Download or read book Investigation of the Impacts of Thermal Activated Sludge Pretreatment and Development of a Pretreatment Model written by Gillian Staples-Burger and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waste activated sludge (WAS) pretreatment technologies are typically evaluated in terms of the associated improvement in biogas and sludge production during digestion and post-digestion dewaterability. However, WAS properties, and hence the impact of pretreatment on WAS properties, are dependent upon the raw wastewater composition and configuration of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). A generally accepted means of characterizing and comparing all pretreatment processes does not exist. The motivation for this project was to evaluate the impact of pretreatment on WAS properties in terms of changes in COD fractionation. The first objective of this study was to fractionate the COD of the WAS before and after pretreatment to show how pretreatment may increase the rate and extent of aerobic digestion. The second objective was to develop a COD-based stoichiometric pretreatment model that may be integrated into WWTP simulations.
Download or read book Comparison of the Impacts of Thermal Pretreatment on Waste Activated Sludge Using Aerobic and Anaerobic Digestion written by Hyungjun Jo and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal pretreatment systems are typically employed to improve waste-activated sludge (WAS) dewaterability and to treat sludge prior to anaerobic digestion. It is important to understand how WAS properties are affected during pretreatment to be able to assess the performances of processes utilizing pretreated WAS (PWAS). However, there are no generally accepted means of characterizing and comparing pretreatment processes. A pretreatment model for high temperature thermal hydrolysis was developed previously for one pretreatment condition. The motivation for this project stemmed from the need to extend the range of thermal pretreatment conditions to span the range of conditions commonly employed in practice and to evaluate the impact of these pretreatment conditions on WAS chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation. The two main objectives of this study were to fractionate the COD of WAS before and after pretreatment for several high temperature thermal pretreatment conditions and to compare the impact of pretreatment on aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability. The secondary objectives were to investigate how pretreatment affected the rate and extent of aerobic and anaerobic digestion of WAS. The data employed in this study was collected by others following the work of Staples-Burger (2012) and was generated by pretreatment of sludges at 125°C, 150°C, and 175°C for 10, 30 and 50 minutes. Physical and biochemical properties were measured for raw WAS (BR WAS) and PWAS. Offline and online respirometric data were used to evaluate the aerobic biodegradability of BR WAS and PWAS and to fractionate the COD of the BR WAS and PWAS. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were conducted for BR WAS and PWAS to evaluate the anaerobic biodegradability of BR WAS and PWAS. BioWin® was used to aid in determining the WAS COD fractionation before and after pretreatment, and to determine whether pretreatment changed the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the WAS. It was found that the high pressure thermal hydrolysis (HPTH) pretreatment conditions employed substantially solubilized the COD, organic nitrogen and volatile suspended solids (VSS) in the range of 30 - 55%, 23 - 41% and 30 - 89% respectively. Total COD (TCOD) was however not reduced by pretreatment indicating that organics were not mineralized. These findings closely agreed with the conclusions made in the literature. Pretreatment did not increase the overall extent to which WAS could be aerobically biodegraded. The fraction of non-biodegradable COD as represented by endogenous decay products (Ze) in the BR WAS were not converted to biodegradable form by pretreatment. However, pretreatment increased the rate at which WAS could be aerobically biodegraded as indicated by an increase in the fractions of readily biodegradable COD (Sbsc) in the PWAS. Pretreatment increased both the rate and extent of anaerobic biodegradability. The ultimate methane yield and the methane production rate were both increased when compared to the ultimate methane yield and methane production rate observed in BMP tests conducted on BR WAS. The experimental results were combined with BioWin® modeling to determine that the BR WAS consisted of 79% Zbh and 18% endogenous decay products (Ze). The endogenous decay products fraction remained at 18% through pretreatment and the concentration of active biomass (Zbh) in PWAS was deemed to be negligible. HPTH pretreatment at the employed temperatures and durations transformed the biodegradable fraction of BR WAS (Zbh) to 16.5 - 34.6% Sbsc and 45.8 - 63.6% slowly biodegradable COD (Xsp) of the TCOD concentration. The same PWAS COD fractionations were employed in anaerobic biodegradability test modeling and it was concluded that the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of PWAS was different. Up to 50% of the endogenous decay products were converted to biodegradable substrate (Xsp) due to HPTH pretreatment. It was determined that both pretreatment temperature and duration were important in solubilizing organic matter in the WAS. Increasing the pretreatment temperature and duration generally increased the organics solubilization. However, the impact of pretreatment temperature and duration on WAS COD fractions were inconclusive. The increase in organics solubilization did not correspond to how much of the biodegradable COD of BR WAS was converted to Sbsc by pretreatment.
Download or read book Effect of Thermal Pretreatment on Digestibility of Thickened Waste Activated Sludge and Primary Sludge in Two stage Anaerobic Digestion written by Rubaiya Sarwar and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study investigated the effect of high pressure thermal (HPTH) pretreatment on the biodegradability of a mixture of primary sludge (PS) and thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) in single-and two-stage continues anaerobic digestion. The HPTH was applied to the TWAS only at 1500C and 3 bars for 30 minutes. All the systems were operated at mesophilic temperature (350C). The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of TWAS pretreatment on hydrolysis and fermentation in acid phase digesters and to evaluate potential for increased methane production in the subsequent methanogenic digester. For the two-stage systems, the impact of hydraulic retention time (HRT) on performance was evaluated at two different conditions. The biodegradability of TWAS after pretreatment was evaluated through BMP tests and an increase of 16% biodegradation was observed with pretreated TWAS (PTWAS) as compared to raw TWAS. The HPTH also increased the solubilisation of TWAS by 25-34%. The biodegradable products generated in the pretreated stage were further hydrolyzed and acidified in the acidogenic stage and produced 2 fold higher VFAs in the pretreated digester compared to the control digester. To evaluate the impact of PT on hydrolysis dynamic tests were employed and a two-component hydrolysis model was fit to the data. The readily biodegradable hydrolysis coefficient (Kr) for the control and pretreated digesters were 3.09 d-1 and 2.53 d-1 respectively. Thus, the overall rates of solubilisation were higher for the control than the pretreated digester. However, the advanced pretreatment stage was capable of producing 10% more VFA/TCOD compared to the control. The dynamic tests showed that despite slower hydrolysis rates in the pretreated digesters this PT was capable of producing higher fermentation products in the pretreated digester of the acidogenic phase. The results of this study showed that the HPTH pretreatment resulted in about a 30% increase in the methane production in both single and two-stage processes. Also, same yield value of 0.16 L CH4/ g TCOD added was found for the pretreated digester in two stage system with 10 day HRT and in the control digester of single stage system with 13 day HRT. Thus, integration of pretreatment with two stage digestion yielded similar methane production to that observed with a control that had an extended HRT.
Download or read book Sludge Thermal Hydrolysis Application and Potential written by Bill Barber and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermal hydrolysis is revolutionizing wastewater treatment. Current treatment methods have evolved little since pioneering work in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Subsequently, most wastewater treatment plants are not designed to meet modern drivers such as energy conservation and nutrient recovery. Additionally, sludge management is expensive and often not viewed in high regard by external stakeholders. By changing the properties of sewage sludge, thermal hydrolysis allows wastewater treatment works to become more efficient, enabling the treatment of greater flowrates to higher standards. Production of renewable energy from sludge is increased, whilst quantity of treated material reduced, which further decreases processing requirements and costs regardless of what they may be. This book, aimed at students and practitioners alike, describes the development of the technology, and highlights the design and economics by means of examples. Benefits and challenges related to thermal hydrolysis are also characterized alongside selected case-studies and ideas for future applications. Dr William (Bill) Barber has had a keen interest in thermal hydrolysis for numerous years and was instrumental in the development of Europe's largest facility as well as advising water utilities, consultants, researchers and government organizations on its potential to modernize wastewater treatment.
Download or read book Sustainable Sewage Sludge Management and Resource Efficiency written by Başak Kılıç Taşeli and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-09-09 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creating decent living conditions for all people while decoupling economic growth from the increasing use of virgin resources and environmental impacts is the major challenge of this millennium. There are many approaches suggested for solving these problems, including changing consumption behavior from material products to services, finding technological solutions to create more closed loops for materials, and using fewer virgin resources and energy obtained from clean renewable sources. A main issue to address is sludge formation during wastewater treatment. As such, this book, over seven chapters divided into two sections, investigates the application of biosolids or sewage sludge together with possible resources for sustainable development. It also presents information on resource efficiency from a more complex perspective, looking at several resources and the causal links between them in order to point out new pathways towards a more sustainable use of resources.
Download or read book The Activated Sludge Process written by Benjamin Lefebvre and published by . This book was released on 2019-02-05 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection, the authors report on the pretreatment methods for waste activated sludge based on pulsed electric field and corona discharge techniques. The effects of pulse magnitude, frequency, temperature and pretreatment time are demonstrated on the basis of cell membrane electroporation. The influence of voltage polarity, frequency, magnitude, treating time and temperature has also been demonstrated. A description of fundamental techniques in molecular biology for the analysis of the microbiota of activated sludge is provided. Activated sludge is a heterogeneous system of organisms, organic and inorganic material, and therefore giving a specific protocol for each molecular technique would be imprudent. The authors go on to discuss the Monod model, which provides a functional relationship between specific growth rate and substrate concentration in the bulk. Important research efforts dedicated to adequate use of the Monod model are presented, consolidating knowledge from activated sludge and biofilm modelling, identifying misdirections, and setting parameters for further research. In one study, different microwave power outputs and times were optimised for sludge solubilisation without evaporation loss in waste activated sludge from two different sources. The variable effects of pre-treatments on extracellular polymeric substances fraction, cellular oxidative stress and solubilisation of both sludges were evaluated to understand the impact of sludge complexity. The penultimate chapter examines how toxic carbon sources can cause higher residual effluent dissolved organic carbon than easily biodegraded carbon sources in the activated sludge process. Based on the variations of chemical components of activated sludge, mainly intracellular storage materials, extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products, the performance and mechanism of toxic carbon on the activated sludge process can be clarified. The purpose of the final study is to research the supplementation of different concentrations of substrate on the degradation rate of xenobiotics, and to determine the optimal concentrations of auxiliary substrates that are most beneficial. The results show that sugar and peptone can affect 2,4-D degradation rate by several different degrees at different concentrations.
Download or read book Recent Trends in Management and Utilization of Industrial Sludge written by Vineet Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Ronald L. Droste and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an excellent balance between theory and applications in the ever-evolving field of water and wastewater treatment Completely updated and expanded, this is the most current and comprehensive textbook available for the areas of water and wastewater treatment, covering the broad spectrum of technologies used in practice today—ranging from commonly used standards to the latest state of the art innovations. The book begins with the fundamentals—applied water chemistry and applied microbiology—and then goes on to cover physical, chemical, and biological unit processes. Both theory and design concepts are developed systematically, combined in a unified way, and are fully supported by comprehensive, illustrative examples. Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition: Addresses physical/chemical treatment, as well as biological treatment, of water and wastewater Includes a discussion of new technologies, such as membrane processes for water and wastewater treatment, fixed-film biotreatment, and advanced oxidation Provides detailed coverage of the fundamentals: basic applied water chemistry and applied microbiology Fully updates chapters on analysis and constituents in water; microbiology; and disinfection Develops theory and design concepts methodically and combines them in a cohesive manner Includes a new chapter on life cycle analysis (LCA) Theory and Practice of Water and Wastewater Treatment, 2nd Edition is an important text for undergraduate and graduate level courses in water and/or wastewater treatment in Civil, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering.
Download or read book Advanced Biological Physical and Chemical Treatment of Waste Activated Sludge written by Antoine Prandota Trzcinski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-02 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, research efforts aiming to improve energy efficiency of wastewater treatment processes for large centralized wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been increasing. Global warming impacts, energy sustainability, and biosolids generation are among several key drivers towards the establishment of energy-efficient WWTPs. WWTPs have been recognized as major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions as these are significant energy consumers in the industrialized world. The quantity of biosolids or excess waste activated sludge produced by WWTP will increase in the future due to population growth and this pose environmental concerns and solid waste disposal issues. Due to limited capacity of landfill sites, more stringent environmental legislation, and air pollution from incineration sites, there is a need to rethink the conventional way of dealing with wastewater and the sludge production that comes with it. This book provides an overview of advanced biological, physical and chemical treatment with the aim of reducing the volume of sewage sludge. Provides a comprehensive list of processes aiming at reducing the volume of sewage sludge and increasing biogas production from waste activated sludge. Includes clear process flowsheet showing how the process is modified compared to the conventional waste activated sludge process. Provides current technologies applied on full scale plant as well as methods still under investigation at laboratory scale. Offers data from pilot scale experience of these processes
Download or read book Characterization of Pretreatment Impacts on Properties of Waste Activated Sludge and Digestibility written by Peiman Kianmehr and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies for pretreatment of waste activated sludges (WAS) prior to digestion are of increasing interest to wastewater treatment utilities because of their promise for improving sludge digestibility and reducing the mass of biosolids remaining after digestion. While there has been considerable study of pretreatment processes, a common approach to describing the impact of pretreatments on sludge biodegradability has not been developed. The overall objective of this study was to develop protocols that can be employed to characterize the impact of pretreatment processes on WAS digestion.
Download or read book Effects of Thermal Treatment of Sludge on Municipal Wastewater Treatment Costs written by Lewis J. Ewing and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Thermal Hydrolysis and Thermal Alkaline Pretreatment of Waste Activated Sludge Comparison of Effects on Biogas Yield Dewaterability Sludge Liquor and Cost benefit Analysis written by Vahid Toutian and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Effect of Thermochemical Pretreatment on the Dewaterability and Biodegradability of Waste Activated Sludge written by Nishant Rao and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology written by Duncan Mara and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-08-07 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Access to safe water is a fundamental human need and therefore a basic human right" --Kofi Annan, United Nations Secretary General Edited by two world-renowned scientists in the field, The Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology provides a definitive and comprehensive coverage of water and wastewater microbiology. With contributions from experts from around the world, this book gives a global perspective on the important issues faced in the provision of safe drinking water, the problems of dealing with aquatic pollution and the processes involved in wastewater management. Starting with an introductory chapter of basic microbiological principles, The Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology develops these principles further, ensuring that this is the essential text for process engineers with little microbiological experience and specialist microbiologists alike. Comprehensive selection of reviews dealing with drinking water and aquatic pollution Provides an understading of basic microbiology and how it is applied to engineering process solutions Suitable for all levels of knowledge in microbiology -from those with no background to specialists who require the depth of information
Download or read book Effect of Pretreatment on the Filtration of Low Turbidity Secondary Effluent written by Leon S. Directo and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biovalorisation of Wastes to Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels written by R. Navanietha Krishnaraj and published by . This book was released on 2019-10-25 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biovalorisation of Wastes to Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels addresses advanced technologies for converting waste to biofuels and value-added products. Biovalorisation has several advantages over conventional bioremediation processes as it helps reduce the costs of bioprocesses. Examples are provided of several successfully commercialized technologies, giving insight into developing, potential processes for biovalorisation of different wastes. Different bioprocess strategies are discussed for valorising the wastes coming from the leather industry, olive oil industry, pulp and paper, winery, textile, and food industries, as well as aquaculture. A section on biorefinery for hydrocarbons and emerging contaminants is included to cover concepts on biodesulfurization of petroleum wastes, leaching of heavy metals from E - waste, and bioelectrochemical processes for CO2. Chapters on algal biorefinery are also included to focus on the technologies for conversion of CO2 sequestration and wastewater utilization. Biovalorisation of Wastes to Renewable Chemicals and Biofuels can be used as course material for graduate students in chemical engineering, chemistry, and biotechnology, and as a reference for industrial professionals and researchers who want to gain a basic understanding on the subject. Covers a wide range of topics, from the conversion of wastes to organic acids, biofuels, biopolymers and industrially relevant products Bridges the gap between academics and industry Written in a lucid and self-explanatory style Includes activities/quiz/critical questions
Download or read book Activated Sludge written by Wesley Eckenfelder and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-08-04 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: Process Theory Kinetics and Sludge Quality Control: Activated Sludge Process - Process Theory - Activated Sludge Separation Problems - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Municipal Wastewater U.S.A. Practice: General Approach - Clarifier Design - Aeration Tank (Reactor) Design - Appurtenance Design - Configurations - References European Practices: Introduction - Historical Perspective - Process Design - Models - Dynamic Models - Aeration Systems - Alternatives to the Main Types of Aeration Units - Secondary Settlement - Process Sequences - Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA) - Some Other Process Variants - Future Trends - References Activated Sludge Treatment of Industrial Waters: Introduction - Pretreatment of Industrial Wastewater - Characterization of Industrial Wastewater - Principles of Biological Oxidation - Acclimation of Biological Sludges - Kinetics of Organic Removal - Activated Sludge Effluent Variability - Bioinhibition of the Activated Sludge Process - Effect of Temperature - Sludge Quality Control - Stripping of Volatile Organics - Nitrification and Denitrification - Activated Sludge Processes - Treatment of Industrial Wastewaters in Municipal Activated Sludge Plants - Application of Powdered Activated Carbon (PACT) - Final Clarification - Effluent Suspended Solids Control - Laboratory and Pilot Plant Procedures for the Development of Process Design Criteria - Activated Sludge Design Procedure for Soluble Wastewater Using Complete Mix Activated Sludge - Design Procedure for a Wastewater Containing Degradable Influent Volatile Suspended Solids - Design for Priority Pollutant Removal - References.
