Download or read book Japanese Brazilian Women and Their Ambiguous Identities written by Mieko Nishida and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diaspora and Identity written by Mieko Nishida and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: São Paulo, Brazil, holds the largest number of Japanese descendants outside Japan, and they have been there for six generations. Japanese immigration to Brazil started in 1908 to replace European immigrants to work in São Paulo’s expanding coffee industry. It peaked in the late 1920s and early 1930s as anti-Japanese sentiment grew in Brazil. Approximately 189,000 Japanese entered Brazil by 1942 in mandatory family units. After the war, prewar immigrants and their descendants became quickly concentrated in São Paulo City. Immigration from Japan resumed in 1952, and by 1993 some 54,000 immigrants arrived in Brazil. By 1980, the majority of Japanese Brazilians had joined the urban middle class and many had been mixed racially. In the mid-1980s, Japanese Brazilians’ “return” labor migrations to Japan began on a large scale. More than 310,000 Brazilian citizens were residing in Japan in June 2008, when the centenary of Japanese immigration was widely celebrated in Brazil. The story does not end there. The global recession that started in 2008 soon forced unemployed Brazilians in Japan and their Japanese-born children to return to Brazil. Based on her research in Brazil and Japan, Mieko Nishida challenges the essentialized categories of “the Japanese” in Brazil and “Brazilians” in Japan, with special emphasis on gender. Nishida deftly argues that Japanese Brazilian identity has never been a static, fixed set of traits that can be counted and inventoried. Rather it is about being and becoming, a process of identity in motion responding to the push-and-pull between being positioned and positioning in a historically changing world. She examines Japanese immigrants and their descendants’ historically shifting sense of identity, which comes from their experiences of historical changes in socioeconomic and political structure in both Brazil and Japan. Each chapter illustrates how their identity is perpetually in formation, across generation, across gender, across class, across race, and in the movement of people between nations. Diaspora and Identity makes an important contribution to the understanding of the historical development of ethnic, racial, and national identities; as well as construction of the Japanese diaspora in Brazil and its response to time, place, and circumstances.
Download or read book No One Home written by Daniel Touro Linger and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The movement of Brazilians of Japanese descent to Japan is one of the most intriguing transnational migrations of recent years. In 1990, seeking a supply of ethnically acceptable unskilled workers, Japan permitted overseas Japanese, along with their spouses and children, to enter the country as long-term residents. The prospect of high salaries eventually drew about 200,000 nikkeis, as Brazilians of Japanese descent often call themselves, to Japan, making them Japan's third-largest minority group. No One Home is an ethnographic study, based on fieldwork and extensive personal interviews, of nikkeis living in Toyota City. The migrants' dual identities coexist uneasily. The book focuses on how Brazilian factory workers and their children work through the problems arising from their ambiguous status. In Toyota City and environs, Brazilian men and women do hard, dirty, and dangerous physical labor in automobile-parts plants that supply Toyota Motors and other large automobile manufacturers. Japanese schools confront their children with an array of cultural, linguistic, educational, and personal obstacles. In the immediacies of the shop floor, classroom, and their leisure activities, nikkeis remake in Japan selves they had forged as citizens of Brazil, a process that is dynamic, varied, and unpredictable. The book complements the recent literature on transnationalism in several important respects. While recognizing the influence of global economics and media, it emphasizes how transnationalism is lived. It highlights people's experiences rather than the conditions of those experiences, and examines their senses of self rather than identity constructs. Instead of treating neighbors and interviewees as members of social categories, the author explores personal realms--the rich, complex, idiosyncratic selves nikkeis continually refashion during their sojourn in Japan. Overall, he underlines the significance of consciousness, experience, and biography for comprehensive studies of transnationalism and identity.
Download or read book Searching for Home Abroad written by Jeff Lesser and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2003-09-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIVA multidisciplinary study of the transnational cultural identity of Brazilian nationals of Japanese descent and their more recent attempts to re-settle in Japan./div
Download or read book Diaspora and Identity written by Mieko Nishida and published by University of Hawaii Press. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: São Paulo, Brazil, holds the largest number of Japanese descendants outside Japan, and they have been there for six generations. Japanese immigration to Brazil started in 1908 to replace European immigrants to work in São Paulo’s expanding coffee industry. It peaked in the late 1920s and early 1930s as anti-Japanese sentiment grew in Brazil. Approximately 189,000 Japanese entered Brazil by 1942 in mandatory family units. After the war, prewar immigrants and their descendants became quickly concentrated in São Paulo City. Immigration from Japan resumed in 1952, and by 1993 some 54,000 immigrants arrived in Brazil. By 1980, the majority of Japanese Brazilians had joined the urban middle class and many had been mixed racially. In the mid-1980s, Japanese Brazilians’ “return” labor migrations to Japan began on a large scale. More than 310,000 Brazilian citizens were residing in Japan in June 2008, when the centenary of Japanese immigration was widely celebrated in Brazil. The story does not end there. The global recession that started in 2008 soon forced unemployed Brazilians in Japan and their Japanese-born children to return to Brazil. Based on her research in Brazil and Japan, Mieko Nishida challenges the essentialized categories of “the Japanese” in Brazil and “Brazilians” in Japan, with special emphasis on gender. Nishida deftly argues that Japanese Brazilian identity has never been a static, fixed set of traits that can be counted and inventoried. Rather it is about being and becoming, a process of identity in motion responding to the push-and-pull between being positioned and positioning in a historically changing world. She examines Japanese immigrants and their descendants’ historically shifting sense of identity, which comes from their experiences of historical changes in socioeconomic and political structure in both Brazil and Japan. Each chapter illustrates how their identity is perpetually in formation, across generation, across gender, across class, across race, and in the movement of people between nations. Diaspora and Identity makes an important contribution to the understanding of the historical development of ethnic, racial, and national identities; as well as construction of the Japanese diaspora in Brazil and its response to time, place, and circumstances.
Download or read book Migrants and Identity in Japan and Brazil written by Daniela de Carvalho and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-08-27 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social difficulties at the beginning of the 20th century caused many Japanese to emigrate to Brazil. The situation was reversed in the 1980s as a result of economic downturn in Brazil and labour shortages in Japan. This book examines the construction and reconstruction of the ethnic identities of people of Japanese descent, firstly in the process of emigration to Brazil up to the 1980s, and secondly in the process of return migration to Japan in the 1990s. The closed nature of Japan's social history means that the effect of return migration' can clearly be seen. Japan is to some extent a unique sociological specimen owing to the absence of any tradition of receiving immigrants. This book is first of all about migration, but also covers the important related issues of ethnic identity and the construction of ethnic communities. It addresses the issues from the dual perspective of Japan and Brazil. The findings suggest that mutual contact has led neither to a state of conflict nor to one of peaceful coexistence, but rather to an assertion of difference. It is argued that the Nikkeijin consent strategically to the social definitions imposed upon their identities and that the issue of the Nikkeijin presence is closely related to the emerging diversity of Japanese society.
Download or read book Slavery and Identity written by Mieko Nishida and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2003-04-10 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using both primary archival and printed sources, Mieko Nishida examines the perspectives of slaves, ex-slaves, and free-born people of color and the critical factors that affected their lives and self-perceptions. The book offers a new window on slave life in nineteenth-century Salvador, Brazil, and illustrates the difficulty of generalizing about New World slave societies.".
Download or read book No One Home written by Daniel Touro Linger and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an ethnographic study, based on fieldwork and extensive personal interviews, of Brazilians of Japanese descent who have migrated to Japan in response to the government's call for ethnically acceptable unskilled workers. These people of Toyota City are among 200,000 Brazilians of Japanese descent who live in Japan today, forming Japan's third-largest minority group.
Download or read book Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland written by Takeyuki Tsuda and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late 1980s, Brazilians of Japanese descent have been "return" migrating to Japan as unskilled foreign workers. With an immigrant population currently estimated at roughly 280,000, Japanese Brazilians are now the second largest group of foreigners in Japan. Although they are of Japanese descent, most were born in Brazil and are culturally Brazilian. As a result, they have become Japan's newest ethnic minority. Drawing upon close to two years of multisite fieldwork in Brazil and Japan, Takeyuki Tsuda has written a comprehensive ethnography that examines the ethnic experiences and reactions of both Japanese Brazilian immigrants and their native Japanese hosts. In response to their socioeconomic marginalization in their ethnic homeland, Japanese Brazilians have strengthened their Brazilian nationalist sentiments despite becoming members of an increasingly well-integrated transnational migrant community. Although such migrant nationalism enables them to resist assimilationist Japanese cultural pressures, its challenge to Japanese ethnic attitudes and ethnonational identity remains inherently contradictory. Strangers in the Ethnic Homeland illuminates how cultural encounters caused by transnational migration can reinforce local ethnic identities and nationalist discourses.
Download or read book Brazil and Bash written by Suzanne Noelle Shibuta and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hybrid identities occupy a unique space within the field of identity and culture. Due to the instability and transitory nature of hybrid identities, individuals who fall within the category of hybridity often struggle to recognize and accept their identities. Do such individuals identify with one culture, the other, neither, or both? Adriana Lisboa’s novel Rakushisha offers new insight into the realm of hybridity through the exploration of mujōkan, a uniquely Japanese awareness of impermanence that also helps to explain the cycle of suffering, continuity, and regeneration that Lisboa’s characters experience. Although hybrid identities by nature are unstable, constantly in motion and imbalanced, mujōkan presents a conceptual framework that allows for the possibility of accepting this instability and impermanence as a way of being, allowing Japanese-Brazilians to untangle the web of uncertainty surrounding their identity and embrace the transience of their culture and hybridity. Lisboa’s novel and the concept of mujōkan work together to show not only the possibility of Japanese-Brazilians to accept and understand the transitivity of their identity but also to expand this concept to contemporary Brazilians, regardless of whether they claim Japanese heritage or not.
Download or read book Japanese Brazilians in Japan written by Hitomi Maeda and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of recent immigrant phenomenon in Japan and explains the complexity of the community integration of Japanese Brazilian offsprings, whose ancestors immigrated to Brazil about 100 years ago. Japan is relatively homogeneous society so that it is a great challenge for Japanese people to see differences and understand what really diversity or globalization mean. Through the research, life experiences and identity issues of Nikkei Brazilians, community integration, and factors that explain the degree of social integration of Nikkei Brazilians are explored based on the triangulated results from both quantitative and qualitative data. This study makes six basic contributions that are: 1) to reveal the perceptions of Nikkei Brazilians toward Japanese and vise versa; 2) to ascertain the major barriers influencing integration; 3) to empirically test and questioned several key hypotheses of previous literature; 4) to determine the special characteristics of this ethnic group in Japan; 5) to explore the possibility of developing a new theory going beyond conventional theories of assimilation, separation, marginalization, and integration and 6) to develop a formula for assessing the degree of social integration (SI index) based on an exploratory factor analysis.
Download or read book Voices of Japanese Brazilian Youths in Japan written by Mika Matsuura and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Latin American Identities written by Seminar on the Acquisition of Latin American Library Materials, Inc. Meeting and published by Salalm Secretariat. This book was released on 2005 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Jesus Loves Japan written by Suma Ikeuchi and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of ethnic Japanese, Brazilian, Pentecostal Christians living in Japan. After the introduction of the “long-term resident” visa, the mass-migration of Nikkeis (Japanese Brazilians) has led to roughly 190,000 Brazilian nationals living in Japan. While the ancestry-based visa confers Nikkeis’ right to settlement virtually as a right of blood, their ethnic ambiguity and working-class profile often prevent them from feeling at home in their supposed ethnic homeland. In response, many have converted to Pentecostalism, reflecting the explosive trend across Latin America since the 1970s. Jesus Loves Japan offers a rare window into lives at the crossroads of return migration and global Pentecostalism. Suma Ikeuchi argues that charismatic Christianity appeals to Nikkei migrants as a “third culture”—one that transcends ethno-national boundaries and offers a way out of a reality marked by stagnant national indifference. Jesus Loves Japan insightfully describes the political process of homecoming through the lens of religion, and the ubiquitous figure of the migrant as the pilgrim of a transnational future. Praise for Jesus Loves Japan “Transnational migrants find spiritual sustenance in Suma Ikeuchi’s careful, sensitive ethnography. In showing how Pentecostalism grants meaning to a bleak existence, Ikeuchi opens new vistas in our understanding of Japanese Brazilians residing in Japan. She offers fresh insights to all interested in identity puzzles, self-making, religious conversion, and global movement.” —Daniel T. Linger, Professor Emeritus of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz “Suma Ikeuchi’s nuanced fieldwork among Japanese Brazilians (Nikkei) employed in Japan exposes the flawed hemato-logic of government and corporate officials who believed that ancestry (“blood”) alone would make Nikkei more assimilable than other foreign guest workers. This book demonstrates the primacy of culture over “blood” as a cipher for ethnicity.” —Jennifer Robertson, author of Robo Sapiens Japanicus: Robots, Gender, Family, and the Japanese Nation (2018) “This is a remarkable book about a remarkable situation. Through wonderfully vivid ethnography, Ikeuchi documents the lives of Brazilian Pentecostal converts in Japan as they negotiate identities as migrants, homecomers, pilgrims, and believers. In the process, the book becomes an anthropological meditation on time, belonging, sincerity, and the multiple meanings of making connections through blood.” —Simon Coleman, Chancellor Jackman Professor, University of Toronto
Download or read book Multiply Hybrids written by Martín Hugo Videla Córdova Quero and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Japanese Souls and Brazilian Hearts written by Tainah Michida and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of immigration, identity, and culture have recently focused on examinations of transnationalism and transnational ties. Among these, explorations of "return" migration (i.e., a migration movement to one's ethnic homeland) are of particular importance due to its potential effects on self-concept and mental wellbeing. Though a literature is emerging, the effects of return migration are understudied and populations of "return-return" migrants (persons who migrated to their ancestral homeland and subsequently returned to their country of origin) are virtually unexplored. This dissertation begins to fill a gap in our knowledge of return-return migration by examining Japanese Brazilian returnees' migratory experiences and how they are associated with identity and mental wellbeing. More specifically, this dissertation explores how Japanese Brazilian return-return migrants negotiate their ethnic identities in different social contexts and stages of migration. It also examines how sociocultural and environmental factors and identity formation processes affect their mental wellbeing. To understand these issues, I conducted in-depth interviews with 38 Japanese Brazilian return-return migrants in the metropolitan region of São Paulo - home to the largest concentration of Japanese descendants outside of Japan. Findings suggest that most participants held a Japanese ethnic identity pre-migration. This identity was motivated and supported by familial socialization, involvement in ethnic activities, and ascribed positive minority status. In Japan, most participants failed to find their expected homeland and experienced disappointment, prejudice, and pressure to assimilate. In response, most developed a Brazilian counter-identity, which allowed for greater psychological distance between themselves and the native Japanese. Upon return to Brazil, findings suggest that a new hybrid identity (coined the Descendente identity) emerged in response to sociocultural push and pull factors, and as the result of an accumulation of synergistic migration and identity factors. Japanese Brazilian return-return migrants encountered many common migration stressors (e.g., loneliness and isolation, linguistic challenges) in Japan; however, they also experienced stressors that are directly related to their social identity as descendants and Brazilian nationals (e.g., prejudice associated with their families' migration history, Brazil's "Third World" status, and perceived cultural inadequacy). Depression, sadness, and loneliness were among the main expressions of emotional distress cited. Post-return migration, some participants experienced elevated levels of self-esteem associated with their return to positive minority status in Brazil; however, most were adversely affected by processes of social comparison and appraisal and perceptions of the environment (e.g., lack of safety and organization). Findings suggest that these may be the product of an interaction between migration and identity factors and internalized anti-Brazilian prejudice. Participants expressed emotional distress (i.e., fear, low self-esteem) in response to the unique resettlement challenges they experienced. By addressing the identity negotiation processes and mental wellbeing of Japanese Brazilian return-return migrants, this dissertation begins to pave the way toward a greater understanding of the final third of their migration journey. In doing so, it makes significant contributions to the immigration, identity, race and ethnicity, and mental health literatures, and contributes to a general understanding of return and return-return migrant populations beyond Japanese Brazilians.
Download or read book Japanese Brazilian Saudades written by Ignacio López-Calvo and published by Nikkei in the Americas. This book was released on 2019-07 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the self-definition of Nikkei discourse in Portuguese-language cultural production by Brazilian authors of Japanese ancestry and suggests an alternative model of postcoloniality, particularly as it pertains to the post-World War II experience of Nikkei people in Brazil.
