Download or read book Issues in Domestic Petroleum Pricing in Oil Producing Countries written by Benedict J. Clements and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2002-08-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses issues relating to the domestic pricing of petroleum in oil-producing countries. It finds that in most major oil-exporting countries, government policies keep domestic prices below free-market levels, resulting in implicit subsidies that equaled 3.0 percent of GDP, on average, in 1999. Moreover, the paper argues, these petroleum subsidies are inefficient and inequitable-entailing substantial opportunity costs in terms of forgone revenue or productive spending-and also procyclical, complicating macroeconomic management. Nonetheless, the elimination of petroleum subsidies is often politically difficult, although countervailing measures and publicity campaigns can help engender support for reform.
Download or read book Issues in Domestic Petroleum Pricing in Oil producing Countries written by Sanjeev Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Issues in Domestic Petroleum Pricing in Oil producing Countries written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Issues in domestic petroleum pricing in oil producing countries written by Sanjeev Gupta and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oil Prices and the Future of OPEC written by Theodore H. Moran and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The policy of the United States and, by extension, that of many oil importing countries, toward OPEC countries is in large part a function of an estimate of the factors that condition oil decisions in exporting countries. In this title, originally published in 1978, Ted Moran examines how immune OPEC can expect to be to the struggles over market shares that traditionally have beset attempts to organize natural resource cartels. Moran’s research leads him to argue that skyrocketing commitments to growth and social betterment leave little slack in national budgets and thus preclude output reductions for any extended period, or at least act as a substantial deterrent, unless such reductions come in support of an effort to raise real oil prices substantially. For any student interested in international policy making, economic development, or environmental studies, this title offers fascinating insights into the oil industry.
Download or read book Ownership and Control of Oil written by Bianca Sarbu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-05-09 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ownership and Control of Oil examines government decisions about how much control to exert over the petroleum industry, focusing on the role of National Oil Companies in the production of crude oil since the nationalizations in the 1970s. What are the motives for which some producing states opt for less and NOT more control of their oil production sector? When can International Oil Companies enter the upstream industry of producing states and under what conditions? The diversity of policy choices across producers provides the stage for this investigation: different theoretical explanations are confronted, with the empirical evidence, with the aim of finally proposing an interdisciplinary framework of analysis to explain who controls oil production around the world. This book is intended for both specialists and general readers who have an interest in the issue of government control of the petroleum industry. Due to its multidisciplinary approach, the book is aimed at a large academic public composed of scholars of Political Science, International Political Economy, Comparative Politics, and Middle East Area Studies. Moreover, this book should be relevant to international consultants, industry professionals and decision-makers in countries assessing their experience with existing control structures as well as the many countries in the process of joining the ‘petroleum club’ of oil producing nations.
Download or read book The Distributional Implications of the Impact of Fuel Price Increases on Inflation written by Mr. Kangni R Kpodar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the response of consumer price inflation to changes in domestic fuel prices, looking at the different categories of the overall consumer price index (CPI). We then combine household survey data with the CPI components to construct a CPI index for the poorest and richest income quintiles with the view to assess the distributional impact of the pass-through. To undertake this analysis, the paper provides an update to the Global Monthly Retail Fuel Price Database, expanding the product coverage to premium and regular fuels, the time dimension to December 2020, and the sample to 190 countries. Three key findings stand out. First, the response of inflation to gasoline price shocks is smaller, but more persistent and broad-based in developing economies than in advanced economies. Second, we show that past studies using crude oil prices instead of retail fuel prices to estimate the pass-through to inflation significantly underestimate it. Third, while the purchasing power of all households declines as fuel prices increase, the distributional impact is progressive. But the progressivity phases out within 6 months after the shock in advanced economies, whereas it persists beyond a year in developing countries.
Download or read book OPEC Twenty Years and Beyond written by Ragaei el Mallakh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-02 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addressing the major issues arising from the power ascribed to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), this book reflects the bredth, expertise and multifaceted viewpoints of the contributors: members of OPEC itself, industry representatives, and scholars and energy specialists from the USA, Europe and the Middle East. Throughout the book, the authors look at the potential of OPEC, discernible trends in such crucial areas as global petroleum supply and pricing, and the international economic and political implications of both.
Download or read book Pricing Problems written by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taxation of Petroleum Products written by Mrs.Poonam Gupta and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1994-03-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The domestic taxation of petroleum products is an important source of revenue in most countries. However, there is a wide variation of tax rates on petroleum products across countries, which cannot be explained by economic theory alone. This paper surveys different considerations advanced for taxing petroleum and presents petroleum tax rate data in 120 countries. It concludes that a significant reduction in the present extremely wide variation in petroleum prices and tax rates appears warranted.
Download or read book Petroleum Resources and Development written by Kameel I. F. Khan and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Energy written by Gary D. Eppen and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Domestic implications; International implications; World trade and balance of payments; Government regulations.
Download or read book Transnational Oil written by Zuhayr Mikdashi and published by London : F. Pinter. This book was released on 1986 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Consumer Countries in Determining International Oil Prices written by Jean-Pierre Angelier and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1987 international oil trading has been conducted within the framework of a free and competitive market. However, whenever tensions push up oil prices, concerns become manifest. The Organisation of Petroleum-Exporting Countries (OPEC) is singled out as an economic agent, which tends to hinder competitive play for its own profit, using a concerted policy of supply limitation to impose excessively high prices to its own advantage. We find these concerns unjustified. On the contrary, it seems that the main oil consumer countries give themselves the ability to influence oil prices, raising prices to levels, which are higher than they would be if competition mechanisms operated without asymmetry between market agents. Consumer countries limit their dependence on oil imports by implementing a heavy fiscal regime: high prices hold back demand growth, allow survival of domestic producers, whose oil production would otherwise be unprofitable, and favour development of oil-substituting energy sources. This policy of heavy domestic taxation of oil products is all the more acceptable for consumer countries because it contributes significantly to maintaining the balance of their public finances. We will present three main types of analysis of oil price setting mechanisms: consensus of analyses for the short and long term; analyses dealing with concentration of supply on the market as the main factor determining oil prices; and analyses in terms of competitive forces.
Download or read book The Middle East and North Africa in a Changing Oil Market written by Mr.Bright E Okogu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-09-05 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Middle Eastern countries7through their role in the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)7were at the center of the transformation of the market since they owned the bulk of world proven crude oil reserves. In addition to transforming their societies through the inflow of substantial amounts of oil revenue, the Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries encountered new challenges in the area of economic policy and management, including how to cope with the adverse impact of the variability of oil prices on growth. The primary focus of this pamphlet is the developments in the international oil market, the role of Middle Eastern countries therein, and the policy challenges arising from this dependency on oil.
Download or read book Automatic Fuel Pricing Mechanisms with Price Smoothing written by Mr.David Coady and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2013-02-05 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many developing and emerging countries do not fully pass-through increases in international fuel prices to domestic retail prices, with adverse consequences for fuel tax revenues and tax volatility. The adoption of an automatic fuel pricing mechanism can help to address this problem, and the incorporation of a price smoothing mechanism can ensure pass-through over the medium term but also avoid sharp increases (and decreases) in domestic prices. This technical note addresses the following issues: (i) the design of an automatic fuel pricing mechanism; (ii) the incorporation of domestic price smoothing and resulting tradeoffs; (iii) the transition from ad hoc pricing adjustments to an automatic mechanism; and (iv) policies to support this transition and the maintenance of an automatic mechanism. A standardized template for simulating and evaluating the implications of alternative pricing mechanisms for price and fiscal volatility is available on request.
Download or read book Subsidy Reform in the Middle East and North Africa written by Mr.Carlo A Sdralevich and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-07-09 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries price subsidies are common, especially on food and fuels. However, these are neither well targeted nor cost effective as a social protection tool, often benefiting mainly the better off instead of the poor and vulnerable. This paper explores the challenges of replacing generalized price subsidies with more equitable social safety net instruments, including the short-term inflationary effects, and describes the features of successful subsidy reforms.
