Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy written by Stuart O. Schweitzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry -- The biotechnology industry -- Generics and biosimilars -- The global pharmaceutical industry -- The demand for pharmaceuticals -- The demand for pharmaceuticals in major international markets -- Pharmaceutical prices -- Economic evaluation of new drugs -- Pricing pharmaceuticals in a world environment -- Pharmaceutical marketing -- Patent protection -- Drug approval process in the United States -- Pharmaceutical regulation in the European Union -- Pharmaceuticals and public policy : a look ahead

Download or read book Issues in Pharmaceutical Economics written by Robert I. Chien and published by Free Press. This book was released on 1979 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy written by Stuart O. Schweitzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description

Download or read book The Changing Economics of Medical Technology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1991-02-01 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans praise medical technology for saving lives and improving health. Yet, new technology is often cited as a key factor in skyrocketing medical costs. This volume, second in the Medical Innovation at the Crossroads series, examines how economic incentives for innovation are changing and what that means for the future of health care. Up-to-date with a wide variety of examples and case studies, this book explores how payment, patent, and regulatory policiesâ€"as well as the involvement of numerous government agenciesâ€"affect the introduction and use of new pharmaceuticals, medical devices, and surgical procedures. The volume also includes detailed comparisons of policies and patterns of technological innovation in Western Europe and Japan. This fact-filled and practical book will be of interest to economists, policymakers, health administrators, health care practitioners, and the concerned public.

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy written by Ronald Vogel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-07-25 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a comprehensive explanation of the key economic concepts on how the pharmaceutical market functions The pharmaceutical industry has come under intense public scrutiny for the perception of product prices being too high and for concerns about research and development spending. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy carefully explains the fundamentals of pharmaceutical economics while examining spending, costs, rates of return, and policies affecting the industry. This text provides a comprehensive economic analysis of the most important dimensions of the pharmaceutical market with easy-to-understand analysis of the implications of public policy. Key economic concepts necessary for understanding how the pharmaceutical market functions are clearly explained in detail. Though it is a manufacturing industry, the pharmaceutical industry has several economic aspects that make it fundamentally different from any other. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy takes these sometimes confusing and difficult economic aspects within this unique industry and makes them understandable. The book is carefully referenced and includes numerous figures and tables to clearly present data. Topics in Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy include: policymaking—self-interest vs. public interest a pharmaceutical market overview empirical data on cost effectiveness of pharmaceutical use the economics and politics of the regulatory process the economics of patent policies pharmaceutical cost structure why price discrimination occurs in patented pharmaceuticals governmental price controls R&D expenditures sales and marketing expenditures rates of profitability in the pharmaceutical industry mergers and acquisitions and the connection to higher risk levels the future of the pharmaceutical industry Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy is an invaluable resource for educators, graduate students, policymakers, legislators, policy analysts, government agencies, and trade associations involved with pharmaceuticals.

Download or read book Challenges of Pharmacoeconomics in Global Health Arena written by Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pace of globalization has significantly accelerated since the end of the Cold War Era in 1989. These changes profoundly affected health care systems worldwide. Health policy makers increasingly started facing new harsh challenges in their uneasy task to provide universal health coverage and decent equity of access to medical services. Among the most prominent demand-side issues are extended longevity joined with population aging, rise of non-communicable diseases, and growing patient expectations. Supply-side causes are gains in societal welfare and living standards, technological innovation in medicine and continuing rapid urbanization in developing world regions. Successful insurance-based risk sharing agreements made drug dispensing and medical service provision cheap or virtually free at the point of consumption in most OECD and many middle-income countries. Coupled with massive build-up of workforce capacities and strengthening of primary care and hospital networks, all these factors contributed to the “supplier induced demand” phenomenon. There is straightforward historical evidence of long-term growth in pharmaceutical and overall health spending both in absolute and GDP% terms worldwide. The accumulated constraints deriving from skyrocketing costs of care were felt in many areas of clinical medicine even among the richest societies. Cardinal examples of expensive and hardly affordable therapeutic areas are orphan drugs indicated to treat rare diseases and targeted biologicals used in autoimmune disorders and cancer. Last but not least, is troubled and frequently denied access to even essential generic pharmaceuticals still taking place in many nations. This appears to be particularly the case among the world's poor and under-served citizens residing in rural and suburban areas of low- and middle-income countries. To a large extent, these difficulties are worsened by lack of evidence-based resource allocation strategies and less sustainable financing strategies.

Download or read book Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy written by Stuart O. Schweitzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher description

Download or read book Health Economics written by Peter Zweifel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the most complete text available on the economics of health behavior and health care delivery. Appropriate both for advanced undergraduate and beginning graduate students of economics, this text provides the key analytical tools required to understand current research. Issues discussed include the "cost explosion" in health care, the power of medical associations, the search for remuneration systems with favorable incentives, and technological change in medicine. Rather than simplifying the issues facing today’s healthcare systems, the book models existing complexities as they are, adapting economics to reflect the views of the average person.

Download or read book Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research written by Albert I Wertheimer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-10-09 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Get a healthy perspective on pharmaceutical economics! Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research presents a comprehensive introduction to the economic aspects of the health sector, focusing on strategies for the development and marketing of healthcare products. A much-needed addition to this relatively new field, the book narrows health economics into the sub-discipline of pharmacoeconomics, bridging the gap between different interest groups in the pharmaceutical industry-research and development at one end, sales and marketing at the other. Using basic terminology and practical examples with descriptive tables and figures, it analyzes the implications of projecting costs of pharmaceutical products as a method of determining the viability of their development. Written from an international perspective, Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research examines the costs of drug therapy on health care systems and society through global marketing and modeling strategies, including clinical research and trial examples. Through the interlinked concepts of clinical research, outcomes research and pharmacoeconomics, the book evaluates the effectiveness of health technologies under “real world” circumstances or “normal” medical practice to achieve the optimum benefit from the resources available. The research process follows the economics of a drug?s efficacy (how it works under ideal circumstances) to its effectiveness (how it does in “real” life) to its efficiency (how cost-effective it is) in determining the baseline effects of a disease on economic and humanistic parameters. Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research also examines: resources and cost benefits (direct, indirect, intangible, and quality of life) health economical models (decision-tree analysis, Markov-model) reimbursement differences between countries due to the rate of currency exchange drug monitoring and regulation . . . and includes an extensive glossary! At a time when health economics has become increasingly important, Strategies in Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research is an essential tool for the pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and medical device industries to ensure the most efficient use of limited resources. The book?s practical tone and common-sense methods provide a realistic approach that will benefit pharmaceutical and medical professionals, product managers, business development managers, drug regulatory affairs officials, and clinical study coordinators in making strategic and operational decisions about pharmaceutical development, production, or consumption.

Download or read book Issues in the Economics of the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Klaus von Grebmer and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Studies in Pharmaceutical Economics written by Mickey Smith and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-10-11 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Readers of Studies in Pharmaceutical Economics learn the value of economic research in forming health policy while they develop an understanding of the various factors that influence the cost of pharmaceutical care for patients, pharmacists, physicians, and manufacturers. Pharmaceutical economists, product managers, and policymakers learn different methods for controlling costs, patient compliance, therapeutic outcomes, and the effects of restrictions on prescription drugs on the use and cost of other health care services. Above all, readers will find this book provides them with the necessary `know-how’for survival in the dynamic and competitive health care marketplace. The chapters of Studies in Pharmaceutical Economics range in scope from editorials to technical papers on new research methods. Readers will find the following key topics covered: pricing strategies marketing implications policy issues methods for controlling utilization and cost multi-tier pricing and its effects on pharmacists and consumers analytical approaches to research This valuable guidebook to the conditions characterizing the growing field of pharmacoeconomics maps the effects of clinical pharmacy services on the lengths of hospital stays, on hospital admissions, on adverse reactions, and on physician’s methods and habits of prescription. It also provides readers with practical policy applications and means for assessing trends in the market. These include the effects of extending Medicare coverage to outpatient prescription drugs and a technique for incorporating severity-of-illness measures into analysis of the cost-effectiveness of treatment. Professors of pharmacy administration and their students, product managers and pharmaceutical economists in the drug industry, and drug program administrators can use Studies in Pharmaceutical Economics as an introduction to the ways in which pharmaceutical economic research can bring efficiency and cost-effectiveness into their programs. Professors of pharmacy administration and their students, product managers and pharmaceutical economists in the drug industry, and drug program administrators (medical, HMOs, in service companies) can use Studies in Pharmaceutical Economics as an introduction to the ways in which pharmaceutical economic research can bring efficiency and cost-effectiveness into their programs.

Download or read book Making Medicines Affordable written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-03-01 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.

Download or read book Key Issues in the Pharmaceutical Industry written by Ann-Marie McIntyre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looks at the significant political and economic impact that the modern pharmaceutical industry has had on society taking an analytical approach to this high profile and controversial topic. It explains how and why the modern pharmaceutical industry evolved and explores important topics such as drug promotion and regulation. It provides * informative accessible and relevant information for both professionals and students from all backgrounds * takes an analytical rather than a purely descriptive approach The book will supply valuable information for all those who work in or with the pharmaceutical industry, health economists and health service researchers.

Download or read book The Future of Health Economics written by Olivier Ethgen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The pharmaceutical industry faces a well-documented perfect storm: on the one hand, the patent cliff; the lack of new blockbusters and, on the other, economic pressure on pricing from markets with growing expectations and shrinking budgets. In the face of such pressure, traditional health economics models no longer seem appropriate and yet what do we have to replace them? The growing focus on 'value' and 'cost effectiveness' are evidence of new emerging thinking although, even here, with the shift from medicine as cure to medicine as palliative, as a treatment for chronic illness and with the growing emphasis on preventative approaches, the landscape is complex and challenging. The Future of Health Economics offers a window into some of the most influential emerging issues in pharmacoeconomics; issues such as risk-sharing and alternative pricing models or the potential impact of radical new approaches such as personalized medicine; as well as exploring the changing role of government and regulators. Ulf Staginnus and Olivier Ethgen, themselves two of the most well-regarded practitioners in this field, have brought together some leading-edge thinkers from industry and academia around the world to provide the industry, policy-makers, regulators, health practitioners and academics with the raw material for their future scenarios.

Download or read book Envisioning a Transformed Clinical Trials Enterprise in the United States written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is growing recognition that the United States' clinical trials enterprise (CTE) faces great challenges. There is a gap between what is desired - where medical care is provided solely based on high quality evidence - and the reality - where there is limited capacity to generate timely and practical evidence for drug development and to support medical treatment decisions. With the need for transforming the CTE in the U.S. becoming more pressing, the IOM Forum on Drug Discovery, Development, and Translation held a two-day workshop in November 2011, bringing together leaders in research and health care. The workshop focused on how to transform the CTE and discussed a vision to make the enterprise more efficient, effective, and fully integrated into the health care system. Key issue areas addressed at the workshop included: the development of a robust clinical trials workforce, the alignment of cultural and financial incentives for clinical trials, and the creation of a sustainable infrastructure to support a transformed CTE. This document summarizes the workshop.

Download or read book Health Economics and Policy Challenges in Global Emerging Markets written by Mihajlo Jakovljevic and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to tackle some of the key global health challenges with a focus on the leading, emerging countries and mature free-market economies facing similar issues. It consists of seven chapters written by well-recognized scholars in the field affiliated to academia, pharmaceutical industry and hospital sectors based in Japan, USA, China, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, Serbia, Bulgaria, Poland and Albania. The contributors had diverse expert profiles in health economics, clinical medicine, public health and population aging. Regional health care issues were processed and referred to the BRICS and N-11 nations, North American region, Far East Asia, Western and Eastern Europe. Some of the difficulties of contemporary health systems tackled in certain chapters were: population aging, health spending, insurance coverage, health technology assessment, costs of pharmaceutical development, neurological disorder and diabetes economics, public health legislation and caregiver assessment in a traditional Asian setting. All of the aforementioned research might give a dynamic impetus and expand a mental horizon to the professionals dealing with these issues. We believe that this book deserves a broad global audience consisting of health care professionals, policy makers, health economists, clinical physicians and lay persons eager to expand their knowledge in the field. Our attitude is based on the worldwide academic recognition of the listed contributors. The degree of success of these ambitiously targeted efforts will be assessed by our esteemed audience in years to come.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Economics of the Biopharmaceutical Industry written by Patricia M. Danzon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-12 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biopharmaceutical industry has been a major driver of technological change in health care, producing unprecedented benefits for patients, cost challenges for payers, and profits for shareholders. As consumers and companies benefit from access to new drugs, policymakers around the globe seek mechanisms to control prices and expenditures commensurate with value. More recently the 1990s productivity boom of new products has turned into a productivity bust, with fewer and more modest innovations, and flat or declining revenues for innovative firms as generics replace their former blockbuster products. This timely volume examines the economics of the biopharmaceutical industry, with eighteen chapters by leading academic health economists. Part one examines the economics of biopharmaceutical innovation including determinants of the costs and returns to new drug development; how capital markets finance R&D and how costs of financing the biopharmaceutical industry compare to financing costs for other industries; the effects of safety and efficacy regulation by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and of price and reimbursement regulation on incentives for innovation; and the role of patents and regulatory exclusivities. Part two examines the market for biopharmaceuticals with chapters on prices and reimbursement in the US, the EU, and other industrialized countries, and in developing countries. It looks at the optimal design of insurance for drugs and the effects of cost sharing on spending and on health outcomes; how to measure the value of pharmaceuticals using pharmacoeconomics, including theory, practical challenges, and policy issues; how to measure pharmaceutical price growth over time and recent evidence; empirical evidence on the value of pharmaceuticals in terms of health outcomes; promotion of pharmaceuticals to physicians and consumers; the economics of vaccines; and a review of the evidence on effects of mergers, acquisitions and alliances. Each chapter summarizes the latest insights from theory and recent empirical evidence, and outlines important unanswered questions and areas for future research. Based on solid economics, it is nevertheless written in terms accessible to the general reader. The book is thus recommended reading for academic economists and non-economists, and for those in industry and policy who wish to understand the economics of this fascinating industry.