Download or read book Investigation of Residual Stress in Steel Welds Using Neutron and Synchrotron Diffraction written by Anna Maria Ziara-Paradowska and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Residual Stress by Diffraction using Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation written by M.E. Fitzpatrick and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-02-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While residual stress can be a problem in many industries and lead to early failure of component, it can also be introduced deliberately to improve lifetimes. Knowledge of the residual stress state in a component can be critical for quality control of surface engineering processes or vital to performing an accurate assessment of component life unde
Download or read book Investigation of Residual Stress in Steel Welds written by Anna Maria Paradowska and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-09 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book seeks to improve knowledge and understanding of residual stress in steel welds by providing a detailed distribution of those stresses measured by non-destructive independent techniques, such as neutron and synchrotron diffraction methods. The work has investigated improved measurement and data interpretation procedures relating to these techniques. One investigation related to the design of stress-free reference samples and the procedure by which they should be measured. Another investigation related to the development of consistency checks on the residual stress measurements to ensure that they met boundary requirements. It was found that these factors were critical for obtaining good correlation between residual stresses measured by synchrotron and neutron diffraction. The work adds to the understanding of the nature of residual stress in welded components. The measurements were compared to the estimates published in the current fitness-for- service codes and provide a sounder base by which finite element models can be judged.
Download or read book Investigation of Residual Stress in Aluminothermic and Flash butt Rail Welds Using Neutron Diffraction written by Bahar Khodabakhshi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis seeks to improve residual stress measurement techniques in large components with complex geometries using neutron diffraction. In this work, residual stresses in rail weld samples were measured at locations in welds where traditional methods of measurement are not able to access. This is the first time that full scale rail welds were used for neutron diffraction measurements. The procedure used in these measurements can be used to measure residualstresses more accurately and with higher resolutions in structures with complex and large geometries.Residual stresses in four rail samples were measured at locations where welds are more prone to crack and fracture. Two of the rail welds were made using aluminothermic welding technique, and they had different preheating conditions. Other two samples were made through flash-butt welding technique, and different welding machines were employed to make them. Using the measured residual stresses, the correlation between railway welding techniques, some of the welds' metallurgical characteristics and the measured residual stresses were determined.This work can be used as a stepping stone toward weld optimization procedure in railwayindustry by minimizing the magnitude of residual stresses, and it adds to understanding of measuring residual stresses in full scale samples, lattice parameter measurements in reference samples and determining the correlation between welding parameters and residual stresses inrail welds. The result obtained through these measurements can be used as a sound base for fatigue analysis and life span prediction of rail welds.
Download or read book Stress Evaluation Using Neutrons and Synchrotron Radiation written by Anke Pyzalla and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2008-03-07 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume is indexed by Thomson Reuters CPCI-S (WoS). This collection addresses specific topics within the field of stress measurement in solids using neutrons, X-rays and synchrotron radiation. Particular attention is paid to multidisciplinary approaches involving an understanding of the measured stress field and the implications of the stress field for the behaviour of materials and components.
Download or read book Residual Stress Analysis on Welded Joints by Means of Numerical Simulation and Experiments written by Paolo Ferro and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to quantify residual stresses induced by welding processes through experimentation or numerical simulation has become, today more than ever, of strategic importance in the context of their application to advanced design. This is an ongoing challenge that commenced many years ago. Recent design criteria endeavour to quantify the effect of residual stresses on fatigue strength of welded joints to allow a more efficient use of materials and a greater reliability of welded structures. The aim of the present book is contributing to these aspects of design through a collection of case-studies that illustrate both standard and advanced experimental and numerical methodologies used to assess the residual stress field in welded joints. The work is intended to be of assistance to designers, industrial engineers and academics who want to deepen their knowledge of this challenging topic.
Download or read book Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation written by Deon Marais and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Mechanical Stress Evaluation by Neutron and Synchrotron Radiation which was hosted by the South African Nuclear Energy Corporation (Necsa) SOC Limited in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The conference topics included deformation & modeling, processing & welding, techniques & instruments, mechanical methods vs. diffraction, microstructure & characterization, surface modification & coatings, 3D/4D characterization and fatigue, creep & plasticity.
Download or read book Measurement of Residual and Applied Stress Using Neutron Diffraction written by M.T. Hutchings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The accurate, absolute, and non-destructive measurement of residual stress fields within metallic, ceramic, and composite engineering components has been one of the major problems facing engineers for many years, and so the extension of X-ray methods to the use of neutrons represents a major advance. The technique utilizes the unique penetrating power of the neutron into most engineering materials, combined with the sensitivity of diffraction, to measure the separation of lattice planes within grains of polycrystalline engineering materials, thus providing an internal strain gauge. The strain is then converted to stress using calibrated elastic constants. It was just over ten years ago that the initial neutron diffraction measurements of residual stress were carried out, and during the ensuing decade measurements have commenced at most steady state reactors and pulsed sources around the world. So swift has been the development of the field that, in addition to fundamental scientific studies, commercial measurements have been made on industrial components for several years now. The use of neutrons is ideally suited to the determination of triaxial macrostress tensors, macrostress gradients, and microstresses in composites and multiphase alloys as well as deformed, plastically anisotropic metals and alloys. To date, it has been used to investigate welded and heat-treated industrial components, to characterize composites, to study the response of material under applied loads, to calibrate more portable methods such as ultrasonics, and to verify computer modelling calculations of residual and applied stress.
Download or read book Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction written by M.T. Hutchings and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years the field of neutron diffraction for residual stress characterization has grown tremendously, and has matured from the stage of trial demonstrations to provide a practical tool with widespread applications in materials science and engineering. While the literature on the subject has grown commensurately, it has also remained
Download or read book Measurement of Residual Stress in Materials Using Neutrons written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress develops during the synthesis and use of materials such as alloys and compounds. Measurement of residual stress is essential to improve the quality of synthesized materials and diagnosis of failure and/or reliability of fabricated components.
Download or read book Investigation of Residual Stresses in Engineering Components Using Neutron and Synchrotron X ray Diffraction Techniques written by Nada Ananthaviravakumar and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to the Characterization of Residual Stress by Neutron Diffraction written by M.T. Hutchings and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past 25 years the field of neutron diffraction for residual stress characterization has grown tremendously, and has matured from the stage of trial demonstrations to provide a practical tool with widespread applications in materials science and engineering. While the literature on the subject has grown commensurately, it has also remained
Download or read book Residual Stresses 2016 written by Thomas M. Holden and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the proceedings of the International Conference on Residual Stresses 10 and is devoted to the prediction/modelling, evaluation, control, and application of residual stresses in engineering materials. New developments, on stress-measurement techniques, on modelling and prediction of residual stresses and on progress made in the fundamental understanding of the relation between the state of residual stress and the material properties, are highlighted. The proceedings offer an overview of the current understanding of the role of residual stresses in materials used in wide ranging application areas.
Download or read book Residual Stresses 2018 written by Marc Seefeldt and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2018-10-10 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Conference on Residual Stresses (ECRS) series is the leading European forum for scientific exchange on internal and residual stresses in materials. It addresses both academic and industrial experts and covers a broad gamut of stress-related topics from instrumentation via experimental and modelling methodology up to stress problems in specific processes such as welding or shot-peening, and their impact on materials properties. Chapters: Diffraction Methods; Mechanical Relaxation Methods; Acoustic and Electromagnetic Methods; Composites, Nano and Microstructures; Films, Coatings and Oxides; Cold Working and Machining; Heat Treatments and Phase Transformations; Welding, Fatigue and Fracture: Stresses in Additive Manufacturing.
Download or read book Investigation of Residual Stresses in a Multipass Weld in 1 In Stainless Steel Plate written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Residual stresses and strains were measured in two welded 25-mm thick plates of type 304 stainless steel by the neutron diffraction. The filler metal was type 308 stainless steel and the weld zone had a two phase microstructure in which the austenitic phase lattice parameter differs from the base metal. In these circumstances stain-free samples were taken from the weld zone area for analysis of the lattice parameters and ferrite content using neutron powder diffraction. Corrections for lattice parameter variation were applied permitting the calculation of residual strains and stresses in weld zone, heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal. One of the two welds was examined without stress relief and the other was given a stress relief treatment consisting of vibration at a frequency below the resonant condition dudng welding. In both plates the largest residual stress component (longitudinal) is found in the fusion zone near the boundary between the weld zone and the heat affected zone. This longitudinal component is 400 " 50 MPa in tension. The normal stresses are generally close to zero although large fluctuations are found in the weld zone. The transverse stresses are as high as 200 MPa in the weld zone and decrease to 50 MPa " 40 MPa. The lattice parameter variation was equivalent to 5 x l0-4 compressive strain and the ferrite content approached 9 percent at the center of the weld zone. Variations in residual stresses with thickness through the base metal plate were small. The treated plate and untreated plate showed nearly identical patterns of stress distribution. Differences in the measured stresses between vibratory-stress-relief treated and untreated plates fall within error bars of the stress determination in these particular 25 mm thick 300-type stainless steel plates.
Download or read book Examining Stress Relaxation in a Dissimilar Metal Weld Subjected to Postweld Heat Treatment written by K. Abburi Venkata and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dissimilar metal welds are often required in nuclear power plants to join components made from austenitic steels to those from ferritic steels, particularly in fast breeder reactor plants, in order to join the intermediate heat exchanger to the steam generator. The process of welding alters the microstructure of the base materials and causes residual stresses to form, both because of the change in the microstructure and the differing thermal histories in various regions. Postweld heat treatment (PWHT) is required to relieve the residual stresses and achieve preferable microstructural gradients across the weld joint. Therefore, in order to arrive at the optimal PWHT process, it is necessary to investigate the effects of heat treatment on the joint integrity, microstructure, and residual stress relaxation in the welds. To investigate the effect of PWHT on the residual stress relaxation and corresponding alteration of microstructure across a welded joint, a dissimilar weld between modified 9Cr-1Mo steel and austenitic stainless steel AISI 316LN was made using autogenous electron beam welding. To achieve this, the welding process was first modeled numerically using finite element analysis, and the residual stress predictions were validated by experimental investigation using neutron diffraction. The validated model was then used to study the residual stress relaxation through the simulation of PWHT. The predicted stress relaxation was compared with contour method measurement of residual stresses in the actual welded plate subjected to PWHT. The results indicate that, although some relaxation of residual stresses occurred during PWHT, there is still a significant portion of highly localized residual stresses left in the specimen.
Download or read book Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods written by Gary S. Schajer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-23 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An introductory and intermediate level handbook written in pragmatic style to explain residual stresses and to provide straightforward guidance about practical measurement methods. Residual stresses play major roles in engineering structures, with highly beneficial effects when designed well, and catastrophic effects when ignored. With ever-increasing concern for product performance and reliability, there is an urgent need for a renewed assessment of traditional and modern measurement techniques. Success critically depends on being able to make the most practical and effective choice of measurement method for a given application. Practical Residual Stress Measurement Methods provides the reader with the information needed to understand key residual stress concepts and to make informed technical decisions about optimal choice of measurement technique. Each chapter, written by invited specialists, follows a focused and pragmatic format, with subsections describing the measurement principle, residual stress evaluation, practical measurement procedures, example applications, references and further reading. The chapter authors represent both international academia and industry. Each of them brings to their writing substantial hands-on experience and expertise in their chosen field. Fully illustrated throughout, the book provides a much-needed practical approach to residual stress measurements. The material presented is essential reading for industrial practitioners, academic researchers and interested students. Key features: • Presents an overview of the principal residual stress measurement methods, both destructive and non-destructive, with coverage of new techniques and modern enhancements of established techniques • Includes stand-alone chapters, each with its own figures, tables and list of references, and written by an invited team of international specialists
