Download or read book Knowing and Reasoning in College written by Marcia B. Baxter Magolda and published by Jossey-Bass. This book was released on 1992-10-09 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Baxter Magolda uses data gathered from in-depth interviews over a five-year period to reveal four distinct "ways of knowing." These range from the most basic - in which learning is a question of acquiring information and repeating - to the most complex - in which students evaluate a variety of opinions before finally forming their own. In an innovative approach, the author presents direct excerpts from interviews with students, allowing us to "hear" their experiences in their own words - and offers rich data about the current realities of learning in college. The book provides useful real-life examples of how instructional approaches, class expectations, peer interaction, evaluation methods, and other factors affect intellectual development in the classroom.
Download or read book Knowing What Students Know written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-10-27 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Education is a hot topic. From the stage of presidential debates to tonight's dinner table, it is an issue that most Americans are deeply concerned about. While there are many strategies for improving the educational process, we need a way to find out what works and what doesn't work as well. Educational assessment seeks to determine just how well students are learning and is an integral part of our quest for improved education. The nation is pinning greater expectations on educational assessment than ever before. We look to these assessment tools when documenting whether students and institutions are truly meeting education goals. But we must stop and ask a crucial question: What kind of assessment is most effective? At a time when traditional testing is subject to increasing criticism, research suggests that new, exciting approaches to assessment may be on the horizon. Advances in the sciences of how people learn and how to measure such learning offer the hope of developing new kinds of assessments-assessments that help students succeed in school by making as clear as possible the nature of their accomplishments and the progress of their learning. Knowing What Students Know essentially explains how expanding knowledge in the scientific fields of human learning and educational measurement can form the foundations of an improved approach to assessment. These advances suggest ways that the targets of assessment-what students know and how well they know it-as well as the methods used to make inferences about student learning can be made more valid and instructionally useful. Principles for designing and using these new kinds of assessments are presented, and examples are used to illustrate the principles. Implications for policy, practice, and research are also explored. With the promise of a productive research-based approach to assessment of student learning, Knowing What Students Know will be important to education administrators, assessment designers, teachers and teacher educators, and education advocates.
Download or read book Knowledge Representation and Reasoning written by Ronald Brachman and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2004-05-19 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge representation is at the very core of a radical idea for understanding intelligence. This book talks about the central concepts of knowledge representation developed over the years. It is suitable for researchers and practitioners in database management, information retrieval, object-oriented systems and artificial intelligence.
Download or read book Measuring College Learning Responsibly written by Richard J. Shavelson and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2009-12-17 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accrediting boards, the federal government, and state legislatures are now requiring a greater level of accountability from higher education. However, current accountability practices, including accreditation, No Child Left Behind, and performance reporting are inadequate to the task. If wielded indiscriminately, accountability can actually do more harm than good. This innovative work looks broadly at how accountability is being considered by campuses, accrediting boards, higher education organizations, and governments in the US and abroad. It explores how new demands for accountability and new technologies are changing the way student learning is assessed. The author, one of the most respected assessment researchers in the nation, provides a framework for assessing student learning and discusses historical and contemporary debates in the field. He details new directions in assessment, such as the Collegiate Learning Assessment he helped develop, analyzes exemplary campus assessment programs, and proposes considerations necessary for designing successful accountability systems.
Download or read book Conceptions of Knowledge Creation Knowledge and Knowing written by Yuh Huann Tan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-11 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book responds to calls for further advancing knowledge creation in schools. It examines sixteen Chinese Language teachers from Singapore, since language teachers are primarily responsible for the basic literacy that is the foundation of students’ lifelong learning. Positing that people’s cultural beliefs and the language(s) they use are inseparable, the book argues that Chinese language teachers possess a unique understanding of the various phenomena that reflect the influences of Chinese culture by virtue of the language they speak and teach. For the purposes of the investigation, it employs phenomenography — a methodology aimed at finding and systematising how people interpret the world around them — to determine and describe Chinese language teachers’ conceptions of these phenomena.
Download or read book A Handbook of Reflective and Experiential Learning written by Jennifer A. Moon and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflective and experiential learning are now common currency in education and training and are recognized as important tools. This handbook acts as an essential guide to understanding and using these techniques in educational and training contexts.
Download or read book How People Learn II written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many reasons to be curious about the way people learn, and the past several decades have seen an explosion of research that has important implications for individual learning, schooling, workforce training, and policy. In 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School: Expanded Edition was published and its influence has been wide and deep. The report summarized insights on the nature of learning in school-aged children; described principles for the design of effective learning environments; and provided examples of how that could be implemented in the classroom. Since then, researchers have continued to investigate the nature of learning and have generated new findings related to the neurological processes involved in learning, individual and cultural variability related to learning, and educational technologies. In addition to expanding scientific understanding of the mechanisms of learning and how the brain adapts throughout the lifespan, there have been important discoveries about influences on learning, particularly sociocultural factors and the structure of learning environments. How People Learn II: Learners, Contexts, and Cultures provides a much-needed update incorporating insights gained from this research over the past decade. The book expands on the foundation laid out in the 2000 report and takes an in-depth look at the constellation of influences that affect individual learning. How People Learn II will become an indispensable resource to understand learning throughout the lifespan for educators of students and adults.
Download or read book Academically Adrift written by Richard Arum and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In spite of soaring tuition costs, more and more students go to college every year. A bachelor’s degree is now required for entry into a growing number of professions. And some parents begin planning for the expense of sending their kids to college when they’re born. Almost everyone strives to go, but almost no one asks the fundamental question posed by Academically Adrift: are undergraduates really learning anything once they get there? For a large proportion of students, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa’s answer to that question is a definitive no. Their extensive research draws on survey responses, transcript data, and, for the first time, the state-of-the-art Collegiate Learning Assessment, a standardized test administered to students in their first semester and then again at the end of their second year. According to their analysis of more than 2,300 undergraduates at twenty-four institutions, 45 percent of these students demonstrate no significant improvement in a range of skills—including critical thinking, complex reasoning, and writing—during their first two years of college. As troubling as their findings are, Arum and Roksa argue that for many faculty and administrators they will come as no surprise—instead, they are the expected result of a student body distracted by socializing or working and an institutional culture that puts undergraduate learning close to the bottom of the priority list. Academically Adrift holds sobering lessons for students, faculty, administrators, policy makers, and parents—all of whom are implicated in promoting or at least ignoring contemporary campus culture. Higher education faces crises on a number of fronts, but Arum and Roksa’s report that colleges are failing at their most basic mission will demand the attention of us all.
Download or read book Time To Know Them written by Marilyn S. Sternglass and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a time of declining resources in institutions of higher education, we grapple with how priorities are to be set for the limited resources available. Most vulnerable are those students labeled underprepared by colleges and universities. Should we argue that the limited resources available ought to be used to support these students through their undergraduate years? And, if we decide that we want to do that, what evidence of their potential for success can we provide that will justify the use of these resources? Through longitudinal research that follows students who have been so labeled over all their college years, we can begin to find answers to these questions. Time to Know Them is the first book that follows the experiences of a group of students over their entire academic experience. No previous studies have brought together the factors incorporated in this study: *examining writing and learning on a true longitudinal basis; *studying a multicultural urban population; *investigating the relationship between writing and learning by examining papers written over time for regularly assigned academic courses across a range of disciplines; and *taking into consideration non-academic factors that influence academic performance such as race, gender, socio-economic status, and ideological orientation. Through interviews twice a semester over six years, the collection of papers written for all courses, observations of instructional settings, and analysis of required institutional tests of writing, the author has been able to pull together a more complete picture of writing and intellectual development over the college years than has previously been available in any study. Students are seen to acquire the ability to handle more complex reasoning tasks as they find themselves in more challenging intellectual settings and where risk-taking and exploration of new ideas are valued. The integration of students' previous life experiences into their academic studies allows them to analyze, critique, modify, and apply their previously held world views to their new learning. These changes are seen to occur over time with instructional settings and support providing key roles in writing development. Personal factors in students' lives present difficulties that require persistence and dedication to overcome. Never before have the complexities of real individual lives as they affect academic performance been so clearly presented.
Download or read book Reasoning Solved Papers written by YCT Expert Team and published by YOUTH COMPETITION TIMES. This book was released on with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2023-24 RRB Reasoning Solved Papers
Download or read book Taking Rational Trouble Over the Mysteries written by Nicola Hoggard Creegan and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2013-07-29 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can one believe in an age of doubt? How can we name the mystery of God in human words? Does nature speak of the glory of God? Does science undermine faith? Is the problem of evil unanswerable? In this volume scientists, theologians, philosophers, as well as a historian and social scientist, take seriously the challenge of knowing and speaking about God in an age of doubt and challenge. All New Zealand writers, the authors reflect a variety of styles, inputs, and assumptions from "down under." Some look to answer new atheists directly, others point out links between belief and unbelief in any age. There are essays that show us new ways of reading old texts. Scientists reflect on nature, its signs, and its obscurity. We are confronted also with the mixed picture of belief and unbelief that the last few hundred years reveals to us. Most of these essays have come out of seminars and conferences put on by TANSA (Theology and the Natural Sciences in Aotearoa), a forum for discussion and interpretation amongst scientists and theologians in New Zealand.
Download or read book A Glimpse of the Kingdom in Academia written by Irene Alexander and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2013-02-11 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: University is a major way that our society prepares professionals and leaders in education, health, government, business, arts, church--all components of our communal lives. Although the beginnings of the first universities were Christian, academia has become more and more adrift from these foundations. We have lost not only the union, the interwovenness of theological and academic understandings, but also the relational and communal process of learning which teaches students to be other-centered in their practice. A Glimpse of the Kingdom in Academia tells the story of the social sciences department of a small Christian university that took seriously the mandate to prepare their students to be salt and light in a secular society. Here are stories of the transformation in students' lives, as well as description of classroom practices, and the epistemological theory behind those practices. The book explores academic knowing, Christian worldview, relational epistemology, inner knowing, and wisdom--all ways of knowing that a Christian university should teach. The process of transformation, the context of community, and the bigger picture of life's journey and changing images of God are identified as important aspects of kingdom life in academia. The institutional setting is also critiqued with the recognition that power practices need to align with the kingdom of the Christ who emptied himself.
Download or read book Show Me What You Know written by Barbara M. Brizuela and published by Teachers College Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just like representations in everyday life, this book shows that representations are ubiquitous to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics—the STEM disciplines.“Show Me What You Know” showcases research on representations across a range of STEM disciplines and ages—from children as young as 2 years of age to professional mathematicians. The text highlights the importance of paying close attention to learners’ interpretations and productions of different representations as a source of evidence for what learners understand, and another way for learners to “show us what they know.” The text is organized around four themes: appropriation of representations, making meaning, highlighting, and representations as scaffold and supports. Book Features: Focus on representations in specific STEM disciplines. An examination of how students across different ages engage with, produce, and use representations. Section reflections that serve to broaden our thinking about representations. Graphs, charts, and examples of students’ drawings. Contributors include David W. Carraher, Tina Grotzer, David Hammer, Richard Lehrer, Eduardo Martí, Ricardo Nemirovsky, Tracy Noble, Juan Ignacio Pozo, Leona Schauble, Analúcia D. Schliemann, Judah L. Schwartz, and Beth Warren. Bárbara M. Brizuela is an associate professor in the Department of Education at Tufts University. She is the author of Mathematical Development in Young Children: Exploring Notations. Brian E. Gravel is a lecturer and director of Elementary Education at Tufts University. “We are provided not only with valuable source material for future theoretical development, but with profound encouragement for teachers and researchers to pay close attention to representations as they are generated and interpreted by students.” —From the Foreword by Gerald A. Goldin
Download or read book Understanding and Applying Cognitive Development Theory written by Patrick G. Love and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-12-17 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating learning environments and learning experiences for students is one of the primary purposes of student services. Student services professionals need to have a solid understanding of the cognitive development of college students in order to design activities that will enhance that development. This issue of New Directions for Student Services reviews five theories of the cognitive development of college students and explores the applications of those theories for student affairs practice. The theories shed light on gender-related patterns of knowing and reasoning; interpersonal, cultural, and emotional influences on cognitive development; and people's methods of approaching complex issues and defending what they believe. This is the 88th issue of the quarterly journals New Directions for Student Services.
Download or read book Bayesian Reasoning and Machine Learning written by David Barber and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 739 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical introduction perfect for final-year undergraduate and graduate students without a solid background in linear algebra and calculus.
Download or read book Personal Epistemology written by Barbara K. Hofer and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Published in 2004. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.
Download or read book Handbook of College Science Teaching written by Joel J. Mintzes and published by NSTA Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are you still using 20th century techniques to teach science to 21st century students? Update your practices as you learn about current theory and research with the authoritative Handbook of College Science Teaching. The Handbook offers models of teaching and learning that go beyond the typical lecture-laboratory format and provides rationales for updated practices in the college classroom. The 38 chapters, each written by experienced, award-wining science faculty, are organized into eight sections: attitudes and motivations; active learning; factors affecting learning; innovative teaching approaches; use for technology, for both teaching and student research; special challenges, such as teaching effectively to culturally diverse or learning disabled students; pre-college science instruction; and improving instruction. No other book fills the Handbook's unique niche as a definitive guide for science professors in all content areas. It even includes special help for those who teach non-science majors at the freshman and sophomore levels. The Handbook is ideal for graduate teaching assistants in need of a solid introduction, senior faculty and graduate cooridinators in charge of training new faculty and grad students, and mid-career professors in search of invigoration.
