Download or read book Investigations Into the Diving Response of Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biochemical Adaptation written by Peter William Hochachka and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2002 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suitable for graduates and undergraduates in environmental biology, comparative physiology, and marine biology, this text lays out the principles of mechanistic comparative physiology in an ecological and evolutionary context. This text lays out the principles of mechanistic comparative physiology in an ecological and evolutionary context. The subject of evolutionary physiology has been advancing considerably and this book will bring readers up to date on a number of new techniques, ideas and data. Topics include NMR spectroscopy and molecular biology, evolution and adaptation, phylogenetically-based analytical techniques and more.
Download or read book Measurement of 02 Saturation in Freely Deep Diving Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris Using a Novel Data Logging Tag written by Melissa A. Brewer and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine mammals live a life of dual constraints and must balance energetic demands (oxygen consumption) and limited O2 availability while breath-holding. In order to overcome these dual constraints, marine mammals have developed unique physiological traits to cope with their aquatic environment, thereby taking advantage of a unique foraging niche. Extending breath-hold dive time increases the opportunity to obtain nutrients, but it can be energetically costly if marine mammals exceed the threshold for aerobic metabolism. We know relatively little about the physiological mechanisms employed by these animals that allow them to flourish in such an extreme environment. Due to the difficulty obtaining direct physiological measurements, there are gaps in knowledge for the field of diving physiology, particularly in the understanding of muscle perfusion during a dive. In order to improve our understanding of how marine mammals adjust muscle blood flow (oxygen and nutrients) during diving to increase dive time, we developed and tested a tag with oxygen sensors that attempted to measure O2 saturation in the muscle of freely deep-diving elephant seals. The purpose of this part of the study aimed at using an archival tag and implanted sensor system to measure physiological variables in freely deep-diving Northern elephant seals. Following the sensor and data logger development, we set out to test a long-held assumption that oximeter use in marine mammals could be calibrated with terrestrial mammal blood. This was of particular importance to this study as calibrations of the oximeter data loggers in the Northern elephant seal were needed. As part of the ability of marine mammals to prolong apnea for diving, some have modified hemoglobin to change its affinity for oxygen. These polymorphisms alter the affinity for O2, possibly by altering the folding of the protein. Alteration in the quaternary structure may also alter the optical properties of Hb. Oximeters use the change in the optical properties of oxygenated (HbO2) and reduced Hb (HbR) to determine arterial blood O2 saturation. Given the differences in Hb isoformss, the optical properties need to be assessed before conventional veterinary oximeters can be used on marine species. Therefore, the objective of this part of the study was to determine the absorbance spectra of HbO2 and HbR in several species of marine mammals (killer whale, short-finned pilot whale, beluga whale, and northern elephant seals) and compare these against humans. Whole blood samples were opportunistically obtained during routine health assessment, and the Hb was isolated via a series of centrifugation, dialysis, and filtration steps. The isolated Hb was oxygenated or deoxygenated using 5% CO2 in 95% O2 or N2, respectively. Under gas-tight conditions, the HbO2 and HbR samples were placed in a UV-visible light spectrophotometer and the absorption spectra measured from 600 nm to 1000 nm. The absorption spectra were overlaid and compared between species. The results indicate the absorption spectra are similar between humans and the species investigated and the point where absorbance is equal for HbO2 and HbR in all species at ~800 nm. The results of the Hb study allowed the possibility of properly calibrating the oximeter we surgically implanted in the Northern elephant seal. The oximeter sensor contained 3 LEDs in the visible red, near infrared (NIR), and infrared (IR) spectral regions (emitting at red:660, NIR:810, and IR:940 nm, respectively) and a photo detector. The sensor was attached to the external data logger with a thin (2-3 mm diameter) flexible silver (Ag) cable. The external data logger was attached with epoxy to the skin and fur of the seal following implantation of the sensor. In April 2013, 5 northern elephant seals were captured from the Año Nuevo and were instrumented with the oxygen sensor and data logger via aseptic surgical technique. Following implantation of the muscle O2 sensor and attachment of logger and satellite and radio transmitters, the animals were allowed to recover. Every 1-2 hours signs of inflammation, infection, or changes in swimming behavior were documented and none were observed in any seal. After translocation, all of the seals returned to the Año Nuevo rookery. All 5 seals implanted returned to Año Nuevo, had the instrumentation easily and successfully removed, and showed no signs of infection, inflammation or trauma concluding that we were able to develop a surgical technique that minimized the invasiveness of implanting a small sensor into the major swimming muscle of the Northern elephant seal. Free-diving ocean data was collected from the oximeter data logger only from the last two seals implanted, however only 1 out of 5 had oximetry data. Additionally, there was difficulty in calibrating the oximeter/sensor data logger. However, GPS tracks and dive patterns were recorded and analyzed from all 5 seals. All seals were equipped with GPS tags with ARGOS satellite uplink and had similar dive patterns to one another and to previous studies. Furthermore, we were able to obtain data by the end of the field season from one seal out of five indicating that with a few adjustments to the data logger, a second field season may yield a larger sample size and more reliable data. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/155768
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 850 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development Enhances Hypometabolism and the Dive Response in Northern Elephant Seal Pups Mirounga Angustirostris written by Michael S. Tift and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Continuous deep diving in female northern elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris written by B.J. LE BOEUF and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Buoyancy and Body Composition on the Diving Behavior and Swimming Effort of Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris written by Paul Maurice Webb and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pattern and depth of dives in northern elephant seals Mirounga angustirostris written by B.J. LE BOEUF and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Application of Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine written by Thomas Jue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In keeping with the style of the Handbook of Modern Biophysics, this fourth volume, Application of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Biomedicine, balances the need for physical science/mathematics formalism with a demand for biomedical perspectives. Each chapter divides the presentation into two major parts: the first establishes the conceptual framework and describes the instrumentation or technique, while the second illustrates current applications in addressing complex biology questions. With the additional sections on further reading, problems, and references, the interested reader can explore some chapter ideas more widely.
Download or read book Heart Rate and Oxygen Consumption in Northern Elephant Seals Diving in the Laboratory written by Paul Maurice Webb and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Northern Elephant Seal Monitoring Mirounga Angustirostris at Point Reyes National Seashore 2008 2009 Breeding Seasons written by Sarah Allen and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-08-06 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) established a breeding population at Point Reyes National Seashore (PORE) in 1981 and since then the colony has grown steadily (Allen et al. 1989). Currently, elephant seals breed at numerous sites within PORE, with four primary sites located at Drake's Beach (DB), Point Reyes Headland (PRH), South Beach (SB), and Chimney Rock Loop (CRL). PORE began to monitor the elephant seal population to contribute to the understanding of population changes and management needs, and to develop research, interpretation and enforcement strategies. A pinniped monitoring protocol was developed in 2009 and includes objectives for monitoring elephant seals to determine trends population growth and productivity.
Download or read book Elephant Seals written by Burney J. Le Beouf and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2022-07-15 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The largest of all seals, elephant seals rank among the most impressive of marine mammals. They are renowned for their spectacular recovery from near-extinction at the end of the nineteenth century when seal hunters nearly eliminated the entire northern species. No other vertebrate has come so close to extinction and made such a complete recovery. The physiological extremes that elephant seals can tolerate are also remarkable: females fast for a month while lactating, and the largest breeding males fast for over one hundred days during the breeding seasons, at which times both sexes lose forty percent of their body weight. Elephant seals dive constantly during their long foraging migrations, spending more time under water than most whales and diving deeper and longer than any other marine mammal. This first book-length discussion of elephant seals brings together worldwide expertise from scientists who describe and debate recent research, including the history and status of various populations, their life-history tactics, and other findings obtained with the help of modern microcomputer diving instruments attached to free-ranging seals. Essential for all marine mammalogists for its information and its methodological innovations, Elephant Seals will also illuminate current debates about species extinctions and possible means of preventing them. This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press’s mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1994.
Download or read book Terrestrial Apnea in Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris written by Susanna Birgitta Blackwell and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Homing and Diving of Translocated Juvenile Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris Gill 1866 written by Guy Williamson Oliver and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Conservation in Fasting Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris written by Christopher William Lester and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Swimming Speed and Foraging Strategies of Northern Elephant Seals Mirounga Angustirostris written by Jason L. Hassrick and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Journal of Experimental Biology written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
