Download or read book IoT Edge Solutions for Cognitive Buildings written by Franco Cicirelli and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-10 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines the promise of the field of the Cognitive Internet of Things when it is applied to cognitive buildings. After an introduction, the authors discuss the goals of cognitive buildings such as operation in a more efficient, flexible, interactive, intuitive, and sustainable way. They go on to outline the benefits that these technologies promise to building owners, occupants, and their environments that range from reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint to promoting health, well-being, and productivity. The authors outline technologies that provide buildings and equipment with the ability to collect, aggregate, and analyze data and how this information can be collected by sensors and related to internal conditions and settings, energy consumption, user requests, and preferences to maintain comfort and save energy. This book is of interest to practitioners, researchers, students, and professors in IoT and smart cities.​

Download or read book Beginning Azure IoT Edge Computing written by David Jensen and published by Apress. This book was released on 2019-04-29 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use a step-by-step process to create and deploy your first Azure IoT Edge solution. Modern day developers and architects in today’s cloud-focused world must understand when it makes sense to leverage the cloud. Computing on the edge is a new paradigm for most people. The Azure IoT Edge platform uses many existing technologies that may be familiar to developers, but understanding how to leverage those technologies in an edge computing scenario can be challenging. Beginning Azure IoT Edge Computing demystifies computing on the edge and explains, through concrete examples and exercises, how and when to leverage the power of intelligent edge computing. It introduces the possibilities of intelligent edge computing using the Azure IoT Edge platform, and guides you through hands-on exercises to make edge computing approachable, understandable, and highly useful. Through user-friendlydiscussion you will not only understand how to build edge solutions, but also when to build them. By explaining some common solution patterns, the decision on when to use the cloud and when to avoid the cloud will become much clearer. What You'll Learn Create and deploy Azure IoT Edge solutions Recognize when to leverage the intelligent edge pattern and when to avoid it Leverage the available developer tooling to develop and debug IoT Edge solutions Know which off-the-shelf edge computing modules are available Become familiar with some of the lesser-known device protocols used in conjunction with edge computing Understand how to securely deploy and bootstrap an IoT Edge deviceExplore related topics such as containers and secure device provisioning Who This Book Is For Developers or architects who want to understand edge computing and when and where to use it. Readers should be familiar with C# or Python and have a high-level understanding of the Azure IoT platform.

Download or read book IoT AI and Blockchain for NET written by Nishith Pathak and published by Apress. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Create applications using Industry 4.0. Discover how artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities can be enhanced using the Internet of things (IoT) and secured using Blockchain, so your latest app can be not just smarter but also more connected and more secure than ever before. This book covers the latest easy-to-use APIs and services from Microsoft, including Azure IoT, Cognitive Services APIs, Blockchain as a Service (BaaS), and Machine Learning Studio. As you work through the book, you’ll get hands-on experience building an example solution that uses all of these technologies—an IoT suite for a smart healthcare facility. Hosted on Azure and networked using Azure IoT, the solution includes centralized patient monitoring, using Cognitive Services APIs for face detection, recognition, and tracking. Blockchain is used to create trust-based security and inventory management. Machine learning is used to create predictive solutions to proactively improve quality of life. By the end of the book, you’ll be confident creating richer and smarter applications using these technologies. What You’ll Learn Know the technologies underpinning Industry 4.0 and AI 2.0 Develop real-time solutions using IoT in Azure Bring the smart capabilities of AI 2.0 into your application using a simple API call Host and manage your solution on Azure Understand Blockchain as a Service Capture and analyze data on the fly Make predictions using existing data Who This Book Is For Novice and intermediate .NET developers and architects who want to learn what it takes to create a modern or next-generation application

Download or read book Cognitive Internet of Things written by Pethuru Raj and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Internet of Things (IoT) concept is defined as a flexible and futuristic network where all the different types of devices and smart objects can become seamlessly connected to each other and can actively participate in all types of processes which are happening around us. The grand objective of making physical, mechanical, electrical, and electronic devices to use the deeper and extreme connectivity and service-enablement techniques is to make them intelligent in their deeds, decisions, and deals. Cognitive IoT is the application of cognitive computing technologies to the data which is generated by the connected devices of the IoT ecosystem. Cognition means thinking; however, computers are not yet fully capable of mimicking human like thought. However, the present-day computer systems can perform some functions which are like the capability of human beings to think. Cognitive Internet of Things: Enabling Technologies, Platforms, and Use Cases explains the concepts surrounding Cognitive IoT. It also looks at the use cases and such supporting technologies as artificial intelligence and machine learning that act as key enablers of Cognitive IoT ecosystem. Different Cognitive IoT enabled platforms like IBM Watson and other product specific use cases like Amazon Alexa are covered in depth. Other highlights of the book include: Demystifying the cognitive computing paradigm Delineating the key capabilities of cognitive cloud environments Deep learning algorithms for cognitive IoT solutions Natural language processing (NLP) methods for cognitive IoT systems Designing a secure infrastructure for cognitive IoT platforms and applications

Download or read book IoT Edge Intelligence written by Souvik Pal and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores fundamental and advanced concepts related to the AI-enabled Edge Technology paradigm, also known as Edge Intelligence, within the framework of the Internet of Things (IoT). Expanding the application of Edge computing is increasingly necessary. This can involve exploring automated, intelligent computational learning theorems, and ANN-oriented, trustworthy machine learning perspectives to enhance computational intelligence. The book functions as a valuable resource for professionals in the sector and also acts as a comprehensive learning tool for newcomers in the field of AI-enabled Edge Technologies and their applications, covering both fundamental and advanced concepts. This book uses data and network engineering and intelligent decision support system-by-design principles to design a reliable IoT edge-cloud ecosystem and to implement cyber-physical pervasive infrastructure solutions. The book will help readers understand the design architecture and AI algorithms and learn analytics through IoT edge, device-edge and the state-of-the-art in cloud-IoT countermeasures. The book is a valuable reference for anyone doing undergraduate or postgraduate studies, conducting research, or working in the computer science, information technology, electronics engineering, and complicated mathematical modeling domains.

Download or read book Internet of Things for Smart Buildings written by Harry G. Smeenk and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Harness the full potential of IoT in your building to improve living standards, energy efficiency, and more Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Key FeaturesDiscover how IoT solutions transform mechanical and electrical control systems into smart systemsUnlock new revenue potential, operational efficiencies, and improved occupant's quality of lifeExplore industry thought leadership through author-led real-world applications and use casesBook Description Imagine working in a building with smart features and tenant applications that allow you to monitor, manage, and control every aspect of your user experience. Internet of Things for Smart Buildings is a comprehensive guide that will help you achieve that with smart building architecture, ecosystems, technologies, and key components that create a smart building. In this book, you'll start by examining all the building systems and applications that can be automated with IoT devices. You'll learn about different apps to improve efficiency, reduce consumption, and improve occupant satisfaction. You'll explore IoT sensors, devices, computing platforms, analytics software, user interfaces, and connectivity options, along with common challenges you might encounter while developing the architecture. You'll also discover how to piece different components together to develop smart buildings with the help of use cases and examples and get to grips with the various IoT stacks. After finding out where to start developing the requirements for your project, you'll uncover a recommended methodology to understand your current building systems and a process for determining what needs to be modified, along with new technology requirements. By the end of the book, you'll be able to design and build your own smart building initiative, turning your city into a smart city with one building at a time. What you will learnDiscover what's a smart building and how IoT enables smart solutionsUncover how IoT can make mechanical and electrical systems smartUnderstand how IoT improves workflow tasks, operations, and maintenanceExplore the components and technology that make a smart buildingRecognize how to put together components to deploy smart applicationsBuild your smart building stack to design and develop smart solutionsWho this book is for This book is for architects, mechanical, electrical, and HVAC engineers, system integrators, facility, and operations personnel, and others looking to implement IoT solutions to make their buildings smart. Basic understanding of various mechanical and electrical building systems including HVAC, security, fire alarms, communications, and data networks as well as the operations and maintenance requirements is a prerequisite.

Download or read book Device Edge Cloud Continuum written by Claudio Savaglio and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-21 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on both theoretical and practical aspects of the “Device-Edge-Cloud continuum”, a development approach aimed at the seamless provision of next-generation cyber-physical services through the dynamic orchestration of heterogeneous computing resources, located at different distances to the user and featured by different peculiarities (high responsiveness, high computing power, etc.). The book specifically explores recent advances in paradigms, architectures, models, and applications for the “Device-Edge-Cloud continuum”, which raises many 'in-the-small' and 'in-the-large' issues involving device programming, system architectures and methods for the development of IoT ecosystem. In this direction, the contributions presented in the book propose original solutions and aim at relevant domains spanning from healthcare to industry, agriculture and transportation.

Download or read book Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation written by Claudio De Stefano and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-29 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th Italian Workshop on Artificial Life and Evolutionary Computation, WIVACE 2022, held in Gaeta, Italy, during September 14–16, 2022. The 21 full papers and 3 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: answer set programming; networks and complex systems, metaheuristics, robotics, and machine learning Chapters 7, 8, and 9 are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Shaping the Future of IoT with Edge Intelligence written by Rute C. Sofia and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-01-08 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the technologies that empower edge intelligence, along with their use in novel IoT solutions. Specifically, it presents how 5G/6G, Edge AI, and Blockchain solutions enable novel IoT-based decentralized intelligence use cases at the edge of the cloud/edge/IoT continuum. Emphasis is placed on presenting how these technologies support a wide array of functional and non-functional requirements spanning latency, performance, cybersecurity, data protection, real-time performance, energy efficiency, and more. The various chapters of the book are contributed by several EU-funded projects, which have recently developed novel IoT platforms that enable the development and deployment of edge intelligence applications based on the cloud/edge paradigm. Each one of the projects employs its own approach and uses a different mix of networking, middleware, and IoT technologies. Therefore, each of the chapters of the book contributes a unique perspective on the capabilities of enabling technologies and their integration in practical real-life applications in different sectors. The book is structured in five distinct parts. Each one of the first four parts focuses on a specific set of enabling technologies for edge intelligence and smart IoT applications in the cloud/edge/IoT continuum. Furthermore, the fifth part provides information about complementary aspects of next-generation IoT technology, including information about business models and IoT skills. Specifically: The first part focuses on 5G/6G networking technologies and their roles in implementing edge intelligence applications. The second part presents IoT applications that employ machine learning and other forms of Artificial Intelligence at the edge of the network. The third part illustrates decentralized IoT applications based on distributed ledger technologies. The fourth part is devoted to the presentation of novel IoT applications and use cases spanning the cloud/edge/IoT continuum. The fifth part discusses complementary aspects of IoT technologies, including business models and digital skills.

Download or read book Next Generation Internet of Things Distributed Intelligence at the Edge and Human Machine Interactions written by Ovidiu Vermesan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the next generation Internet of Things (IoT), ranging from research, innovation, development priorities, to enabling technologies in a global context. It is intended as a standalone in a series covering the activities of the Internet of Things European Research Cluster (IERC), including research, technological innovation, validation, and deployment.The following chapters build on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster, the IoT European Platform Initiative (IoT–EPI), the IoT European Large-Scale Pilots Programme and the IoT European Security and Privacy Projects, presenting global views and state-of-the-art results regarding the next generation of IoT research, innovation, development, and deployment.The IoT and Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) are evolving towards the next generation of Tactile IoT/IIoT, bringing together hyperconnectivity (5G and beyond), edge computing, Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs), virtual/ andaugmented reality (VR/AR), and artificial intelligence (AI) transformation.Following the wider adoption of consumer IoT, the next generation of IoT/IIoT innovation for business is driven by industries, addressing interoperability issues and providing new end-to-end security solutions to face continuous treats.The advances of AI technology in vision, speech recognition, natural language processing and dialog are enabling the development of end-to-end intelligent systems encapsulating multiple technologies, delivering services in real-time using limited resources. These developments are focusing on designing and delivering embedded and hierarchical AI solutions in IoT/IIoT, edge computing, using distributed architectures, DLTs platforms and distributed end-to-end security, which provide real-time decisions using less data and computational resources, while accessing each type of resource in a way that enhances the accuracy and performance of models in the various IoT/IIoT applications.The convergence and combination of IoT, AI and other related technologies to derive insights, decisions and revenue from sensor data provide new business models and sources of monetization. Meanwhile, scalable, IoT-enabled applications have become part of larger business objectives, enabling digital transformation with a focus on new services and applications.Serving the next generation of Tactile IoT/IIoT real-time use cases over 5G and Network Slicing technology is essential for consumer and industrial applications and support reducing operational costs, increasing efficiency and leveraging additional capabilities for real-time autonomous systems.New IoT distributed architectures, combined with system-level architectures for edge/fog computing, are evolving IoT platforms, including AI and DLTs, with embedded intelligence into the hyperconnectivity infrastructure.The next generation of IoT/IIoT technologies are highly transformational, enabling innovation at scale, and autonomous decision-making in various application domains such as healthcare, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, energy, agriculture, transportation and autonomous vehicles, the military, logistics and supply chain, retail and wholesale, manufacturing, mining and oil and gas.

Download or read book Architecting IoT Solutions on Azure written by Blaize Stewart and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2024-01-09 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can you make sense of the complex IoT landscape? With dozens of components ranging from devices to metadata about the devices, it's easy to get lost among the possibilities. But it's not impossible if you have the right guide to help you navigate all the complexities. This practical book shows developers, architects, and IT managers how to build IoT solutions on Azure. Author Blaize Stewart presents a comprehensive view of the IoT landscape. You'll learn about devices, device management at scale, and the tools Azure provides for building globally distributed systems. You'll also explore ways to organize data by choosing the appropriate dataflow and data storage technologies. The final chapters examine data consumption and solutions for delivering data to consumers with Azure. Get the architectural guidance you need to create holistic solutions with devices, data, and everything in between. This book helps you: Meet the demands of an IoT solution with Azure-provided functionality Use Azure to create complete scalable and secure IoT systems Understand how to articulate IoT architecture and solutions Guide conversations around common problems that IoT applications solve Select the appropriate technologies in the Azure space to build IoT applications

Download or read book The Azure IoT Handbook written by Dan Clark and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-12-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essential guide to architecting Azure IoT systems—from provisioning and monitoring IoT sensors to analyzing real-time streaming data Key Features Develop a complete IoT system in Azure with the help of hands-on examples Discover how to create, secure, and manage an enterprise-wide IoT system Learn how to collect, analyze, and visualize streaming data Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionWith the rise of cloud-based computing, deploying IoT systems has become more cost-effective for businesses. This transformation has led to developers and architects shouldering the responsibility of creating, managing, and securing these systems, even if they are new to the IoT technology. The Azure IoT Handbook is a comprehensive introduction to quickly bring you up to speed in this rapidly evolving landscape. Starting with the basic building blocks of any IoT system, this book guides you through mobile device management and data collection using an IoT hub. You’ll explore essential tools for system security and monitoring. Following data collection, you’ll delve into real-time data analytics using Azure Stream Analytics and view real-time streaming on a Power BI dashboard. Packed with real-world examples, this book covers common IoT use as well. By the end of this IoT book, you’ll know how to design and develop IoT solutions leveraging intelligent edge-to-cloud technologies implemented on Azure.What you will learn Get to grips with setting up and deploying IoT devices at scale Use Azure IoT Hub for device management and message routing Explore Azure services for analyzing streaming data Uncover effective techniques for visualizing real-time streaming data Delve into the essentials of monitoring and logging to secure your IoT system Gain insights into real-time analytics with Power BI Create workflows and alerts triggered by streaming data Who this book is for The Azure IoT Handbook is for cloud developers and architects who want to learn how to establish an IoT solution on the Azure platform. This book is equally valuable for IoT developers transitioning to Azure, encompassing tasks such as aggregating, analyzing, and visualizing real-time data streams. Basic knowledge of the C# and Python programming languages, as well as a practical understanding of data processing will help you make the most of this book. Familiarity with working with cloud-based services is also advantageous.

Download or read book Digitising the Industry Internet of Things Connecting the Physical Digital and VirtualWorlds written by Ovidiu Vermesan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-01 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the current Internet of Things (IoT) landscape, ranging from the research, innovation and development priorities to enabling technologies in a global context. A successful deployment of IoT technologies requires integration on all layers, be it cognitive and semantic aspects, middleware components, services, edge devices/machines and infrastructures. It is intended to be a standalone book in a series that covers the Internet of Things activities of the IERC - Internet of Things European Research Cluster from research to technological innovation, validation and deployment. The book builds on the ideas put forward by the European Research Cluster and the IoT European Platform Initiative (IoT-EPI) and presents global views and state of the art results on the challenges facing the research, innovation, development and deployment of IoT in the next years. The IoT is bridging the physical world with virtual world and requires sound information processing capabilities for the "digital shadows" of these real things. The research and innovation in nanoelectronics, semiconductor, sensors/actuators, communication, analytics technologies, cyber-physical systems, software, swarm intelligent and deep learning systems are essential for the successful deployment of IoT applications. The emergence of IoT platforms with multiple functionalities enables rapid development and lower costs by offering standardised components that can be shared across multiple solutions in many industry verticals. The IoT applications will gradually move from vertical, single purpose solutions to multi-purpose and collaborative applications interacting across industry verticals, organisations and people, being one of the essential paradigms of the digital economy. Many of those applications still have to be identified and involvement of end-users including the creative sector in this innovation is crucial. The IoT applications and deployments as integrated building blocks of the new digital economy are part of the accompanying IoT policy framework to address issues of horizontal nature and common interest (i.e. privacy, end-to-end security, user acceptance, societal, ethical aspects and legal issues) for providing trusted IoT solutions in a coordinated and consolidated manner across the IoT activities and pilots. In this, context IoT ecosystems offer solutions beyond a platform and solve important technical challenges in the different verticals and across verticals. These IoT technology ecosystems are instrumental for the deployment of large pilots and can easily be connected to or build upon the core IoT solutions for different applications in order to expand the system of use and allow new and even unanticipated IoT end uses. Technical topics discussed in the book include: • Introduction• Digitising industry and IoT as key enabler in the new era of Digital Economy• IoT Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda• IoT in the digital industrial context: Digital Single Market• Integration of heterogeneous systems and bridging the virtual, digital and physical worlds• Federated IoT platforms and interoperability• Evolution from intelligent devices to connected systems of systems by adding new layers of cognitive behaviour, artificial intelligence and user interfaces.• Innovation through IoT ecosystems• Trust-based IoT end-to-end security, privacy framework• User acceptance, societal, ethical aspects and legal issues• Internet of Things Applications

Download or read book Building Enterprise IoT Applications written by Chandrasekar Vuppalapati and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-12 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: McKinsey Global Institute predicts Internet of Things (IoT) could generate up to $11.1 trillion a year in economic value by 2025. Gartner Research Company expects 20 billion inter-connected devices by 2020 and, as per Gartner, the IoT will have a significant impact on the economy by transforming many enterprises into digital businesses and facilitating new business models, improving efficiency and increasing employee and customer engagement. It’s clear from above and our research that the IoT is a game changer and will have huge positive impact in foreseeable future. In order to harvest the benefits of IoT revolution, the traditional software development paradigms must be fully upgraded. The mission of our book, is to prepare current and future software engineering teams with the skills and tools to fully utilize IoT capabilities. The book introduces essential IoT concepts from the perspectives of full-scale software development with the emphasis on creating niche blue ocean products. It also: Outlines a fundamental full stack architecture for IoT Describes various development technologies in each IoT layer Explains IoT solution development from Product management perspective Extensively covers security and applicable threat models as part of IoT stack The book provides details of several IoT reference architectures with emphasis on data integration, edge analytics, cluster architectures and closed loop responses.

Download or read book Edge Computational Intelligence for AI Enabled IoT Systems written by Shrikaant Kulkarni and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-02-26 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edge computational intelligence is an interface between edge computing and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This interfacing represents a paradigm shift in the world of work by enabling a broad application areas and customer-friendly solutions. Edge computational intelligence technologies are just in their infancy. Edge Computational Intelligence for AI-Enabled IoT Systems looks at the trends and advances in edge computing and edge AI, the services rendered by them, related security and privacy issues, training algorithms, architectures, and sustainable AI-enabled IoT systems. Together, these technologies benefit from ultra-low latency, faster response times, lower bandwidth costs and resilience from network failure, and the book explains the advantages of systems and applications using intelligent IoT devices that are at the edge of a network and close to users. It explains how to make most of edge and cloud computing as complementary technologies or used in isolation for extensive and widespread applications. The advancement in IoT devices, networking facilities, parallel computation and 5G, and robust infrastructure for generalized machine learning have made it possible to employ edge computational intelligence in diverse areas and in diverse ways. The book begins with chapters that cover Edge AI services on offer as compared to conventional systems. These are followed by chapters that discuss security and privacy issues encountered during the implementation and execution of edge AI and computing services The book concludes with chapters looking at applications spread across different areas of edge AI and edge computing and also at the role of computational intelligence in AI-driven IoT systems.

Download or read book The Convergence of Internet of Things and Cloud for Smart Computing written by Parikshit N. Mahalle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-02 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the know-how of the real-time IoT application development activity including a basic understanding of the IoT architecture, use cases, smart computing, and the associated challenges in design and development of the IoT system. All the technical details related to protocol stack, technologies, and platforms used for the implementation are explained. It further includes techniques and case studies that include smart computing on the IoT–Cloud models along with test beds for experimentation purposes. The book aims at setting up the groundwork for the creation of applications that can help make day-to-day tasks simpler by meeting the needs of varied sectors like education, health care, agriculture, and so forth. Features: • Covers IoT cloud convergence with a focus on complex industrial IoT case studies. • Discusses the broad background of IoT–Cloud convergence architectures and its fundamentals along with resource provisioning mechanisms. • Emphasizes the use of context in developing context-aware IoT solutions. • Presents a novel C-model that explains the IoT application development phases. • Discusses a simplified convergence model that depicts the role of Cloud in an IoT application. This book aims at graduate students, researchers, and professionals getting started in the IoT field.

Download or read book Enabling Things to Talk written by Alessandro Bassi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-10-28 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging network superstructure that will connect physical resources and actual users. It will support an ecosystem of smart applications and services bringing hyper-connectivity to our society by using augmented and rich interfaces. Whereas in the beginning IoT referred to the advent of barcodes and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), which helped to automate inventory, tracking and basic identification, today IoT is characterized by a dynamic trend toward connecting smart sensors, objects, devices, data and applications. The next step will be “cognitive IoT,” facilitating object and data re-use across application domains and leveraging hyper-connectivity, interoperability solutions and semantically enriched information distribution. The Architectural Reference Model (ARM), presented in this book by the members of the IoT-A project team driving this harmonization effort, makes it possible to connect vertically closed systems, architectures and application areas so as to create open interoperable systems and integrated environments and platforms. It constitutes a foundation from which software companies can capitalize on the benefits of developing consumer-oriented platforms including hardware, software and services. The material is structured in two parts. Part A introduces the general concepts developed for and applied in the ARM. It is aimed at end users who want to use IoT technologies, managers interested in understanding the opportunities generated by these novel technologies, and system architects who are interested in an overview of the underlying basic models. It also includes several case studies to illustrate how the ARM has been used in real-life scenarios. Part B then addresses the topic at a more detailed technical level and is targeted at readers with a more scientific or technical background. It provides in-depth guidance on the ARM, including a detailed description of a process for generating concrete architectures, as well as reference manuals with guidelines on how to use the various models and perspectives presented to create a concrete architecture. Furthermore, best practices and tips on how system engineers can use the ARM to develop specific IoT architectures for dedicated IoT solutions are illustrated and exemplified in reverse mapping exercises of existing standards and platforms.