Download or read book Handbook of Ion Sources written by Bernhard Wolf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-12 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Ion Sources delivers the data needed for daily work with ion sources. It also gives information for the selection of a suitable ion source and ion production method for a specific application. The Handbook concentrates on practical aspects and introduces the principle function of ion sources. The basic plasma parameters are defined and discussed. The working principles of various ion sources are explained, and examples of each type of ion source are presented with their operational data. Tables of ion current for various elements and charge states summarize the performance of different ion sources. The problems related to the production of ions of non-gaseous elements are detailed, and data on useful materials for evaporation and ion source construction are summarized. Additional chapters are dedicated to extraction and beam formation, ion beam diagnosis, ion source electronics, and computer codes for extraction, acceleration, and beam transport. Emittance and brilliance are described and space charge effects and neutralization discussed. Various methods for the measurement of current, profile, emittance, and time structure are presented and compared. Intensity limits for these methods are provided for different ion energies. Typical problems related to the operation of ion source plasmas are discussed and practical examples of circuits are given. The influence of high voltage on ion source electronics and possibilities for circuit protection are covered. The generation of microwaves and various microwave equipment are described and special problems related to microwave operation are summarized. The Handbook of Ion Sources is a valuable reference on the subject, of benefit to practitioners and graduate students interested in accelerators, ion implantation, and ion beam techniques.
Download or read book Handbook of Charged Particle Optics written by Jon Orloff and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-06-25 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely handbook contains chapters on the essential elements of high resolution charged particle optics and is written by many of the world's leading research scientists. It is a complete guide to understanding, designing, and using high resolution instrumentation such as transmission electron microscopes (TEMs), scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs), and focused ion beam (FIB) systems. This handbook is evenly balanced between theory and application, and covers all the most important topics in this growing area. Handbook of High Resolution Charged Particle Optics explains how and why high resolution instruments work and how to apply this information when designing or using them.
Download or read book Metal Clusters written by Frank Träger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains papers which have been presented at the International Sym posium on Metal Clusters in Heidelberg from April 7-11, 1986. Clusters, and in particular metal clusters, have been the topic of fa~t growing scientific interest. Indeed, clusters constitute a field of interdisciplinary nature where both physical and chemical questions have to be addressed. Clusters are offundamental importance for the deeper understanding of the transition from atoms via molecules and larger aggregates of particles to the properties of solid materials. Moreover, metal clusters and their character istics are of vital significance for such applied topics as catalysis or photography. Experimentally, the field exhibited rapid progress in the last years. Different sources for clusters have been developed. Intense beams made possible the investigation of free neutral clusters and cluster ions as well. Even though a number of issues concerning metal clusters is still discussed controversially, the present volume tries to give an overview of current work in this field and to illustrate the large variety of experiments as well as the advances made possible by modern theoretical methods. Looking at the many interesting questions still to be addressed it is fair to propose a rapid further growth of this field.
Download or read book Index of Conference Proceedings Received written by British Library. Lending Division and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Vacuum Metallurgy November 26 30 1982 Keidanren Kaikan Tokyo Japan written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 866 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Focused Ion Beams from Liquid Metal Ion Sources written by P. D. Prewett and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1991-10-02 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an up-to-date review and analysis of liquid metal ion sources and their applications. The contents range from a discussion of the fundamental physics underlying operation of the liquid metal ion sources, through the technical details of their construction and manufacture to their performance characteristics. Their use in focused ion beam systems is covered in detail, including a discussion of the fundamentals of ion optical focusing column design and the various microengineering applications.
Download or read book Glow Discharge Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon written by K. Tanaka and published by Springer. This book was released on 1989-11-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A graduate-level description of recent Japanese research on the chemistry of amorphous silicon film deposition associated with plasma CVD, a step in producing amorphous semiconductors. Reports on studies (of microscopic processes of gas-phase reaction as well as chemical reactions on the film growin
Download or read book Diffusion and Defect Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 840 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Official Summary of Security Transactions and Holdings Reported to the Securities and Exchange Commission Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935 written by United States. Securities and Exchange Commission and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economic History of Italy 1860 1990 written by Vera Zamagni and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1993-10-28 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a full account of the economic and social history of Italy since unification (1860), with an introduction covering the previous period since the Middle Ages. The Economic History of Italy represents a scholarly and authoritative account of Italy's progress from a rural economy to an industrialized nation. The book makes a broad division of the period into three parts: the take-off (1860-1913), the consolidation in the midst of two wars and a world depression (1914-47), and the great expansion (1948-1990). Professor Zamagni traces the growth of industrialization, and argues that despite several advanced areas Italy only became an industrialized nation after the Second World War, and that during the 1980s the South was still clearly behind the rest of the country. Zamagni analyses data both from a macroeconomic position, in looking at the growth of the finance sector, or the role of the State, and from a microeconomic position when she draws conclusions from the changing population structure, or from the actions of individual businesses. Professor Zamagni reveals that even though the population more than doubled during this time the level of national income rose 19-fold, to move Italy from a peripheral status in Europe to a central position as a prosperous country. A central theme of the book is Professor Zamagni's argument that the Italian economy has been successful not by any great individuality of its own but by being flexible enough to incorporate the successes of other countries: Japan's integrated business network, for example, or Germany's financial structure. She places the industrialization of Italy in the international context by comparing Italy's GDP and other measures of prosperity at different times to the USA, Japan, the UK, France, and Germany. The book is based on original field-work by the author, and the many detailed but small-scale studies existing in Italian. Quantitative trends are described in more than 70 tables of data, while the book provides appendices containing chronologies of main events in various sectors and biographies.
Download or read book The Dynamics of Knowledge Externalities written by Cristiano Antonelli and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book elaborates a new path dependent and localized growth theory based upon knowledge externalities by making two important contributions. Firstly, it elaborates the hypothesis that total factor productivity growth stems from pecuniary knowledge externalities that consist in the access to localized external knowledge, at costs that are below equilibrium levels. Secondly, it implements the economic analysis of complex dynamic systems with a novel approach to understanding the role of knowledge interactions and knowledge governance mechanisms in the generation of new technological knowledge within economic systems characterized by webs of interdependence.
Download or read book Foreign Agricultural Economic Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book CUDA Fortran for Scientists and Engineers written by Gregory Ruetsch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-11 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CUDA Fortran for Scientists and Engineers shows how high-performance application developers can leverage the power of GPUs using Fortran, the familiar language of scientific computing and supercomputer performance benchmarking. The authors presume no prior parallel computing experience, and cover the basics along with best practices for efficient GPU computing using CUDA Fortran. To help you add CUDA Fortran to existing Fortran codes, the book explains how to understand the target GPU architecture, identify computationally intensive parts of the code, and modify the code to manage the data and parallelism and optimize performance. All of this is done in Fortran, without having to rewrite in another language. Each concept is illustrated with actual examples so you can immediately evaluate the performance of your code in comparison. Leverage the power of GPU computing with PGI’s CUDA Fortran compiler Gain insights from members of the CUDA Fortran language development team Includes multi-GPU programming in CUDA Fortran, covering both peer-to-peer and message passing interface (MPI) approaches Includes full source code for all the examples and several case studies Download source code and slides from the book's companion website
Download or read book International Health Data Reference Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Index of Specifications and Standards written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 842 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Youth Policies and Unemployment in Europe written by Paola Giannoni and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2021-11-15 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Youth Policies and Unemployment in Europe Paola Giannoni analyses the situation of the European youth regarding the changes in the job market dynamics and the strategies implemented by the EU for the social inclusion of young people.
