Download or read book Isotope Harvesting at Heavy ion Fragmentation Facilities written by Tara Mastren and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope harvesting from heavy-ion fragmentation facilities is a potential source of isotopes of interest for applications research. With the upgrade of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) to the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) usable quantities of many isotopes of interest will be produced and available for harvest from an aqueous beam dump. If available, these isotopes would be of interest to a broad range of applications such as medicine, geology, and stockpile stewardship. Preliminary experiments were performed at the NSCL in order to determine the feasibility of isotope harvesting at (FRIB). A water target station that consisted of a 100 mL beam dump was designed and built to collect secondary beams at the NSCL. This target station could be controlled remotely from outside of the experimental vault allowing for multiple collections with minimal exposure to radioactivity. Three secondary beam collections were made with the water target station: a 24Na beam, an analyzed 67Cu beam, and an unanalyzed 67Cu beam. To test the durability of the target station, a 73% pure 85 MeV/u 24Na secondary beam was stopped and collected in the beam dump. Multiple collections were made with currents up to 2 x 106 particles per second without visible radiolytic damage to the target cell. The station operated without any observed release of radiolytic gases, spills, or loss of radioactive liquids. The water target station was then used collect a 77% pure 76 MeV/u 67Cu secondary beam. 67Cu was separated from the other secondary beam contaminants with an average recovery of 88 ± 3 % and used to radiolabel an antibody. The radiochemical yield of 67Cu-NOTA-Bz-NCS-Trastuzumab was>95%. To better mimic the conditions that would be present in the beam dump at FRIB an unanalyzed beam was collected. This secondary beam was 2.6% pure and contained many contaminants most of which are located in period four of the periodic table. 67Cu was separated from the beam contaminants with an average recovery of 74 ± 4% and a radiochemical purity of>99%. The purified 67Cu was then used to radiolabel NOTA conjugated Panitumumab antibodies and injected into HCT-116 tumor bearing mice via tail vein injection. A five day biodistribution profile was obtained and the tumor uptake of 67Cu-NOTA-Bz-NCS-Panitumumab was measured to be 12.5 ± 0.7 % ID/g.
Download or read book Isotope Harvesting at Heavy ion Fragmentation Facilities written by Tara Mastren and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope harvesting from heavy-ion fragmentation facilities is a potential source of isotopes of interest for applications research. With the upgrade of the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) to the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) usable quantities of many isotopes of interest will be produced and available for harvest from an aqueous beam dump. If available, these isotopes would be of interest to a broad range of applications such as medicine, geology, and stockpile stewardship. Preliminary experiments were performed at the NSCL in order to determine the feasibility of isotope harvesting at (FRIB). A water target station that consisted of a 100 mL beam dump was designed and built to collect secondary beams at the NSCL. This target station could be controlled remotely from outside of the experimental vault allowing for multiple collections with minimal exposure to radioactivity. Three secondary beam collections were made with the water target station: a 24Na beam, an analyzed 67Cu beam, and an unanalyzed 67Cu beam. To test the durability of the target station, a 73% pure 85 MeV/u 24Na secondary beam was stopped and collected in the beam dump. Multiple collections were made with currents up to 2 x 106 particles per second without visible radiolytic damage to the target cell. The station operated without any observed release of radiolytic gases, spills, or loss of radioactive liquids. The water target station was then used collect a 77% pure 76 MeV/u 67Cu secondary beam. 67Cu was separated from the other secondary beam contaminants with an average recovery of 88 ± 3 % and used to radiolabel an antibody. The radiochemical yield of 67Cu-NOTA-Bz-NCS-Trastuzumab was >95%. To better mimic the conditions that would be present in the beam dump at FRIB an unanalyzed beam was collected. This secondary beam was 2.6% pure and contained many contaminants most of which are located in period four of the periodic table. 67Cu was separated from the beam contaminants with an average recovery of 74 ± 4% and a radiochemical purity of >99%. The purified 67Cu was then used to radiolabel NOTA conjugated Panitumumab antibodies and injected into HCT-116 tumor bearing mice via tail vein injection. A five day biodistribution profile was obtained and the tumor uptake of 67Cu-NOTA-Bz-NCS-Panitumumab was measured to be 12.5 ± 0.7 % ID/g.
Download or read book Isotope Harvesting of Aqueous Phase Ions from Heavy ion Fragmentation Facilities for the Production of a 47ca 47sc Generator written by Emily Paige Abel and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Targeted internal radiotherapy is a promising new treatment method for metastatic cancer. Several scandium isotopes, 43,44,47Sc, could serve as paired diagnostic and therapeutic (or "theranostic") isotopes for these diseases. While ideal production routes for diagnostic 43,44Sc have been found using small medical cyclotrons, research to find a sustainable production method for the therapeutic isotope 47Sc is ongoing. At the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL) and in the future at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB), a supply of 47Ca, the parent of 47Sc, can be produced on a regular basis when the 48Ca primary beam is used. While the main function of this accelerated primary beam is to produce a user-specified secondary radioactive beam for nuclear physics experiments, > 90% of the accelerated primary beam goes unreacted and is collected in beam stops. When a beam blocker with a water interior is used, the 48Ca primary beam produces 47Ca as the most abundant fragment resulting from nuclear reactions in the beam blocker. This method of production termed "isotope harvesting", allows for the use of unreacted, accelerated beams for isotope production. In the future at FRIB, production of 47Ca through isotope harvesting is predicted to reach the TBq/day level when the 48Ca is in use. This supply of 47Ca will facility the production of 47Ca/47Sc generators for research quantities of 47Sc.Isotope harvesting methods for the generation of 47Sc, among other interesting products available through this production method, have been explored through several experiments at the NSCL and the Cyclotron Lab at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. An isotope harvesting system has been developed to include a flowing-water target, components to condition and monitor the water, and components to collect radionuclidic products of interest. The durability of this system to irradiation conditions has been tested using a low intensity 40Ca irradiation and a high intensity proton irradiation. Through 48Ca irradiations at the NSCL, methods to collect and purify 47Ca have been tested and optimized. Using these methods, samples of 47Sc with high radionuclidic purity have been generated and used to radiolabel DTPA-TOC, a biologically active molecule used to target neuroendocrine tumors. This work has verified the feasibility of using isotope harvesting to generate 47Sc for nuclear medicine applications.
Download or read book Preparing for Harvesting Radioisotopes from FRIB written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) is the next generation accelerator facility under construction at Michigan State University. FRIB will produce a wide variety of rare isotopes by a process called projectile fragmentation for a broad range of new experiments when it comes online in 2020. The accelerated rare isotope beams produced in this facility will be more intense than any current facility in the world - in many cases by more than 1000-fold. These beams will be available to the primary users of FRIB in order to do exciting new fundamental research with accelerated heavy ions. In the standard mode of operation, this will mean one radioisotope will be selected at a time for the user. However, the projectile fragmentation process also yields hundreds of other radioisotopes at these bombarding energies, and many of these rare isotopes are long-lived and could have practical applications in medicine, national security or the environment. This project developed new methods to collect these long-lived rare isotopes that are by-products of the standard FRIB operation. These isotopes are important to many areas of research, thus this project will have a broad impact in several scientific areas including medicine, environment and homeland security.
Download or read book Demonstrating Gas phase Harvesting Capabilities at the Nscl Through the Production and Collection of 76kr and 77kr written by Hannah Kaitlyn Clause and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nearly completed Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) operated by Michigan State University is expected to deliver beams of exotic nuclei for fundamental nuclear science research. As FRIB fulfills this mission, many other by-product radionuclides will be simultaneously produced that could be collected without interference to the primary experiment. These co-produced radionuclides will be available as both gaseous and dissolved species in various locations throughout FRIB, but particularly in the water-filled primary beam dump just after the production target. By recycling the water through a chemical system, it will be possible to collect the radionuclides through a process known as "isotope harvesting."In order to access the by-product radionuclides in the FRIB beam dump from both the aqueous and gaseous phases, a water-filled beam blocker and harvesting system have been developed and tested at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL), a heavy-ion fragmentation facility similar to FRIB with less capabilities and lower beam intensities. Previous harvesting experiments at the NSCL focused on the feasibility of aqueous-phase harvesting of various radionuclides from different reaction and chemical systems; however, little research into the feasibility of simultaneously harvesting gaseous radionuclides from the system has been done.To demonstrate gas-phase harvesting capabilities at the NSCL and the future FRIB, a gas processing line was designed to be implemented during a low-intensity 150 MeV/nucleon 78Kr irradiation of water with the intent to collect 76Kr and 77Kr to use as generators for 76Br and 77Br, respectively. Before using the harvesting system in the 78Kr irradiation, the durability of the materials and the chemical and physical behavior of the gas stream were tested during a low-intensity 140 MeV/nucleon 40Ca irradiation. And following the 78Kr irradiation, the chemical state of the gas stream was further analyzed during a high-intensity 140 MeV/nucleon 48Ca irradiation. Through this work, target materials were tested, radiolysis products were measured, and the first true test of the gas-phase harvesting capabilities at the NSCL was demonstrated. The insight gained from the experiments described here will lead to successful gas-phase harvesting experiments at FRIB to produce and collect noble gas generators.
Download or read book On line Isotope Separation of Projectile Fragments Produced in Relativistic Heavy ion Reactions written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new on-line separator was constructed and used successfully for the study on short-lived isotopes at the Bevalac at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. The isotopes were produced through projectile fragmentation processes of high energy heavy-ion reactions. Various isotopes were rigidity-separated by use of a beam line and, finally, the desired single isotope was range-analyzed to stop in a catcher. A large number of .beta.-emitting 21F nuclei were successfully collected and the nuclear lifetime was determined by detecting .beta. rays. 11 refs., 2 figs.
Download or read book Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry written by Jason S. Lewis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive guide to radiopharmaceutical chemistry. The stunning clinical successes of nuclear imaging and targeted radiotherapy have resulted in rapid growth in the field of radiopharmaceutical chemistry, an essential component of nuclear medicine and radiology. However, at this point, interest in the field outpaces the academic and educational infrastructure needed to train radiopharmaceutical chemists. For example, the vast majority of texts that address radiopharmaceutical chemistry do so only peripherally, focusing instead on nuclear chemistry (i.e. nuclear reactions in reactors), heavy element radiochemistry (i.e. the decomposition of radioactive waste), or solely on the clinical applications of radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. the use of PET tracers in oncology). This text fills that gap by focusing on the chemistry of radiopharmaceuticals, with key coverage of how that knowledge translates to the development of diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals for the clinic. The text is divided into three overarching sections: First Principles, Radiochemistry, and Special Topics. The first is a general overview covering fundamental and broad issues like “The Production of Radionuclides” and “Basics of Radiochemistry”. The second section is the main focus of the book. In this section, each chapter’s author will delve much deeper into the subject matter, covering both well established and state-of-the-art techniques in radiopharmaceutical chemistry. This section will be divided according to radionuclide and will include chapters on radiolabeling methods using all of the common nuclides employed in radiopharmaceuticals, including four chapters on the ubiquitously used fluorine-18 and a “Best of the Rest” chapter to cover emerging radionuclides. Finally, the third section of the book is dedicated to special topics with important information for radiochemists, including “Bioconjugation Methods,” “Click Chemistry in Radiochemistry”, and “Radiochemical Instrumentation.” This is an ideal educational guide for nuclear medicine physicians, radiologists, and radiopharmaceutical chemists, as well as residents and trainees in all of these areas.
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-25 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal goals of the study were to articulate the scientific rationale and objectives of the field and then to take a long-term strategic view of U.S. nuclear science in the global context for setting future directions for the field. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter provides a long-term assessment of an outlook for nuclear physics. The first phase of the report articulates the scientific rationale and objectives of the field, while the second phase provides a global context for the field and its long-term priorities and proposes a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond. In the second phase of the study, also developing a framework for progress through 2020 and beyond, the committee carefully considered the balance between universities and government facilities in terms of research and workforce development and the role of international collaborations in leveraging future investments. Nuclear physics today is a diverse field, encompassing research that spans dimensions from a tiny fraction of the volume of the individual particles (neutrons and protons) in the atomic nucleus to the enormous scales of astrophysical objects in the cosmos. Nuclear Physics: Exploring the Heart of Matter explains the research objectives, which include the desire not only to better understand the nature of matter interacting at the nuclear level, but also to describe the state of the universe that existed at the big bang. This report explains how the universe can now be studied in the most advanced colliding-beam accelerators, where strong forces are the dominant interactions, as well as the nature of neutrinos.
Download or read book Measurement and Control of Charged Particle Beams written by Michiko G. Minty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the reviews: "This book is a very welcome and valuable addition to the accelerator literature. As noted by the authors, there is relatively little material in the book specifically for low-energy machines, but industrial users may still find it useful to read." Cern Courier
Download or read book Liquid Membranes written by Vladimir S Kislik and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-08-31 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid Membranes: Principles and Applications in Chemical Separations and Wastewater Treatment discusses the principles and applications of the liquid membrane (LM) separation processes in organic and inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, biomedical engineering, gas separation, and wastewater treatment. It presents updated, useful, and systematized information on new LM separation technologies, along with new developments in the field. It provides an overview of LMs and LM processes, and it examines the mechanisms and kinetics of carrier-facilitated transport through LMs. It also discusses active transport, driven by oxidation-reduction, catalytic, and bioconversion reactions on the LM interfaces; modifications of supported LMs; bulk aqueous hybrid LM processes with water-soluble carriers; emulsion LMs and their applications; and progress in LM science and engineering. This book will be of value to students and young researchers who are new to separation science and technology, as well as to scientists and engineers involved in the research and development of separation technologies, LM separations, and membrane reactors. - Provides comprehensive knowledge-based information on the principles and applications of a variety of liquid membrane separation processes - Contains a critical analysis of new technologies published in the last 15 years
Download or read book The 4th International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses written by Carl J. Gross and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-10 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Conference on Exotic Nuclei and Atomic Masses (ENAM) has gained the status of the premier meeting for the physics of nuclei far from stability. The selected and refereed papers presenting the main results constitute valuable proceedings that offer everyone working in this field an authoritative and comprehensive source of reference.
Download or read book Radiation and Health written by Thormod Henriksen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-09-05 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation and the effects of radioactivity have been known for more than 100 years. International research spanning this period has yielded a great deal of information about radiation and its biological effects and this activity has resulted in the discovery of many applications in medicine and industry including cancer therapy, medical diagnostics
Download or read book Quantitative Proteomics by Mass Spectrometry written by Salvatore Sechi and published by Methods in Molecular Biology. This book was released on 2018-04-15 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes prominent methodologies developed by laboratories that have been leading the field of quantitative proteomics by mass spectrometry. The procedures for performing the experiments are described in an easy-to-understand manner with many technical details that usually are not reported in typical research articles. This second edition of Quantitative Proteomics by Mass Spectrometry provides a broad perspective of the methodologies used for quantifying proteins and post-translational modifications in different types of biomedical specimens. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and thorough, Quantitative Proteomics by Mass Spectrometry, Second Edition is a valuable resource to help researchers understand and learn about the latest tools used in the study of quantitative proteomics by mass spectrometry.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics written by Zohreh Parsa and published by American Inst. of Physics. This book was released on 2004-03-09 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this meeting, as with the seven previous conferences in this series, was to bring together particle and nuclear physicists to share scientific reports and discuss areas of research which overlap both their disciplines. Its relevance has steadily grown as the areas of overlap between particle and nuclear physics have increased. In addition, the success of the standard model has provided a common underpinning for both disciplines as well as similar fundamental goals. Indeed, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) has proven to be "the" theory of strong interactions. As such, it forms the basis for nuclear physics as well as high energy hadronic interactions. Topics included are: QCD spectroscopy and dynamics, relativistic heavy ions, QCD and nuclear structure, lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron scattering, heavy quark and heavy lepton physics, spin physics, nuclear and particle astrophysics, neutrinos, accelerators, facilities and detectors, as well as tests of fundamental symmetries.
Download or read book Studies in Nuclear Physics written by and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals written by Michael J. Welch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-01-17 with total page 872 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date reference for the newcomer to radiopharmaceuticals and those already in the field. Radiopharmaceuticals are used to detect and characterise disease processes, or normal biological function, in living cells, animals or humans. Used as tracer molecules, they map the distribution, uptake and metabolism of the molecule in clinical studies, basic research or applied research. The area of radiopharmaceuticals is expanding rapidly. The number of PET centers in the world is increasing at 20% per year, and many drug companies are utilising PET and other forms of radiopharmaceutical imaging to evaluate products. * Readers will find coverage on a number of important topics such as radionuclide production, PET and drug development, and regulations * Explains how to use radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer and other diseases * The editors and a majority of the contributors are from the United States
