación de la Unión Europea.- 2.2 Reglamentación francesa.- 2.3 Precisiones de las Naciones Unidas.- 2.4 Legislación y normativa española. 3 Definiciones normativas de la biomasa. 4 Algunas consideraciones energéticas sobre la biomasa como fuente de energía.- Principio de las unidades de producción de biocarburante.- 4.2 La eficiencia energética hidrocarbonada. B Fuentes de biomasa. 5 Cultivos dedicados a la producción de energía.- 5.1 Cultivos agrícolas.- 5.2 Madera y bosques.- 5.3 Plantas acuáticas y algas.- 5.4 Plantas invasoras. 6 Biomasa de residuos agroforestales.- 6.1 Agricultura.- 6.2 Bosques. 7. Biomasa de residuos diversos.- 7.1 Residuos fermentables de origen doméstico.- 7.2 Lodos de depuradora (EDAR).- 7.3 Licores negros.- 7.4 Residuos de industrias agroalimentarias.- 7.5 Residuos verdes.- 7.6 Residuos de calles y mercados.- 7.7 Residuos de envases y embalajes de madera.- 7.8 Madera de construcción y de demolición.- 7.9 Residuos de las industrias de transformación de la madera. C Métodos de transformación de la biomasa en energías. 8. La combustión.- 8.1 Calderas y hogares.- 8.2 Motores y turbinas. 9. Gasificación.- 9.1 Principio.- 9.2 Empleo de la gasificación en tratamiento de la biomasa.- 9.3 Tecnologías de gasificación. 10. Pirólisis.- 10.1 Principio.- 10.2 Uso de la pirólisis en tratamiento de la biomasa.- 10.3 Tecnologías de pirólisis. 11. Torrefacción.- 11.1 Principio.- 11.2 Procedimiento de realización.- 11.3 Costes. 12. Metanización.- 12.1 Metanización y compostaje.- 12.2 Principio de la metanización.- 12.3 Reactores de metanización. 13 Fermentación alcohólica.- 13.1 Principio.- 13.2 Producción industrial de etanol en función de las plantas. 14. Biogás de los vertederos. 15. La síntesis Fischer-Tropsch.- 15.1 Antecedentes sobre el proceso.- 15.2 Uso del proceso. 16 La síntesis de metanol.- 16.1 Síntesis química actual.- 16.2 Producción derivada de la biomasa. 17 Transesterificación.- 17.1 Proceso.- 17.2 Aplicación industrial. 18 Producción de gas natural de síntesis. 19 Producción de biohidrógeno.- 19.1 Reformado.- 19.2 Síntesis enzimáticas. D Biocombustibles y biocarburantes. 20. Biocombustibles sólidos.- 20.1 Leña.- 20.2 Plaquetas forestales.- 20.3 Granulados o pellets.- 20.4 Granos cosechados.- 20.5 Cortezas.- 20.6 Aserrín y astillas.- 20.7 Biocombustibles sólidos.- 20.8 Carbón de madera.- 20.9 Paja. 21. Biocombustibles sólidos en propulsión de vehículos.- 21.1 Gas de los bosques.- 21.2 Gasauto. 22. Biocombustibles gaseosos.- 22.1 Biogás.- 22.2 Biohidrógeno.- 22.3 Bio-SNG. 23. Biocarburantes y biocombustibles líquidos.- 23.1 Etanol y ETBE.- 23.2 Metanol y MTBE.- 23.3 Butanol.- 23.4. Aceites.- 23.5 Ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos (EMAG) o ésteres metílicos de aceites vegetales (EMAV) o Diéster.- 23.6 Dimetiléter o DME.- 23.7 Pirolizados o aceites brutos de pirólisis.- 23.8 Licores negros. 24. Rendimiento comparado de los biocarburantes. E Situación de la biomasa como fuente de energía: la biomasa- energía. 25. Una reglamentación favorable.- 25.1 Producción de calor.- 25.2 Generación de electricidad.- 25.3 Producción de biocarburantes.- 25.4 Ayudas a la agricultura.- 25.5 Amortizaciones.- 25.6 Eliminación de los residuos procedentes del uso de la biomasa.- 25.7 Aspectos sanitarios de la utilización de la biomasa animal. 26. Impacto de la biomasa energía sobre la biomasa no energía.- 26.1 Biomasa y consumo de agua.- 26.2 Biomasa y producción alimentaria.- 26.3 Biomasa y materiales.- 26.4 Retorno al suelo de la materia orgánica.- 26.5 Cuidados de cultivo. 27. Aspectos negativos de la biomasa-energía.- 27.1 Reducción de la producción de gases con efecto invernadero, contestada.- 27.2 Reducción de la superficie forestal.- 27.3 Efecto de las prácticas agrícolas o forestales intensivas.- 7.4 Traslados de larga distancia de la biomasa. 28 Aspectos positivos de la biomasa-energía.- 28.1 Una nueva energía renovable disponible.- 28.2 Un combustible poco peligroso.- 28.3 Una mejora de la situación de los agricultores.- 28.4 Menor consumo de otras fuentes de energía.- 28.5 Reducción de la producción de gases con efecto invernadero.- 28.6 Un medio de tratamiento de la contaminación.
Download or read book Tecnolog as para el uso y transformaci n de biomasa energ tica written by FERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ, JESÚS and published by Ediciones Mundi-Prensa. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La biomasa constituye una fuente energética de gran interés, siendo en la actualidad el recurso renovable más utilizado en el planeta, sobre todo en sus formas tradicionales. Ello debe dar paso al desarrollo de técnicas avanzadas que permitan producir energía con elevadas prestaciones, altas eficiencias, bajas emisiones y a un coste competitivo. Algunas de estas tecnologías se encuentran ya en plena fase comercial y otras aún en desarrollo, abarcando una gran variedad de materiasprimas y de procesos que pueden usarse con fines energéticos muy diversos. El texto aporta una visión comprensiva de los métodos de conversión de la biomasa de acuerdo a los materiales empleados, las transformaciones necesarias y los productos energéticos obtenidos: procesos termoquímicos y por vía húmeda, a partir de biomasa primaria, cultivos y residuos, para producir biocombustibles y servicios energéticos de calor, electricidad y trabajo mecánico. Los autores son académicos, investigadores o profesionales expertos en cada uno de los capítulos, donde se analizan con detalle los componentes tecnológicos clave de los procesos,junto a otros aspectos relevantes: económicos, ambientales e institucionales. Por todo ello, la obra constituye una aportación de indudable interés en idioma español para introducirse, actualizarse oespecializarse en un campo tan prometedor como es la biomasa energética, sus tecnologías, productos y aplicaciones.
Download or read book Biofloc Technology written by Yoram Avnimelech and published by . This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biogas Una Bibliografia Mundial written by Centro interamericano de documentación e información agrícola (San José, Costa Rica). and published by IICA Biblioteca Venezuela. This book was released on with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Activated Carbon Adsorption written by Roop Chand Bansal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-05-24 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High surface area, a microporous structure, and a high degree of surface reactivity make activated carbons versatile adsorbents, particularly effective in the adsorption of organic and inorganic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Activated Carbon Adsorption introduces the parameters and mechanisms involved in the activated carbon adsorption
Download or read book Agricultura org nica written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Simposio Centroamericano sobre Agricultura Org nica written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excellent collection of articles on organic agriculture in the region, presented at seminar held in Costa Rica, March 6-11 of 1995.
Download or read book Aquaculture Production Systems written by James H. Tidwell and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-06-26 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaculture is an increasingly diverse industry with an ever-growing number of species cultured and production systems available to professionals. A basic understanding of production systems is vital to the successful practice of aquaculture. Published with the World Aquaculture Society, Aquaculture Production Systems captures the huge diversity of production systems used in the production of shellfish and finfish in one concise volume that allows the reader to better understand how aquaculture depends upon and interacts with its environment. The systems examined range from low input methods to super-intensive systems. Divided into five sections that each focus on a distinct family of systems, Aquaculture Production Systems serves as an excellent text to those just being introduced to aquaculture as well as being a valuable reference to well-established professionals seeking information on production methods.
Download or read book Wildlife Forensics written by Jane E. Huffman and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-12-30 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife Forensics: Methods and Applications provides an accessible and practical approach to the key areas involved in this developing subject. The book contains case studies throughout the text that take the reader from the field, to the lab analysis to the court room, giving a complete insight into the path of forensic evidence and demonstrating how current techniques can be applied to wildlife forensics. The book contains approaches that wildlife forensic investigators and laboratory technicians can employ in investigations and provides the direction and practical advice required by legal and police professionals seeking to gain the evidence needed to prosecute wildlife crimes. The book will bring together in one text various aspects of wildlife forensics, including statistics, toxicology, pathology, entomology, morphological identification, and DNA analysis. This book will be an invaluable reference and will provide investigators, laboratory technicians and students in forensic Science/conservation biology classes with practical guidance and best methods for criminal investigations applied to wildlife crime. Includes practical techniques that wildlife forensic investigators and laboratory technicians can employ in investigations. Includes case studies to illustrate various key methods and applications. Brings together diverse areas of forensic science and demonstrates their application specifically to the field of wildlife crime. Contains methodology boxes to lead readers through the processes of individual techniques. Takes an applied approach to the subject to appeal to both students of the subject and practitioners in the field. Includes a broad introduction to what is meant by 'wildlife crime', how to approach a crime scene and collect evidence and includes chapters dedicated to the key techniques utilized in wildlife investigations. Includes chapters on wildlife forensic pathology; zooanthropological techniques; biological trace evidence analysis; the importance of bitemark evidence; plant and wildlife forensics; best practices and law enforcement.
Download or read book Applications of Activated Sludge Models written by Damir Brdjanovic and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1982 the International Association on Water Pollution Research and Control (IAWPRC), as it was then called, established a Task Group on Mathematical Modelling for Design and Operation of Activated Sludge Processes. The aim of the Task Group was to create a common platform that could be used for the future development of models for COD and N removal with a minimum of complexity. As the collaborative result of the work of several modelling groups, the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) was published in 1987, exactly 25 years ago. The ASM1 can be considered as the reference model, since this model triggered the general acceptance of wastewater treatment modelling, first in the research community and later on also in practice. ASM1 has become a reference for many scientific and practical projects, and has been implemented (in some cases with modifications) in most of the commercial software available for modelling and simulation of plants for N removal. The models have grown more complex over the years, from ASM1, including N removal processes, to ASM2 (and its variations) including P removal processes, and ASM3 that corrects the deficiencies of ASM1 and is based on a metabolic approach to modelling. So far, ASM1 is the most widely applied. Applications of Activated Sludge Models has been prepared in celebration of 25 years of ASM1 and in tribute to the activated sludge modelling pioneer, the late Professor G.v.R. Marrais. It consists of a dozen of practical applications for ASM models to model development, plant optimization, extension, upgrade, retrofit and troubleshooting, carried out by the members of the Delft modelling group over the last two decades.
Download or read book Biology Productivity and Bioenergy of Timber Yielding Plants written by Maginot Ngangyo Heya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Face to the current global energy crisis, there is an urgent necessity of searching for alternatives to fossil fuels, and this book shows how timber is a promising resource for sustainable energy production. Northeast Mexico represents an important forest resource to satisfy the needs of the population in these areas. In order to harness these forest resources, technology for exploring these valuable resources must be developed. These technologies (with special reference to biology and wood technologies) are available in scattered form in a few books but there is no central, comprehensive source for practical forest scientists for adopting efficient forest management, practice, and exploration. This book deals with the characterization of the vegetation, morphology, phenological development, biomass production (leaf, litter, wood), and bioenergy of some timber-yielding species of Northeast Mexico, which will serve as a guide to study timber-yielding plants in the native vegetation of Tamaulipan thornscrub and experimental plantations. This includes morphology, vegetation cover, biomass production in terms of volume leaf biomass, litter, and volume of fire wood and timber. Special emphasis is given to the estimation of bioenergy products and chemical composition (Ph, extractable lignin, and inorganic elements). Large variations exist in vegetation cover, morphology, phenological development, biomass production of leaf and litter, volume of wood and various variable of bioenergy products among the selected species. The maximum production was found in summer and the volume of the harvestable timber was obtained in experimental plantations. This book, therefore, will serve as a practical handbook to characterize timber-yielding plants, which will help to efficiently manage forestry resources.
Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Mogens Henze and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 1881 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.
Download or read book Igap Black water flooded forests of the Amazon Basin written by Randall W. Myster and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Igapó forests are a common part of the Amazon whose ecosystems are critical to our shared human future. The introduction addresses the structure, function and dynamics of igapó forests in the Amazon basin, focusing on their uniqueness due to their high level of complexity defined as the many ways that different components of igapó forests in the Amazon basin ecosystem interact and also on how those interactions are on a higher-order compared to other tropical forests. The text then breaks down the igapó ecosystem using these sections: (1) Igapó forests over space and time, (2) Water, light and soils, (3) The carbon cycle, (4) Litter, fungi and invertebrates, (5) Vertebrates, (6) Plant population studies, (7) Plant community studies, and (8) Human impacts and management. Experts from around the world serve as chapter authors that review what is known about their specific part of the igapó ecosystem, what research they have done, and also what needs to be done in the future.
Download or read book International Governance written by Oran R. Young and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-05-31 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can the global environment be safeguarded in the absence of a world government? In the vanguard of efforts to address this critical question, Oran R. Young draws on environmental issues to explore the nature of international governance. Young's analysis invokes the distinction between "governance," a social function involving the management of interdependent individuals or groups, and "government," a set of formal organizations that makes and enforces rules.
Download or read book Water Reuse written by Metcalf & Eddy, Inc., an AECOM Company and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2007-02-05 with total page 1610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Integrated Approach to Managing the World's Water Resources Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications equips water/wastewater students, engineers, scientists, and professionals with a definitive account of the latest water reclamation, recycling, and reuse theory and practice. This landmark textbook presents an integrated approach to all aspects of water reuse _ from public health protection to water quality criteria and regulations to advanced technology to implementation issues. Filled with over 500 detailed illustrations and photographs, Water Reuse: Issues, Technology, and Applications features: In-depth coverage of cutting-edge water reclamation and reuse applications Current issues and developments in public health and environmental protection criteria, regulations, and risk management Review of current advanced treatment technologies, new developments, and practices Special emphasis on process reliability and multiple barrier concepts approach Consideration of satellite and decentralized water reuse facilities Consideration of planning and public participation of water reuse Inside This Landmark Water/Wastewater Management Tool • Water Reuse: An Introduction • Health and Environmental Concerns in Water Reuse • Technologies and Systems for Water Reclamation and Reuse • Water Reuse Applications • Implementing Water Reuse
Download or read book Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem Solver written by David Riley and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-27 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through examples and analogies, Computational Thinking for the Modern Problem Solver introduces computational thinking as part of an introductory computing course and shows how computer science concepts are applicable to other fields. It keeps the material accessible and relevant to noncomputer science majors.With numerous color figures, this class
