Download or read book Khomeini s Incorporation of the Iranian Military written by Mark J. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Khomeini s Incorporation of the Iranian Military written by Mark J. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Khomeini s Incorporation Of Iranian Military McNair Paper 48 U S Department Of Defense written by National Defense University and published by . This book was released on 1998* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Khomeini S Warriors written by Mehran Riazaty and published by Xlibris Corporation. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes Ayatollah Khomeinis ideology, Irans official and unofficial armed forces, and its allies throughout the world and provides photographs of the regimes predominant actors. Since 1892, the Shia clergy has played a major role in Iran, such as the tobacco boycott, which led to the withdrawal of the concession given by the Shah to British citizens, Irans Constitutional Revolution of 1906, as well as organizing opposition to the Shahs policies in the 1979 revolution. Ayatollah Khomeini was a lecturer at Hawza Ilmiyya (Shia seminary of traditional Islamic school of higher learning) of Najaf and Qom for decades before he came on to the Iranian political scene. In 1977, Khomeini assumed the mantle of leadership within the Islamist opposition after the death of Ali Shariati, a leftist intellectual and one of the most influential Iranian Muslim thinkers of his generation. In 1930, Shariati contributed a new line of thinking in Iran, through his reinterpretation of jihad and shahadat (martyrdom), which was presented in his view of an authentic Islam. Shariatis new authentic Islam centered on a reinterpretation of the story of Karbala, where Imam Hussein was martyred in a battle, refusing to pledge allegiance to Yazid, the Umayyad caliph. Shariati borrowed the Christian concept of martyrdom from the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus as the basis of his new Islamic philosophy. Shariati wrote that when faced with the possibility of ones own death, one must adopt an attitude of freedom-toward-death and thereby experience authentic living. In 1978, Ayatollah Khomeinis reinterpretation of Shia rituals removed the borders between the audience and the actors, turning the entire country into a stage for his casting. He imbued the old passion of the story of Karbala with a new passionate hatred for the Shahs unjust rule in Iran, as well as Israels and the United Statess influences within the world. Khomeinis memory of Dr. Mohammed Mosaddegh, whose government was toppled by the CIA in 1953, returning the Shah to Iran, resulted in the rise of various political groups such as nationalists, liberals, secularists, and Marxists. These groups were essential in assisting Khomeinis overthrow of the Shah, though they were soon stomped out by the creation of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) in May 1979 in order to protect Khomeinis unique brand of a Shia Islamic Revolution. The Iran-Iraq War initiated the rapid expansion of the IRGCs size and capabilities. In September 1980, the IRGC had only 30,000 men in lightly armed units. Prior to the war, the IRGC personnel were very young in age and had little to no military experience. By the summer of 1981, the IRGC had organized basic training centers with experienced commanders and a select group of regular officers. They also had 50,000 members, and its strength would jump to 100,000 in 1983 and 250,000 in 1985. In order to meet all its manpower needs on the Iraq war front, the IRGC then turned to its volunteer militia, the Basij. The Basij members provided more troops than the IRGC could arm. The average Basij member came from Irans rural areas and can be described as poor, uneducated, and ranged in age from twelve to thirty years old. Like the IRGC, the Basij members are motivated by both religion and ideology. After the Iran-Iraq War, the IRGC focused on external threats as the Basij increased its involvement in domestic affairs. In past years, the Basij militia has been active in controlling public gatherings and disrupting demonstrations by civil or student activists.
Download or read book The Iranian Revolution written by Mark Jonathan Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Author examines the Khomeini Regime's process of power consolidation before, during and after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Using this event as a case study in coercive power consolidation, the author determines the Khomeini Regime's co-optation and incorporation (through coercion and persuasion) of the Iranian military was the first and crucial step in this process. He further examines the Islamic Republic of Iran's use of the military to then consolidate its power by suppressing ethnic minorities, political opposition groups, and religious minorities. Throughout the thesis, the Khomeini Regime's practice of demonizing its enemies will be examine as a principal component of the power consolidation process. The major conclusion of this study is that the essence of regime legitimization was grounded in the incorporation of the army as a necessary element of power. The regime then used the army to suppress those elements of society that it deemed threatening or unnecessary.
Download or read book Khomeini and Israel written by Behrouz Souresrafil and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Iranian Revolution written by Mark Jonathan Roberts and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Author examines the Khomeini Regime's process of power consolidation before, during and after the Iranian Revolution of 1979. Using this event as a case study in coercive power consolidation, the author determines the Khomeini Regime's co-optation and incorporation (through coercion and persuasion) of the Iranian military was the first and crucial step in this process. He further examines the Islamic Republic of Iran's use of the military to then consolidate its power by suppressing ethnic minorities, political opposition groups, and religious minorities. Throughout the thesis, the Khomeini Regime's practice of demonizing its enemies will be examine as a principal component of the power consolidation process. The major conclusion of this study is that the essence of regime legitimization was grounded in the incorporation of the army as a necessary element of power. The regime then used the army to suppress those elements of society that it deemed threatening or unnecessary.
Download or read book Mission to Tehran written by Robert E. Huyser and published by HarperCollins Publishers. This book was released on 1986 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The inside story of the last-minute effort to save Iran by the American general sent to carry it out.
Download or read book Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini written by Daniel E. Harmon and published by Infobase Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chronicles the life of the man who advocated nonviolent resistance, leading India to independance from Britain, with quotes and a timeline.
Download or read book Military Institution in Iran Between Revolution and Statehood written by Mohammed Saqr Alsulami and published by Partridge Publishing Singapore. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The Military Institution Between Revolution and Statehood” is divided into seven chapters, comprised of studies that were submitted at a workshop held by the International Institute for Iranian Studies (Rasanah) in Riyadh on May 8, 2017. The first study is entitled “The Ideological Dimension of the Military Institution.” The second study addresses the relationship between the institution of the military and the political system in light of the compatibility theory. The third study analyses the military doctrine of the Iranian Armed Forces. The fourth study sheds lights on Iranian military capabilities and deployment plans. The fifth study is entitled “The Militarization of Shiism.” The sixth study discusses the assessment of the Iranian military doctrine and the military leadership. Finally, the seventh study addresses the economic activities of the Revolutionary Guards Corps (IRGC) as well as its tools and the implications for Iran and the region. The book ends with the outcomes and recommendations of the workshop. Notably, the book is edited by Dr. Mohammad bin Saqr Alsulami and Dr. Fathy Abu Bakr Almaraghi.
Download or read book Iranian Naval Forces A Tale of Two Navies written by Office of Naval Intelligence (U S ) and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-06-21 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated resource provides a more comprehensive history, including: Iran's Persian imperial past, the spread of Islam, and the Iran-Iraq War The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy (IRGCN) emphasizes an asymetric doctrine to ensure national security in the Persian Gulf against regional neighbors and foreign presence. The Islamic Republic of Iran Navy (IRIN) employs a more conventional doctrine and focuses on forward presence and naval diplomacy. Both navies have considerable equities and are well positioned to influence and leverage the Strait of Hormuz; a vital chokepoint for the flow of resources and international commerce. Illustrated with organizational charts, and photos of key Iranian leaders, including commanders within the Navy Command and Control Leadership, as well as rank insignia graphics, maps, ships, aircrafts, missile images, and more. Check out ourMiddle East resources collection for more resources on this topic. You may also be interested in ourForeign Military History collection Other products produced by theUnited States Navy
Download or read book Iran Military Power written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iran written by Martin Wright and published by Longman Publishing Group. This book was released on 1989 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced between the end of the war with Iraq and the death of the Ayatollah Khomeini. Part one outlines the country's history, sketchily until just before the revolution. Part two contains views of the present situation by five journalists, a British diplomat, and a scholar. Also lists government leaders and dissident groups. A high price for a small, cheaply bound, already outdated book. No bibliography. Paperback edition not seen. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book My Turn to Speak written by Abū al-Ḥasan Banī Ṣadr and published by Potomac Books. This book was released on 1991 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes material on Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, the "October Surprise" controversy, and the Ayatollah Khomeini.
Download or read book Iran s Ethnic Factions Threaten to Split the State written by S. Enders Wimbush and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While the eyes of the world have been fastened on the plight of American hostages in Tehran and on the fanatical city mobs that cheer each new proclamation by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, Iran has been slowly fraying at the edges. No facet of the conflict in Iran is likely to affect the post-crisis political environment more fundamentally than unrest and militancy among that state's important ethnic minorities. The changing political equation is a very simple one: The dominant Persian majority is rapidly losing its ability to control events along Iran's periphery, which is inhabited primarily by non-Persians. Ethnic minorities have seized the opportunities resulting from chaos at the center to advance a variety of local demands. In its present state of disarray, the Iranian army--or at least those soldiers and units loyal to Ayatollah Khomeini, for it should be remembered that Iran's army is a multiethnic one-will probably not be able to contain local rebellions for very long, and there is no suggestion that this situation will improve in the future. (Author).
Download or read book The Return of the Ayatollah written by Muḥammad Ḥasanayn Haykal and published by Trafalgar Square Publishing. This book was released on 1983 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rise of the Pasdaran written by Frederic Wehrey and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2008-12-31 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both high import payments for petroleum motor fuels and concerns regarding emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) are motivating interest in possible fuel substitutes. Petroleum products derived from conventional crude oil constitute more than 50 percent of end-use energy deliveries in the United States and more than 95 percent of all energy used in the U.S. transportation sector. Almost 60 percent of liquid fuels are imported. Emissions from the consumption of petroleum account for 44 percent of the nation?s CO2 emissions, with approximately 33 percent of national CO2 emissions resulting from transportation-fuel use. In this report, RAND researchers assess the potential future production levels, production costs, greenhouse gases, and other environmental implications of synthetic crude oil extracted from oil sands and fuels produced via coal liquefaction relative to conventional petroleum-based transportation fuels. The findings indicate the potential cost-competitiveness of these alternative fuels and the potential trade-offs that their deployment requires between economic and environmental considerations.
