Download or read book IPO Market Timing written by Aydo[gbreve Alt[inodot] and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I develop a model of information spillovers in initial public offerings (IPOs). The outcomes of pioneers` IPOs reflect participating investors` private information on common valuation factors. This makes the pricing of subsequent issues relatively easier and attracts more firms to the IPO market. I show that IPO market timing by the followers emerges as an equilibrium clustering pattern. High offer price realizations for pioneers` IPOs better reflect investors` private information and trigger a larger number of subsequent IPOs than low offer price realizations do. This asymmetry in the spillover effect is more pronounced early on in a hot market. The model provides an explanation for recent empirical findings that illustrate the high sensitivity of going public decision to IPO market conditions.
Download or read book IPO Market Timing written by Adam Szyszka and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until now, IPO market timing has been mostly associated with a varying number of IPOs in certain periods of “hot” and “cold” issue markets. We would like to offer a different perspective. We focus on a speed of the IPO process, after the decision to go public was actually made. Our hypothesis is that in “hot market” managers will tend to minimize the time necessary to go public in order to take advantage of high valuations as quickly as possible. On the contrary, if the firm is not ready with the IPO on time and in the meantime the market falls during the going-public process, managers will tend to delay the IPO hoping that the good conjuncture will come back soon. We argue that such a behavior might be attributed to the disposition effect among firms' managers.We find a statistically significant negative correlation between the market return and the speed of the IPO process. The absolute correlation coefficient is higher when the market return is calculated 90 days prior to the Approval Date of the prospectus than when it is calculated 90 days after the Approval Date. Hence, a vast part of the market influence on the speed of the offering process has its origin at the time when offering is formally not possible yet. External factors occurring after the Approval Date seem to be less important than the managerial decision influenced by observation of the market situation prior to the Approval Date. We also find that for firms debuting faster than the median of our sample, the average market return in the period between the IPO date and the median is positive. On the other hand, in the group of slower firms, the average market return in the period between the median and the IPO date is negative. There is an analogy between firms - debuting too fast in bullish market and too slow in bearish market, and investors - selling winning stocks too quickly and keeping falling stocks for too long in their portfolios. Both managers and investors seem to be biased by the S-shape utility function, as predicted by the prospect theory of Kahnemann and Tversky (1979).
Download or read book IPO Market Timing with Uncertain Aftermarket Retail Demand written by Francisco Santos and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop a simple model of IPO timing with uncertain aftermarket retail demand. Firms prefer to go public when they expect to exploit sentiment-driven investors' overvaluations by setting offer prices above fundamental value. However, some firms have profitable investment opportunities that require immediate financing. This generates two empirical predictions: (i) the quality of the issuers' investments and (ii) their long-run performance decrease with expected retail demand. Using average IPO first-day returns as a proxy for retail demand, we find strong empirical support for the model. First, following the IPO, issuers in low-underpricing periods become more profitable and have higher investment rates than their peers. In contrast, issuers in high-underpricing periods have similar investment rates as their control firms, but become less profitable. Second, issuers in high-underpricing periods tend to underperform in the long-run, while issuers in low-underpricing periods do not.
Download or read book Market Timing and Exit Choices written by Eric R. Ball and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our results shed new light on interpretations of statistical evidence of market timing in prior research on IPO timing and exit choice. We examine IPO and acquisition waves and exit choices for 7082 venture-backed private companies over the 29-year period from 1978 through 2006. Consistent with other literature, we hypothesize that levels of IPO and acquisition activity and the choice between IPO and acquisition may be affected by market timing or by pseudo market timing that reflects variations in (i) information asymmetry, (ii) capital demand, and (iii) the relative cost of the alternatives. Based on any of several testing criteria and using either the full sample, or sector-specific subsamples, we find evidence of pseudo market timing. IPOs are selected during periods when market-wide demand for growth capital is high, adverse selection costs are low, the value of protecting private information is low, and market values have been rising. We find no consistent support for the market timing hypothesis, that issuers are more likely to select IPOs during periods when investors are over-optimistic such that subsequent market returns are negative, negatively related to IPO activity, or lower than market returns after exits by acquisition.
Download or read book The Performance of IPO Investment Strategies and Pseudo Market Timing Evidence from Germany written by Andreas Trauten and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyse the performance of simple investment strategies in IPOs based on a large sample of IPOs in Germany between 1985 and 2002. We find that investing in each IPO and disinvesting after a certain holding period yields significantly negative abnormal performance compared to a broad market index on average. In contrast, investing in a portfolio that comprises recent IPOs does not result in statistically significant underperformance. Since the only difference between these strategies is that the first weights each IPO equally and the latter weights each calendar month equally, this finding implies that firms going public in hot IPO markets perform worse than those going public in cold markets. Schultz (2003) offers a rational explanation for the clustering of IPOs at market peaks and subsequent underperformance which he calls pseudo market timing. It arises if firms' propensity to go public increases with market price levels. Indeed, we find that the IPO activity in Germany can largely be explained by price levels. We apply simulations in order to test the extent to which pseudo market timing can account for economically significant underperformance of IPOs in Germany. We find that pseudo market timing can partly explain the performance of IPO investment strategies between 1985 and 2002. Our results indicate that investing in a portfolio of recent IPOs is preferable to investing in each firm going public separately.
Download or read book Behavioral Finance and Capital Markets written by A. Szyszka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-09-04 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral Finance helps investors understand unusual asset prices and empirical observations originating out of capital markets. At its core, this field of study aids investors in navigating complex psychological trappings in market behavior and making smarter investment decisions. Behavioral Finance and Capital Markets reveals the main foundations underpinning neoclassical capital market and asset pricing theory, as filtered through the lens of behavioral finance. Szyszka presents and classifies many of the dynamic arguments being made in the current literature on the topic through the use of a new, ground-breaking methodology termed: the General Behavioral Asset Pricing Model (GBM). GBM describes how asset prices are influenced by various behavioral heuristics and how these prices deviate from fundamental values due to irrational behavior on the part of investors. The connection between psychological factors responsible for irrational behavior and market pricing anomalies is featured extensively throughout the text. Alternative explanations for various theoretical and empirical market puzzles - such as the 2008 U.S. financial crisis - are also discussed in a convincing and interesting manner. The book also provides interesting insights into behavioral aspects of corporate finance.
Download or read book IPOs for Everyone written by Linda R. Killian and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2001-01-31 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Founders of Renaissance Capital and the IPO Aftermarket Fund get in on the cutting edge of today's economy The business press has declared IPOs-Initial Public Offerings-dead seven times in the past ten years. Every time they've been wrong. Far from being deterred by the IPO obituaries, the authors of IPOs for Everyone show that these times in the IPO market consistently present the best buys. Once reserved for a select group of Wall Street pros, there are now many opportunities for individual investors to take advantage of in the IPO groundswell. IPOs have become a must have for investors who wish to diversify their portfolio. IPOs for Everyone, reveals the twelve secrets used by the founders of Renaissance Capital, the leading IPO research and money management firm, to pick a winning IPO investment. This timely book provides the inside knowledge that investors must have to play the volatile IPO market successfully, including: finding the best companies on the block, getting favorable pricing and seeking out buying opportunities in the aftermarket.
Download or read book The Specific Underpricing of Ipos in U S Stock Markets written by Claus Birkenbeul and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Master's Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,3, Munich Business School University of Applied Sciences, language: English, abstract: The economical development is improving and world trade volumes are expected to recover. The recorvery process is developing constantly but slowly: Share prices have rebounded within 2009, worldwide trade volumes have recovered slightly and are expected to catch up with values from the end of 2008 during the next year (cf. OECD 2009). The world is recovering from one of the most severe economic downturns since The Great Depression. Comparing GDP volumes from the previous period at the same time, OECD countries lost up to 2%. As a logical consequence the U.S. IPO market has been affected by the economic meltdown as well. "IPO activity tends to cluster in certain time periods, thus it appears in waves, so-called hot IPO markets" (Hamer 2007, 9). From 2007 to 2008 th e number of IPOs decreased. The U.S. market broke down by more than 85% in one year. In 2007 there were 160 IPOs whereas in 2008 21 securities went public fort the first time (cf. Ritter 2010, 2). After the slowest year for IPOs since the 1970s, the market began to show signs of life again in 2009. The number of offerings increased by 21% although the offering value decreased by almost 15% (cf. PWC 2010). [...]
Download or read book Trade IPOs Online written by Matthew D. Zito and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2001-10-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cash in on the Internet IPO Investment Revolution trade IPOs online "Whatever business you are in, the one common thread is that information is power. In this book you will find out how to get it and then how to use it for profit." -from the Foreword by David Menlow, President, IPOfinancial.com "Bust open that smoky back room and let the IPO Guys show you how the individual investor can play the IPO market." -Jay Sears, Senior Vice President, EDGAR Online, Inc. "Any investor desiring to participate in IPOs need look no further than this fantastic book. Zito and Olejarczyk have done a tremendous service to individual investors by clearly explaining how to participate in the IPO market, from basic IPO participation to sophisticated investing techniques." -Corey E. Ostman, Chief Technology Officer, Alert-IPO! "Trade IPOs Online is an excellent primer for the novice online investor." -Scott Ryles, President and Chief Executive Officer, Epoch Capital Partners
Download or read book Pricing and Performance of Initial Public Offerings in the United States written by Arvin Ghosh and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this timely volume on newly emerging financial mar- kets and investment strategies, Arvin Ghosh explores the intriguing topic of initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities, among the most significant phenomena in the United States stock markets in recent years. Before the 2000-2001 market turndown, hardly a week went by when more than a few companies did not become public, either in the organized stock exchange or in the Over the Counter (OTC) market. In the often over-burdened, technology-heavy Nasdaq market, the role of IPOs was crucial for the market's new vigor and growth. Internet stocks were able to find a mode to supply key momentum to the market. In the so-called "New Economy" of the 1990s, it was the seductively accessible IPO that ushered in the world's information technology revolution.Ghosh sets out to examine the pricing and financial performance of IPOs in the United States during the period 1990-2001. In the opening chapter he discusses the rise and fall of IPOs in the preceding decade. Chapter 2 further delineates the IPO process from the start of the prospectus to the end of the "quiet period" and aftermarket stabilization. In chapter 3 Ghosh analyzes the mispricing and deliberately deceptive underpricing, or "flipping," of Internet IPOs. Chapter 4 delves deeper into the pricing and operating efficiency of Nasdaq IPOs. Chapter 5 analyzes the pricing and long-run performance of IPOs both in the New York Stock Exchange and in the Nasdaq markets. In chapters 6 and 7 the author deals with the pricing and performance of the venture-blocked and nonventure-backed IPOs in general and Internet IPOs in particular. In chapter 8 he analyzes the role of underwriters as market makers. In chapter 9 Ghosh discusses the accuracy of analysts' earnings forecasts. In the concluding chapter, he summarizes the principal findings of the study and the recent revival of the IPO market and its place in capital formation as well as the latest developments in t
Download or read book Market Timing and Operating Performance in an Emerging Market written by Manas Mayur and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the market timing behaviour of issuers of Indian Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). The declining trend in variables reflecting investor's sentiments and expectation in post IPO period suggested that firms took advantage of over-optimism of investors. The deterioration in post IPO performance suggested that issuer took benefit of pre IPO profit margin. In order to confirm whether IPOs were timed or not a new variable HOT was constructed which basically referred to favourable market condition for the issuers. The result based on multivariate regression suggested that Market timers, identified as firms that go public when the market is hot, tried to maximize the total proceeds at the time of IPO proving that IPOs were timed. The hot issue market effect was found to be remarkably robust; it was significant for both firm and industry-level characteristics.
Download or read book IPOs and Equity Offerings written by Ross Geddes and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-06-06 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An initial public offering (IPO) is one of the most significant events in corporate life. It follows months, even years of preparation. During the boom years of the late 1990s bull market, IPOs of growth companies captured the imagination and pocketbooks of investors like never before. This book goes behind the scenes to examine the process of an offering from the decision to go public to the procedures of a subsequent equity offering. The book is written from the perspective of an experienced investment banker describing the hows and whys of IPOs and subsequent equity issues. Each aspect of an IPO is illustrated with plenty of international examples pitched alongside relevant academic research to offer a combination of theoretical rigour and practical application. Topics covered are: - the decision to go public- legal and regulatory aspects of an offering; marketing and research- valuation and pricing- allocations of shares to investors - examination of fees and commissions * Global perpective: UK, European and US practices, regulations and examples, and case studies* First hand experience written by an IPO trader with academic rigour* Includes the changes in the market that resulted from 1998-2000 equity boom
Download or read book Pseudo Market Timing and the Stationarity of the Event Generating Process written by Paul H. Schultz and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the number of firms going public increases with the level of the market, the number of IPOs will tend cluster near market peaks. Under these circumstances, IPOs will usually underperform ex-post even if they are not overpriced ex-ante. I refer to this phenomena as pseudo market timing because IPOs appear to time the market even though the firms going public have no real timing ability. Recent work by Viswanathan and Wei (2004) and Dahlquist and De Jong (2003) shows that pseudo market timing is a small sample problem if the number of IPOs is a stationary process. In this paper, I first provide evidence that the number of IPOs per month may, in fact be non-stationary when the proper number of lags is considered. Simulations based on realistic models of the IPO generating process further reveal that even if the number of IPOs is stationary, pseudo market timing may have a profound effect on measured long-run performance in practice.
Download or read book IPOs and SEOs Real Investments and Market Timing written by Kavita Wadhwa and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses market-to-book ratio decomposition to examine whether firms that issue equity through initial public offerings or seasoned equity offerings exploit mispricing because of investor enthusiasm or to finance growth opportunities. We find strong evidence that, on average, firms do not issue mispriced stocks to exploit investors but, rather, to finance their investment opportunities in the form of real assets, inventory, and capital expenses. Firms that issue overvalued stocks with the view to increase their cash holdings experience poor long-run performance. Overall, our results show that stock mispricing drives equity offerings through IPOs and SEOs. Nonetheless, high transparency and balanced regulation in the marketplace deter issuing firms from investing their proceeds in non-value-creating activities. This evidence is robust to alternative measures of valuation and long-run performance.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Entrepreneurial Finance written by Douglas Cumming and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2012-03-22 with total page 937 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive picture of issues dealing with different sources of entrepreneurial finance and different issues with financing entrepreneurs. The Handbook comprises contributions from 48 authors based in 12 different countries.
Download or read book IPO Investment Strategies and Pseudo Market Timing written by Andreas Trauten and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Market Timing as a Motive for IPOS written by Kathryn L. Dewenter and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
