Download or read book Investigation of CZTSe Solar Cell with ZnS ZnSe and In2S3 as Buffer Layers written by Madan Morusu and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demand for energy is ever growing and so is the demand for renewables as the fossil fuels are depleting at a rapid phase. The main goal of this thesis is to develop an optical model to calculate the optical properties of given cell like external quantum efficiency, reflectance, transmittance and maximum short circuit current. Among today's thin film technologies CIGS and CdTe are profound but the toxic nature of Cd, and hard to mine elements used in CIGS, like In, Ga make the commercial level production not feasible. The use of CZTSe which is mainly made of earth abundant materials, as absorber layer is investigated. Possible replacement materials of predominantly used buffer layer CdS such as ZnS, ZnSe and In2S3 are investigated.
Download or read book Optical Investigations of Cd Free Cu2ZnSnS4 Solar Cells written by Srikanth Gangam and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We conducted optical simulations with the goal of determining the optimal design of the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) solar cells with In2S3, ZnS and ZnSe as buffer layers. The model is parameterized with the complex index of refraction of each layer in the stack. Using optical modeling, the quantum efficiency (QE) of the solar cell is calculated and used to calculate the maximum short circuit current. A comparison of the solar cell performance in simulations using In2S3, ZnS, ZnSe and conventional CdS revealed an increase in QE while using ZnS, ZnSe and In2S3 as buffer layers.
Download or read book Investigation of ZnSe and ZnSxSe1 x for Application in Thin Film Solar Cells written by Stephen Armstrong and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AbstractSuccessful deposition of ZnSe and ZnS?Sei_x layers has been performed with close-spaced thermal evaporation (CSTE). ZnSe (Eg = 2.67eV) and ZnS, Sei, (Eg to 3.6eV) have the potential to replace CdS (Eg = 2.42 eV) as a buffer layer in solar cell applications, giving a two-fold benefit: (i) increased blue response of the cell, potentially allowing more light to reach the pn junction and contribute to photogeneration and (ii) reduce the toxic Cd element of the buffer layer. CSTE has produced films in which the deposition parameters can be controlled to alter the morphology of the as-deposited coatings. SEM and AFM investigations have shown that pinhole free ZnSe and ZnS?Sei_x films can be produced with this deposition process. In addition, the ZnSxSei, layers show a linear shift in lattice constant and a systematic shift in energy bandgap with alloy composition. XRD data and the steep absorption edges in the transmittance data confirm the good crystallinity of the layers. To partner the ZnSe and ZnS, Sei_x buffer layers in a thin film heterojunction, CdTe absorber layers were grown in the superstrate configuration. These CdTe layers were deposited in the same deposition chamber, without breaking vacuum, to reduce the risk of interfacial contamination. ZnSe and ZnSxSei_x / CdTe solar cells were fabricated with the best cell producing PV characteristics of: short circuit current 17mAcm-2, open circuit voltage 460mV and efficiency approaching 3%. The spectral response of all ZnSe and ZnSxSei_x / CdTe devices demonstrated a systematic shift to shorter wavelengths with increasing alloy composition, therefore showing the potential of these materials to increase solar cell efficiency. This low cost deposition process has shown excellent potential to be scaled up for commercial applications.
Download or read book Investigation of Polycrystalline Thin film CuInSe2 Solar Cells Based on ZnSe and ZnO Buffer Layers written by Larry C. Olsen and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Polycrystalline Thin film CuInSe2 Solar Cells Based on ZnSe and ZnO Buffer Layers Final Report February 16 1992 November 15 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this program was to determine the potential of ZnSe and ZnO buffer layers in solar cells based on CuInSe2 and related alloys. Experimental studies were carried out with CIS and CIGSS substrates. ZnSe films were deposited by a CVD process which involved the reaction of a zinc adduct and H2Se. Al/ZnSe/CIS test cells were used for process development. Test cell performance aided in determining the optimum thickness for ZnSe buffer layers to be in the range of 150 Å to 200 Å for Siemens CIS material, and between 80 Å and 120 Å for the graded absorber material. If the buffer layers exceeded these values significantly, the short-circuit current would be reduced to zero. The best efficiency achieved for a ZnSe/CIS cell was an active area value of 9.2%. In general, deposition of a conductive ZnO film on top of a ZnSe/CIS structure resulted in either shunted or inflected I-V characteristics. Two approaches were investigated for depositing ZnO buffer layers, namely, chemical bath deposition and CVD. CVD ZnO buffer layers are grown by reacting a zinc adduct with tetrahydrofuran. Best results were obtained for ZnO buffer layers grown with a substrate temperature ca. 225--250 C. These studies concentrated on Siemens graded absorber material (CIGSS). ZnO/CIS solar cells have been fabricated by first depositing a ZnO buffer layer, followed by deposition of a low resistivity ZnO top contact layer and an Al/Ag collector grid. Several cells were fabricated with an area of 0.44 cm2 that have total area efficiencies greater than 11%. To date, the best performing ZnO/CIS cell had a total area efficiency of 11.3%. In general, the authors find that ZnO buffer layers should have a resistivity> 1,000 ohm-cm and have a thickness from 200 Å to 600 Å. CIS cells studies with ZnO buffer layers grown by CBD also show promise. Finally, simulation studies were carried out using the 1-D code, PC-1D.
Download or read book Investigation of Polycrystalline Thin film CuInSe sub 2 Solar Cells Based on ZnSe and ZnO Buffer Layers Final Report February 16 1992 November 15 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The major objective of this program was to determine the potential of ZnSe and ZnO buffer layers in solar cells based on CuInSe2 and related alloys. Experimental studies were carried out with CIS and CIGSS substrates. ZnSe films were deposited by a CVD process which involved the reaction of a zinc adduct and H2Se. Al/ZnSe/CIS test cells were used for process development. Test cell performance aided in determining the optimum thickness for ZnSe buffer layers to be in the range of 150 +!to 200 +!for Siemens CIS material, and between 80 +!and 120 +!for the graded absorber material. If the buffer layers exceeded these values significantly, the short-circuit current would be reduced to zero. The best efficiency achieved for a ZnSe/CIS cell was an active area value of 9.2%. In general, deposition of a conductive ZnO film on top of a ZnSe/CIS structure resulted in either shunted or inflected I-V characteristics. Two approaches were investigated for depositing ZnO buffer layers, namely, chemical bath deposition and CVD. CVD ZnO buffer layers are grown by reacting a zinc adduct with tetrahydrofuran. Best results were obtained for ZnO buffer layers grown with a substrate temperature ca. 225--250 C. These studies concentrated on Siemens graded absorber material (CIGSS). ZnO/CIS solar cells have been fabricated by first depositing a ZnO buffer layer, followed by deposition of a low resistivity ZnO top contact layer and an Al/Ag collector grid. Several cells were fabricated with an area of 0.44 cm2 that have total area efficiencies greater than 11%. To date, the best performing ZnO/CIS cell had a total area efficiency of 11.3%. In general, the authors find that ZnO buffer layers should have a resistivity> 1,000 ohm-cm and have a thickness from 200 +!to 600 +! CIS cells studies with ZnO buffer layers grown by CBD also show promise. Finally, simulation studies were carried out using the 1-D code, PC-1D.
Download or read book Study of CZTSe Solar Cell with Respect to the Efficiency with an Electron Microscope written by Christophe Verbist and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Solar Cell Materials written by Arthur Willoughby and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-13 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comparison of solar cell materials, including both new materials based on organics, nanostructures and novel inorganics and developments in more traditional photovoltaic materials. It surveys the materials and materials trends in the field including third generation solar cells (multiple energy level cells, thermal approaches and the modification of the solar spectrum) with an eye firmly on low costs, energy efficiency and the use of abundant non-toxic materials.
Download or read book Investigation of Polycrystalline Thin Film CuInSe2 Solar Cells Based on ZnSe Windows Annual Subcontract Report 15 February 1993 14 February 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report concerns studies of CIS solar cells based on ZnSe window layers. ZnSe/CIS devices are fabricated by growing ZnSe films by MOCVD onto Siemens CIS and graded absorber substrates. ZnSe films are grown by reacting H2Se with a zinc adduct. ZnSe/CIS heterojunctions have been studied by depositing transparent aluminum contacts onto ZnSe. These studies indicate that ZnSe/CIS solar cells can be fabricated with an efficiency greater than 14%. Open circuit voltages are typically larger than 500 mV and the optimum range of ZnSe film thickness for maximum efficiency is between 100 Å and 250 Å. Photocurrents are significantly reduced as the film thickness exceeds 250 Å. Photoluminescence spectroscopy has been utilized to characterize the physical nature of CIS substrate surfaces, and ZnSe-CIS interfaces. These studies indicate that a segregated phase(s) exists at the surface of as received Siemens substrates. Additionally, it is determined that the segregated phase(s) still exist after the ZnSe growth process. To date, sputtered ZnO top contact layers have caused degradation of the photovoltaic properties of the ZnSe/CIS structure. Investigations of the effects of MOCVD grown ZnO upon ZnSe/CIS structures will soon be initiated. To establish the feasibility of ZnSe as a window layer, cells have been fabricated by incorporating a protective layer of CdS between the ZnSe and ZnO. A total area efficiency of 11% was obtained with such a structure.
Download or read book ZnS Zn O OH S Based Buffer Layer Deposition for Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The invention provides CBD ZnS/Zn(O,OH)S and spray deposited ZnS/Zn(O,OH)S buffer layers prepared from a solution of zinc salt, thiourea and ammonium hydroxide dissolved in a non-aqueous/aqueous solvent mixture or in 100% non-aqueous solvent. Non-aqueous solvents useful in the invention include methanol, isopropanol and triethyl-amine. One-step deposition procedures are described for CIS, CIGSand other solar cell devices.
Download or read book Analysis of CIGS based Thin film Tandem Solar Cell with ZnS Buffer Layers written by Farhood Rasouli and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Investigation of Cd free Buffer Layers for CIGSe Thin Film Solar Cells written by 何偉豪 and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices RF Transmitters and Laser Systems written by A. R. Jha, Ph.D. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-06-03 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deployment of Rare Earth Materials in Microware Devices, RF Transmitters, and Laser Systems describes the deployment of rare earth materials that offer significant improvement in the RF performance, reliability, weight, and size of microwave devices, RF transmitters, and laser systems. RF components, microware transmitters, laser systems, and special timing devices are described, with an emphasis on improvement in the performance parameters.
Download or read book The Physics Of Solar Cells written by Jenny A Nelson and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2003-05-09 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of the photovoltaic cell. It is suitable for undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers new to the field. It covers: basic physics of semiconductors in photovoltaic devices; physical models of solar cell operation; characteristics and design of common types of solar cell; and approaches to increasing solar cell efficiency. The text explains the terms and concepts of solar cell device physics and shows the reader how to formulate and solve relevant physical problems. Exercises and worked solutions are included.
Download or read book 2016 IEEE 43rd Photovoltaic Specialists Conference PVSC written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2016-06-05 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: scientific and engineering technical conference covering all aspects of photovoltaics materials, devices, systems and reliability
Download or read book High Efficient Low Cost Photovoltaics written by Vesselinka Petrova-Koch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bird's-eye view of the developmental trends and problems of recent photovoltaics is presented. The worldwide effort to develop high-efficiency low-cost PV modules, making use of most efficient solar cells and clever low-cost solar concentrators is described.
Download or read book ICREEC 2019 written by Ahmed Belasri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights peer reviewed articles from the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy and Energy Conversion, ICREEC 2019, held at Oran in Algeria. It presents recent advances, brings together researchers and professionals in the area and presents a platform to exchange ideas and establish opportunities for a sustainable future. Topics covered in this proceedings, but not limited to, are photovoltaic systems, bioenergy, laser and plasma technology, fluid and flow for energy, software for energy and impact of energy on the environment.
