Download or read book Le brevet outil de la valorisation et de l innovation written by ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES and published by Lavoisier. This book was released on 2012-08-06 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La compétition internationale dans le domaine des sciences et des technologies, pilier de l'économie mondialisée, incite inévitablement à réfléchir sur les brevets d'invention, leur pratique et leur devenir. Depuis plus de 10 ans, l'Académie des sciences mène une réflexion sur les questions de propriété intellectuelle dans la recherche, ce qui l'a déjà conduite à organiser, avec l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques, cinq colloques sur ces questions, publiés dans la même collection. Le 5 juillet 2011, l'Académie des sciences et l'Académie des technologies se sont associées pour consacrer un nouveau colloque aux derniers développements du droit et de la pratique des brevets, en tant qu'outils de l'innovation et de la valorisation. Les actes de ce colloque sont consacrés dans un premier temps au droit positif des brevets d'invention et de leur valorisation. Dans un second temps, sont examinées les évolutions, positives ou négatives, que l'économie mondialisée risque de produire ou a déjà commencé de produire sur le droit actuel, de même que les réactions qu'elle suscite, ou devrait susciter, à tort ou à raison. Pour mener ces réflexions, les Académies ont fait appel aussi bien à des intervenants issus du monde de l'industrie qu'à des chercheurs et universitaires, mais également à des représentants de cabinets de brevets, de l'Office européen des brevets et de la Commission européenne. D'élément d'une stratégie d'entreprise à une stratégie d'État, le droit des brevets, souvent encore national, est confronté à cette économie mondialisée. De celle-ci découle également la multiplication des acteurs intervenant dans ce champ d'action traditionnellement restreint aux relations entre inventeurs et employeurs d'une part, brevetés et licenciés d'autre part. Le monopole accordé par le brevet est-il à remettre en cause ou doit-il être modifié du fait de cette évolution ? Autant de questions auxquelles le présent ouvrage contribue à répondre.
Download or read book Health and the Millennium Development Goals written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2005 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report, Health and the Millennium Development Goals, presents data on progress on the health goals and targets and looks beyond the numbers to analyze why improvements in health have been slow and to suggest what must be done to change this. The report points to weak and inequitable health systems as a key obstacle, including particularly a crisis in health personnel and the urgent need for sustainable health financing. Building up and strengthening health systems is vital if more progress is to be made towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Health Organization (WHO) said in a new report. Unless urgent investments are made in health systems, current rates of progress will not be sufficient to meet most of the Goals.Key Recommendations of Health in the Millennium Development Goals: To strengthen health systems and ensure they are equitable, to ensure that health is prioritized within overall development and economic policies, to develop health strategies that respond to the diverse and evolving needs of countries, to mobilize needed resources for health in poor countries, and to improve the quality of health data.
Download or read book AP French Language and Culture with Online Practice Tests Audio written by Eliane Kurbegov and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Always study with the most up-to-date prep! Look for AP French Language and Culture Premium, ISBN 9781506283937, on sale July 5, 2022. Publisher's Note: Products purchased from third-party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitles included with the product.
Download or read book D veloppement territorial durable renforcement des relations intersectorelles written by Council of Europe and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'aménagement du territoire joue un rôle important dans le renforcement des relations intersectorielles. Mais, la diversité de l'environnement, des valeurs culturelles, et des caractéristiques nationales et ethniques est un atout majeur en Europe qu'il convient de préserver et de mettre en valeur dans le contexte de la mondialisation. Il est tout aussi important de réduire les disparités entre pays, régions et communes d'Europe en matière de qualité de vie, de perspectives économiques, de prospérité et de niveau de développement. La question de l'accès aux services essentiels - accès à l'eau potable, assainissement des eaux usées, collecte et traitement des déchets, transport public, construction durable - dans ce contexte prend ici toute son importance. Ouvrage en anglais et en français.
Download or read book Une couverture sanitaire universelle pour un d veloppement durable inclusif written by Akiko Maeda and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La CSU a pour objectifs de s’assurer que tous peuvent avoir accès à des services de santé de qualité, de préserver l’ensemble des individus contre les risques à la santé publique et de protéger toutes les personnes contre l’appauvrissement attribuable à la maladie. Des pays aussi divers que le Brésil, la France, le Japon, la Thaïlande et la Turquie ont réussi à mettre en œuvre la CSU et illustrent comment ces programmes peuvent à la fois agir en tant que dispositifs essentiels d’amélioration de la santé et du bien-être de leurs citoyens et mettre en place les fondations d’une croissance économique basée sur des principes d’équité et de durabilité. L’assurance d’un accès universel à des services de santé abordables et de qualité contribuera de façon importante à l’éradication de la pauvreté extrême en 2030 et à la stimulation d’une prospérité partagée dans les pays à revenu faible et intermédiaire, où vit la majorité de la population pauvre mondiale. 'La couverture sanitaire universelle pour un développement durable inclusif' synthétise les expériences de 11 pays †“ Bangladesh, Brésil, Éthiopie, France, Ghana, Indonésie, Japon, Pérou, Thaïlande, Turquie et Vietnam †“ dans la mise en œuvre de politiques et de stratégies d’atteinte et de maintien de la CSU. Tous ces pays se sont engagés envers l’atteinte de la CSU, considérée comme une aspiration nationale clé, mais ont adopté à cet effet des approches distinctes. L’ouvrage examine les politiques de CSU de chaque pays à partir de 3 thèmes communs : (1) l’économie politique et le processus politique d’adoption, d’atteinte et de maintien de la CSU; (2) les politiques financières d’amélioration de la couverture sanitaire; et (3) les ressources humaines en santé au service des politiques d’atteinte de la CSU. Les constats tirés de ces études pays sont une source d’enseignements auxquels peuvent faire référence les pays qui aspirent à l’adoption, à l’atteinte et au maintien de la CSU. Même si la voie vers la CSU reste spécifique à chaque pays, tous peuvent profiter des expériences des autres en apprenant des différentes approches et en évitant les risques potentiels.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Market Access for Pharmaceuticals written by Eric Bouteiller and published by Anthem Press. This book was released on 2024-11-05 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ”Because at the heart of the apparent conflict between public health concerns and capitalistic interests, market access for pharmaceuticals is largely driven by political considerations, the difference with usual consumer goods being that pharmaceuticals are saving lives or years of life in good health”. If pharmaceutical companies are to innovate, they must be incentivised with prices that reflect the value of their products, and the resources and risks involved in their production. To ensure appropriate access to new drugs and treatments for patients in need around the world, affordability is key. How do we tackle this dilemma? This question is critical for all stakeholders. The development of universal health coverage puts pressure on governments to directly or indirectly control reimbursement and prices of pharmaceuticals, whereas the flow of innovations addressing infectious, chronic, and life-threatening diseases is growing constantly. This book summarizes various global approaches to solving this dilemma and explores new trends. Thanks to the ‘toolbox’ proposed by the authors, not only students but also executives from companies, payers, regulators and patients’ organizations can benefit from the supporting concepts and methods that favour greater access to pharmaceuticals.
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights written by Birgitte Andersen and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents an impressive line-up of experts in the increasingly relevant field of law and economics, an area that has particular relevance to the issue of IP rights. . . an excellent collection of cutting-edge research. . . an essential read for those interested in the economic impact of IPRs. . . a highly recommended collection. Andrés Guadamuz, Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice Intellectual property policy has been framed too commonly in terms of refining and strengthening legal rights. As intellectual property grows in scope and importance, the limitations of this narrow approach have become all too apparent. This important collection puts the policy problems in proper perspective by assembling the work of leading scholars and researchers who examine intellectual property rights in terms of how they actually work in legal, economic, and institutional contexts. Brian Kahin, University of Michigan and formerly White House Office of Science and Technology Policy, US For a long time we have thought about IPRs as a policy instrument to avoid a "tragedy of commons". The essays collected by Birgitte Andersen show that in the XXI century economy there is another, and so far underestimated, danger: a sort of "tragedy of markets" where every knowledge or cultural expression becomes privatised. This will generate a greater knowledge and culture divide, with an increased corporate dominance. Those who are afraid of the dangers of exclusion and believe that open access to science, technology and culture will lead us in a more intriguing world will find convincing arguments and explanations in this volume. Daniele Archibugi, Italian National Research Council, Italy There is a growing need to understand the role of the regulation of intellectual property rights (IPRs), in order not only to achieve economic performance, growth and sustainable development at corporate, sectoral and global levels, but also to provide a higher quality of life for communities worldwide. Intellectual Property Rights is cutting edge in addressing current debates affecting businesses, industry sectors and society today, and in focusing not only on the enabling welfare effects of IPR systems, but also on some of the possible adverse effects of IPR systems. The main areas covered in the book are: the global commons in an era of corporate dominance and privatisation of the public domain, including science, culture, and healthcare under TRIPS the rationales for IPRs, and the importance of an appropriate design of an IPR regime in achieving its objectives opening the black box of IPR offices and critically reviewing how they affect economic performance in both theory and practice coordinating the institutions (state versus sector institutions, knowledge networks, innovation systems) creating and extracting financial and non-financial value from patents and copyrights. This book challenges the existing mainstream thinking and analytical frameworks dominating the theoretical literature on IPRs within economics, management, politics, law and regulation theory. It is relevant for policymakers, business analysts, industrial and business economists, researchers and students.
Download or read book AP French Language and Culture Premium 2023 2024 3 Practice Tests Comprehensive Review Online Audio and Practice written by Eliane Kurbegov and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2022-07-05 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Be prepared for exam day with Barron’s. Trusted content from AP experts! Barron’s AP French Language and Culture includes in-depth content review and online and audio practice. It’s the only book you’ll need to be prepared for exam day. Written by Experienced Educators Learn from Barron’s--all content is written and reviewed by AP experts Build your understanding with comprehensive review tailored to the most recent exam Get a leg up with tips, strategies, and study advice for exam day--it’s like having a trusted tutor by your side Be Confident on Exam Day Sharpen your test-taking skills with 3 full-length practice tests--2 in the book and 1 more online Strengthen your knowledge with in-depth review covering all Units on the AP French Language and Culture Exam Reinforce your learning with practice by tackling the review questions at the end of each chapter Interactive Online Practice Continue your practice with a full-length practice test on Barron’s Online Learning Hub Simulate the exam experience with a timed test option Deepen your understanding with detailed answer explanations and expert advice Gain confidence with automated scoring to check your learning progress Practice by listening to spoken French with authentic audio passages for all listening comprehension exercises
Download or read book AP French Language and Culture Premium Fifth Edition Prep Book with 3 Practice Tests Comprehensive Review Online Audio and Practice written by Eliane Kurbegov and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Be prepared for exam day with Barron’s. Trusted content from AP experts! Barron’s AP French Language and Culture Premium, Fifth Edition includes in‑depth content review, practice, and online audio. It’s the only book you’ll need to be prepared for exam day. Written by Experienced Educators Learn from Barron’s‑‑all content is written and reviewed by AP experts Build your understanding with comprehensive review tailored to the most recent exam Get a leg up with tips, strategies, and study advice for exam day‑‑it’s like having a trusted tutor by your side Be Confident on Exam Day Sharpen your test‑taking skills with 3 full‑length practice tests‑‑2 in the book and 1 more online–plus detailed answer explanations for all questions Boost your confidence by reviewing helpful strategies for answering all multiple-choice question types on the exam Reinforce your learning by tackling sample reading selections and practice multiple-choice questions, all grouped by key themes and accompanied by answers and explanations Strengthen your ability to write and speak French with advice for writing email replies, and argumentative essays, carrying on a conversation, and making cultural comparisons Robust Online Audio and Practice Continue your practice with a full‑length practice test on Barron’s Online Learning Hub Simulate the exam experience with a timed test option Deepen your understanding with detailed answer explanations and expert advice Gain confidence with scoring to check your learning progress Familiarize yourself with spoken French by listening to authentic French audio passages and following along audioscripts in the book
Download or read book L exploitation des ressources g n tiques marines hors juridiction nationale written by Valérie Wyssbrod and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Exploitation of Marine Genetic Resources in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction by Valérie Wyssbrod begins by identifying the legal regime applicable to these underexploited resources which offer vast potential for the development of new drugs, bioplastics, depolluting products and other innovations. The author then outlines provisions for a new treaty, currently under discussion at the UN and presents alternatives to a new regime including revised legal instruments, the development of soft law and the creation of an applicable ecolabel. Dans L’exploitation des ressources génétiques marine hors juridiction nationale, Valérie Wyssbrod détermine en premier lieu le régime juridique actuellement applicable à ces ressources. Ces dernières représentent à l’heure actuelle un potentiel énorme pour le développement de nouveaux médicaments, bioplastiques, dépolluants, etc. Encore peu exploitées, elles seront sans aucun doute au coeur d’un futur processus d’innovation et de nouveaux brevets. Dans un second temps, l’auteur dessine les contours et les principaux axes d’un nouveau traité spécifique, projet actuellement discuté à l’ONU. Valérie Wyssbrod explore finalement trois alternatives au nouveau traité : le remplacement du régime actuel par un autre régime existant, le développement d’un instrument de soft law et la création d’un écolabel.
Download or read book Global Health written by John J. Kirton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, especially since the end of the cold war, the field of global health has become increasingly linked with and central to the more traditional concerns of international relations. The spread of communicable diseases, the challenge of migrating health workers and the development of new technologies and medicines have all contributed to the ever-expanding issue of global health. International organizations such as the World Health Organization, the utilization of techniques such as the creation of the framework convention on tobacco control and the development of civil society organizations such as the Gates Foundation, have all changed the face and framework of global health. Among the many benefits to the expanding interdisciplinary study of health is the possibility of preventing millions of unnecessary deaths occurring every year. By assembling from a wide array of disciplines and fields the central works that define the field in international relations today, this innovative work explores the future of global health and the possible benefits of expanding the interdisciplinary path even further.
Download or read book Les syst mes d information en d mographie et en sciences sociales Nouvelles questions nouveaux outils written by Bruno Schoumaker and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2012-09-15 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cet ouvrage fait le point sur les progrès sans précédent de l'informatique et des méthodes d'analyse des données en démographie et en sciences sociales, ainsi que sur les nouveaux défis auxquels elles sont confrontées.
Download or read book International Co operation for Habitat and Urban Development Directory of Non governmental Organisations in OECD Countries written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 1997-12-19 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This specialised Directory provides information on over 1 700 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) active in the field of habitat and urban development.
Download or read book Revue Internationale de Droit Et Politique Du D veloppement Durable de Mcgill written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book La jurisprudence de l OMC The Case Law of the WTO 1996 1997 written by Brigitte Stern and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2004-04-01 with total page 730 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: WTO, OMC, these abbreviations are now well known throughout the world and the organization contained in these three-letter acronyms has become a principal actor in international relations – economic and other. Everyone knows that a large part of its impact in the international society comes from a revolutionary mechanism of dispute settlement (DSM) that forms part of the World Trade Organization. More than 250 claims have been deposited in seven years, of which sixty led to a report of an ad hoc panel and the majority of those led to a report of the Appellate Body. This bilingual volume is the first in a series, which has the ambition to present the “jurisprudence” of this new mechanism, in a simple, coherent and systematic fashion. It is the result of intense cooperation between the two editors, and it is hoped to become a major reference work for all interested in the jurisprudence of the WTO and more general in the regulation of economic relations with respect to international commerce and all its multiple implications on daily matters. OMC, WTO, ces sigles sont aujourd’hui mondialement connus, et l’Organisation qu’ils désignent est devenue un acteur principal des relations internationales – économiques et autres. Chacun sait désormais qu’une grande partie de son impact dans la société internationale vient du mécanisme de règlement des différends (MRD) tout à fait révolutionnaire qu’ incorpore l’Organisation mondiale du commerce. Plus de 250 plaintes ont été déposées en sept ans et qu’un peu plus de 60 d’entre elles ont donné lieu à un rapport d'un Groupe spécial, voire pour une majorité d’entre elles à un rapport de l’Organe d’appel. Ce présent volume bilingue n'est que le premier d'une série d'ouvrages ayant pour ambition de présenter la « jurisprudence » de ce nouveau mécanisme de façon simple, cohérente et systématique. Il constitue le fruit d'efforts concertés que les deux éditeurs, associés à cette entreprise collective de grande envergure, espèrent voir devenir une référence incontournable pour tous ceux qui s’intéresseront à la jurisprudence de l’OMC et plus largement à la régulation des relations économiques en matière de commerce international, avec toutes ses implications multiformes sur la vie quotidienne de chacun d’entre nous.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Public Health written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
