Download or read book Isotope Harvesting of Aqueous Phase Ions from Heavy ion Fragmentation Facilities for the Production of a 47ca 47sc Generator written by Emily Paige Abel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeted internal radiotherapy is a promising new treatment method for metastatic cancer. Several scandium isotopes, 43,44,47Sc, could serve as paired diagnostic and therapeutic (or "theranostic") isotopes for these diseases. While ideal production routes for diagnostic 43,44Sc have been found using small medical cyclotrons, research to find a sustainable production method for the therapeutic isotope 47Sc is ongoing. At the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) and in the future at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a supply of 47Ca, the parent of 47Sc, can be produced on a regular basis when the 48Ca primary beam is used. While the main function of this accelerated primary beam is to produce a user-specified secondary radioactive beam for nuclear physics experiments, > 90% of the accelerated primary beam goes unreacted and is collected in beam stops. When a beam blocker with a water interior is used, the 48Ca primary beam produces 47Ca as the most abundant fragment resulting from nuclear reactions in the beam blocker. This method of production termed "isotope harvesting", allows for the use of unreacted, accelerated beams for isotope production. In the future at FRIB, production of 47Ca through isotope harvesting is predicted to reach the TBq/day level when the 48Ca is in use. This supply of 47Ca will facility the production of 47Ca/47Sc generators for research quantities of 47Sc.Isotope harvesting methods for the generation of 47Sc, among other interesting products available through this production method, have been explored through several experiments at the NSCL and the Cyclotron Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. An isotope harvesting system has been developed to include a flowing-water target, components to condition and monitor the water, and components to collect radionuclidic products of interest. The durability of this system to irradiation conditions has been tested using a low intensity 40Ca irradiation and a high intensity proton irradiation. Through 48Ca irradiations at the NSCL, methods to collect and purify 47Ca have been tested and optimized. Using these methods, samples of 47Sc with high radionuclidic purity have been generated and used to radiolabel DTPA-TOC, a biologically active molecule used to target neuroendocrine tumors. This work has verified the feasibility of using isotope harvesting to generate 47Sc for nuclear medicine applications.
Download or read book Isotope Harvesting at Heavy ion Fragmentation Facilities written by Tara Mastren and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope harvesting from heavy-ion fragmentation facilities is a potential source of isotopes of interest for applications research. With the upgrade of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) to the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) usable quantities of many isotopes of interest will be produced and available for harvest from an aqueous beam dump. If available, these isotopes would be of interest to a broad range of applications such as medicine, geology, and stockpile stewardship. Preliminary experiments were performed at the NSCL in order to determine the feasibility of isotope harvesting at (FRIB). A water target station that consisted of a 100 mL beam dump was designed and built to collect secondary beams at the NSCL. This target station could be controlled remotely from outside of the experimental vault allowing for multiple collections with minimal exposure to radioactivity. Three secondary beam collections were made with the water target station: a 24Na beam, an analyzed 67Cu beam, and an unanalyzed 67Cu beam. To test the durability of the target station, a 73% pure 85 MeV/u 24Na secondary beam was stopped and collected in the beam dump. Multiple collections were made with currents up to 2 x 106 particles per second without visible radiolytic damage to the target cell. The station operated without any observed release of radiolytic gases, spills, or loss of radioactive liquids. The water target station was then used collect a 77% pure 76 MeV/u 67Cu secondary beam. 67Cu was separated from the other secondary beam contaminants with an average recovery of 88 ± 3 % and used to radiolabel an antibody. The radiochemical yield of 67Cu-NOTA-Bz-NCS-Trastuzumab was>95%. To better mimic the conditions that would be present in the beam dump at FRIB an unanalyzed beam was collected. This secondary beam was 2.6% pure and contained many contaminants most of which are located in period four of the periodic table. 67Cu was separated from the beam contaminants with an average recovery of 74 ± 4% and a radiochemical purity of>99%. The purified 67Cu was then used to radiolabel NOTA conjugated Panitumumab antibodies and injected into HCT-116 tumor bearing mice via tail vein injection. A five day biodistribution profile was obtained and the tumor uptake of 67Cu-NOTA-Bz-NCS-Panitumumab was measured to be 12.5 ± 0.7 % ID/g.
Download or read book Isotope Harvesting at Heavy ion Fragmentation Facilities written by Tara Mastren and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope harvesting from heavy-ion fragmentation facilities is a potential source of isotopes of interest for applications research. With the upgrade of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) to the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) usable quantities of many isotopes of interest will be produced and available for harvest from an aqueous beam dump. If available, these isotopes would be of interest to a broad range of applications such as medicine, geology, and stockpile stewardship. Preliminary experiments were performed at the NSCL in order to determine the feasibility of isotope harvesting at (FRIB). A water target station that consisted of a 100 mL beam dump was designed and built to collect secondary beams at the NSCL. This target station could be controlled remotely from outside of the experimental vault allowing for multiple collections with minimal exposure to radioactivity. Three secondary beam collections were made with the water target station: a 24Na beam, an analyzed 67Cu beam, and an unanalyzed 67Cu beam. To test the durability of the target station, a 73% pure 85 MeV/u 24Na secondary beam was stopped and collected in the beam dump. Multiple collections were made with currents up to 2 x 106 particles per second without visible radiolytic damage to the target cell. The station operated without any observed release of radiolytic gases, spills, or loss of radioactive liquids. The water target station was then used collect a 77% pure 76 MeV/u 67Cu secondary beam. 67Cu was separated from the other secondary beam contaminants with an average recovery of 88 ± 3 % and used to radiolabel an antibody. The radiochemical yield of 67Cu-NOTA-Bz-NCS-Trastuzumab was >95%. To better mimic the conditions that would be present in the beam dump at FRIB an unanalyzed beam was collected. This secondary beam was 2.6% pure and contained many contaminants most of which are located in period four of the periodic table. 67Cu was separated from the beam contaminants with an average recovery of 74 ± 4% and a radiochemical purity of >99%. The purified 67Cu was then used to radiolabel NOTA conjugated Panitumumab antibodies and injected into HCT-116 tumor bearing mice via tail vein injection. A five day biodistribution profile was obtained and the tumor uptake of 67Cu-NOTA-Bz-NCS-Panitumumab was measured to be 12.5 ± 0.7 % ID/g.
Download or read book Radiopharmaceuticals for Therapy written by F. F. (Russ) Knapp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed information on therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and discusses emerging technologies which have potential for broad clinical implementation. Recent advances in molecular biology, radiopharmaceutical chemistry and radioisotope production have stimulated a new era for the use of radiopharmaceuticals for targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Emerging clinical trials include use of peptides and monoclonal antibodies radiolabeled with therapeutic radionuclides for cancer therapy. In addition, small molecules are used for the treatment of chronic diseases such as metastatic bone pain palliation and radiation synovectomy of inflammatory joints. In the interventional arena, therapy of primary and metastatic liver cancer and arterial restenosis following angioplasty of both the coronary and peripheral arteries are being explored. Reactor and accelerator production of therapeutic radioisotopes is also integrated into these discussions. The development and use of radiopharmaceutical targeting characteristics required for treatment of specific disease processes and how these are implemented for radiopharmaceutical design strategies are also described. Radiopharmaceuticals for Therapy will benefit audiences in nuclear medicine and radionuclide therapy and will thus prove an invaluable source of up-to-date information for students, radiopharmaceutical scientists and professionals working in the radiopharmacy and nuclear medicine specialties.
Download or read book Physics for Radiation Protection written by James E. Martin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-07-11 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A highly practical reference for health physicists and other professionals, addressing practical problems in radiation protection, this new edition has been completely revised, updated and supplemented by such new sections as log-normal distribution and digital radiography, as well as new chapters on internal radiation dose and the environmental transport of radionuclides. Designed for readers with limited as well as basic science backgrounds, the handbook presents clear, thorough and up-to-date explanations of the basic physics necessary. It provides an overview of the major discoveries in radiation physics, plus extensive discussion of radioactivity, including sources and materials, as well as calculational methods for radiation exposure, comprehensive appendices and more than 400 figures. The text draws substantially on current resource data available, which is cross-referenced to standard compendiums, providing decay schemes and emission energies for approximately 100 of the most common radionuclides encountered by practitioners. Excerpts from the Chart of the Nuclides, activation cross sections, fission yields, fission-product chains, photon attenuation coefficients, and nuclear masses are also provided. Throughout, the author emphasizes applied concepts and carefully illustrates all topics using real-world examples as well as exercises. A much-needed working resource for health physicists and other radiation protection professionals.
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.
Download or read book Studies in Nuclear Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lipid Domains written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-06-08 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Topics in Membranes is targeted toward scientists and researchers in biochemistry and molecular and cellular biology, providing the necessary membrane research to assist them in discovering the current state of a particular field and in learning where that field is heading. This volume offers an up to date presentation of current knowledge in the field of Lipid Domains. - Written by leading experts - Contains original material, both textual and illustrative, that should become a very relevant reference material - The material is presented in a very comprehensive manner - Both researchers in the field and general readers should find relevant and up-to-date information
Download or read book Ecotoxicology of Explosives written by Geoffrey I. Sunahara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-06-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Managing sites contaminated with munitions constituents is an international challenge. Although the choice of approach and the use of Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) tools may vary from country to country, the assurance of quality and the direction of ecotoxicological research are universally recognized as shared concerns. Drawing on a multidiscip
Download or read book Fukushima Accident written by Pavel P. Povinec and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-07-27 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fukushima Accident: 10 Years After evaluates the post-Fukushima accident situation with up-to-date information, emphasizing radionuclide impacts on the terrestrial and marine environments, and comparing them to the pre-Fukushima accident levels of radionuclides in the environment. This is based on scientific results, as well as knowledge gathered from literature to provide current information on the present status, summarize 10 years of data on the Fukushima accident, and describe the present situation in the local, regional, and global time and space scales. It provides data on radioactivity released into the atmosphere and the ocean, the distribution of radionuclides in the world atmosphere and oceans, and their impact on the total environment, including assessments of radiation doses in Japanese and world populations from consumption of terrestrial food and seafood. It goes on to describe future aspects of the radioactive contamination of these environments and the health implications. This book informs environmental scientists, academics, and researchers in environmental science and nuclear energy as well as postgraduate students in the field of environmental science, radioactivity, and nuclear energy, on the present situation of radioactive contamination of Japan and in the world. Covers the Fukushima radioactivity impact on humans and the environment from the accident to the present Provides full information on radiation doses to Japanese citizens and biota, as well as to the world population, 10 years after the Fukushima accident Details transport of radionuclides in terrestrial and ocean environments, describing how to apply this information to ocean global circulation models and quantify radionuclide contamination of coastal regions Assesses future trends in radioactive contamination of the Fukushima site
Download or read book Sol Gel Methods for Materials Processing written by Yuriy L. Zub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-07-01 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sol-gel processing is a soft-chemistry method to obtain functional materials at low temperatures. This route can be used to produce very sophisticated nanomaterials and to tailor the materials to very specific applications. Adsorption and detection of pollutants, water purification and soil remediation represent challenging fields of application that can be exploited by sol-gel materials. In this volume several contributions from invited speakers and participants at the NATO advanced research workshop on "Sol-gel approaches to materials for pollution control, water purification and soil remediation", which has been held in Kiev, Ukraine on October 2007, are reported. The book offers a wide and updated overview of the most advanced sol-gel methods for materials processing and at the same time presents several case studies concerning possible solutions for environmental issues. General articles on sol-gel from the invited speakers and focused research articles allow getting inside sol-gel applications on this very important field.
Download or read book Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry written by Jonathan L. Sessler and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current diagnostic and therapeutic uses of metal-containing compounds in medicine, as well as the role of metals in disease.
Download or read book Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals ISTR 2019 written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2021-02-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of radiopharmaceuticals is an important tool not only for management of diseases and dysfunctions, but also for better understanding human diseases and developing effective treatment options, such as in the case of neurology. In this context, there is concern of continuous, impressive progress in nuclear medicine which is linked to the development of new radiopharmaceuticals and efficient production of relevant radioisotopes. These proceedings highlight the main findings and developments discussed during the International Symposium on Trends in Radiopharmaceuticals. They cover the key issues and advances in the field of radiopharmaceuticals from development, production, and use of diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals, as well as regulatory and licensing issues related to their production. Additional topics addressed were education, certification and training methodologies. A supplementary file contains the detailed programme of the symposium and the abstracts of all oral and poster presentations.
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Download or read book Statistical Methods in Radiation Physics written by James E. Turner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-08-27 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This statistics textbook, with particular emphasis on radiation protection and dosimetry, deals with statistical solutions to problems inherent in health physics measurements and decision making. The authors begin with a description of our current understanding of the statistical nature of physical processes at the atomic level, including radioactive decay and interactions of radiation with matter. Examples are taken from problems encountered in health physics, and the material is presented such that health physicists and most other nuclear professionals will more readily understand the application of statistical principles in the familiar context of the examples. Problems are presented at the end of each chapter, with solutions to selected problems provided online. In addition, numerous worked examples are included throughout the text.
Download or read book Neutron Personnel Dosimetry written by Robert B. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Nuclear Oncology written by Emilio Bombardieri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-10-15 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diagnostic and therapeutic achievements in radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine instrumentation - PET, SPECT, MR, CT and their hypbrids PET-CT and SPECT-CT - are the result of the interdisciplinary research efforts of cell-biologists, chemists, pharmacologists, physicists, computer-scientists, engineers, nuclear medicine physicians, a
