Download or read book Investigating the Temporal Dynamics of Auditory Processing and Selective Attention Using Continous and Ecologically Valid Stimuli written by Alan James Power and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temporal Dynamics of Endogenous and Stimulus driven Attention written by Amy Leah Daitch and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective attention allows us to filter out irrelevant sensory information in the environment and focus neural resources on information relevant to our current goals, while being able to flexibly shift our focus to potentially rewarding or harmful stimuli. Functional brain imaging studies have identified networks of broadly distributed brain regions that are recruited during goal-driven attention (i.e. based on internal expectations or goals) and/or stimulus-driven attention (i.e. driven by salient or unexpected stimuli); however, the dynamics by which these networks enable selection of attended sensory information are not well understood due to the low temporal resolution of functional neuroimaging. Here, we first used functional MRI to localize attention-related and other task-relevant and -irrelevant brain networks in human epileptic subjects, prior to localization of their seizure foci using electrocorticography (ECoG), electrodes placed directly on the cortical surface. We subsequently recorded cortical physiology from the ECoG electrodes during a spatial attention task, involving both goal-driven and stimulus-driven attention, and co-registered electrode positions with the fMRI-defined networks to study network-specific dynamics during these two processes. We found that low frequency local field potential (LFP) oscillations, which are thought to reflect fluctuations in local neuronal excitability, became selectively phase modulated over task-relevant brain regions/networks during the same task epochs in which they are recruited in fMRI. This mechanism may alter the excitability of task-relevant regions or the effective connectivity between them to enable selective neural processing of attended stimuli. Furthermore, different attention processes (holding vs. shifting attention) were associated with phase modulations at different frequencies, possibly to multiplex different cognitive processes and minimize unnecessary cross talk between unrelated neuronal populations.
Download or read book Cognitive hearing science Investigating the relationship between selective attention and brain activity written by Jerker Rönnberg and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-18 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attention and Time written by Kia Nobre and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our ability to attend selectively to our surroundings - taking notice of the things that matter, and ignoring those that don't - is crucial if we are to negotiate the world around us in an efficient manner. Several aspects of the temporal dimension turn out to be critical in determining how we can put together and select the events that are important to us as they themselves unfold over time. For example, we often miss events that happen while we are occupied perceiving or responding to another stimulus. On the other hand, temporal regularity between events can also greatly improve our perception. In addition, our perception of the passage of time itself can also be distorted as while we are performing actions or paying attention to different aspects of the environment. Surprisingly, this fascinating and fundamental interplay between ' attention' and 'time' has been relatively neglected in the psychology and neuroscience literatures until very recently. Attention & Time is the first book to address this foundational topic, bringing together several intriguing and hitherto fragmented findings into a compelling and cohesive field of enquiry. The book contains thirty-one critical-review chapters from internationally recognised experts in the field, carefully organised into three stand-alone, yet extensively cross-referenced, themed sections. Each section focuses on distinct ways in which attention and time influence one another. These sections, each encompassing a range of methodologies from classical cognitive psychology to single-cell neurophysiology, provide functionally unifying frameworks to help guide the reader through the many various experimental and theoretical approaches adopted. Section 1 considers variations of attention across time, and explores how attentional allocation is limited by very short or very long intervals of time. Section 2 describes several types of temporal illusion, illustrating how attention can modulate the perception of the passage of time itself. "A watched pot never boils" and, conversely, "time flies when you're having fun" nicely capture the experimental observation that the degree of attention allocated to stimulus timing contributes to its subjective duration. Finally, Section 3 examines how attention can be directed in time, to predictable or expected moments in time, so as to optimise behaviour. Bringing conceptually discrete, yet functionally related, fields of temporal attention research together within a single volume, this book provides a comprehensive overview that will be of value to the interested novice in cognitive neuroscience, whilst also inspiring experts in the field to make, perhaps previously overlooked, links with their own field of research.
Download or read book Effects of Auditory and Visual Temporally Selective Attention on Electrophysiological Indices of Early Perceptual Processing written by P. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporally selective attention is preferential processing of sensory information at selected time points. Event-related potential (ERP) studies have shown that auditory temporal attention modulates perceptual processing by 80ms after sound onset, as does auditory spatial attention. The shortest-latency efforts of visual temporal attention on perceptual processing are consistently later than for visual spatial attention. Methodological differences in previous measures of temporal attention prevented direct comparisons between modalities. Most studies of temporal attention lacked distractors, which influence spatial attention, and may impact temporal selection. In four ERP experiments, participants were trained to attend to a time around 500, 1000, or 1500 ms after trial onset, to detect rare deviants among common standards. Auditory or visual stimuli were presented as single isolated events or among sequences of temporal distractors. Distractors increased auditory performance over visual at the long times, and decreased it at the short times, though overall performance was equal across modality. Three experiments showed a decrease in temporal discrimination from better at shorter than medium, to worst at long times; in the experiment with auditory distractors, there was no effect of deviant presentation time. A negativity leading up to attended times (CNV) may have indexed timing-related processing. Independently, both targets and non-target standards/probes at attended times elicited a larger posterior positivity ~300 ms after onset (P3) compared to identical stimuli at unattended times. In both auditory experiments temporal attention appeared to elicit larger negativities in the auditory N1 time window to non-target standards/probes. Temporal attention also appeared to increase visual N1 amplitude, but only with single stimuli without distractors. Modulations of perceptual processing were observed at shorter latencies for sounds (auditory N1) than images (visual N1). Individual variation was indexed by a positive correlation across all experiments in the ability to discriminate between temporal intervals. Behavioral ability to discriminate the time intervals did not explain variability in effects on early perceptual processing (N1). Differences in temporal attention between the visual and auditory modalities likely exist. Temporal attention may act earlier in the auditory modality than visual, independent of experimental paradigm.
Download or read book Examining Auditory Selective Attention written by Josefa Oberem and published by . This book was released on 2020-04-10 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of the present thesis is to examine the cognitive control mechanisms underlying auditory selective attention by considering the influence of variables that increase the complexity of an auditory scene. Therefore, technical aspects such as dynamic binaural hearing, room acoustics and head movements as well as those that influence the efficiency of cognitive processing are taken into account. Step-by-step the well-established dichotic-listening paradigm is extended into a realistic spatial listening paradigm. Conducted empirical surveys are based on a paradigm examining the intentional switching of auditory selective attention. Performance measure differences between the repetition of the target's spatial position and the related switch describe the loss of efficiency associated with redirecting attention from one target's location to another. To examine whether the irrelevant auditory information is decoded, interference in the processing of task-relevant and task-irrelevant information is created in the paradigm. Using the binaural-listening paradigm, the ability to intentionally switch auditory selective attention is tested when applying different methods of spatial reproduction. Essential differences between real sources, an individual and a non-individual binaural synthesis are found. As a step towards multi-talker scenarios in realistic environments participants are tested in differently reverberating environments, resulting in highly affected switch costs. Age-related effects are found when applying the binaural-listening paradigm, indicating difficulties for elderly to suppress processing the distractor's speech.
Download or read book Subjective Time written by Valtteri Arstila and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interdisciplinary perspectives on the feature of conscious life that scaffolds every act of cognition: subjective time. Our awareness of time and temporal properties is a constant feature of conscious life. Subjective temporality structures and guides every aspect of behavior and cognition, distinguishing memory, perception, and anticipation. This milestone volume brings together research on temporality from leading scholars in philosophy, psychology, and neuroscience, defining a new field of interdisciplinary research. The book's thirty chapters include selections from classic texts by William James and Edmund Husserl and new essays setting them in historical context; contemporary philosophical accounts of lived time; and current empirical studies of psychological time. These last chapters, the larger part of the book, cover such topics as the basic psychophysics of psychological time, its neural foundations, its interaction with the body, and its distortion in illness and altered states of consciousness. Contributors Melissa J. Allman, Holly Andersen, Valtteri Arstila, Yan Bao, Dean V. Buonomano, Niko A. Busch, Barry Dainton, Sylvie Droit-Volet, Christine M. Falter, Thomas Fraps, Shaun Gallagher, Alex O. Holcombe, Edmund Husserl, William James, Piotr Jaśkowski, Jeremie Jozefowiez, Ryota Kanai, Allison N. Kurti, Dan Lloyd, Armando Machado, Matthew S. Matell, Warren H. Meck, James Mensch, Bruno Mölder, Catharine Montgomery, Konstantinos Moutoussis, Peter Naish, Valdas Noreika, Sukhvinder S. Obhi, Ruth Ogden, Alan o'Donoghue, Georgios Papadelis, Ian B. Phillips, Ernst Pöppel, John E. R. Staddon, Dale N. Swanton, Rufin VanRullen, Argiro Vatakis, Till M. Wagner, John Wearden, Marc Wittmann, Agnieszka Wykowska, Kielan Yarrow, Bin Yin, Dan Zahavi
Download or read book Temporal Dynamics of Auditory and Cross modal Attention written by Giles J. Greene and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Selective Attention on Auditory Localization in Younger and Older Adults written by Stephanie Yung and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auditory localization, the ability to locate sounds, declines with age due to changes in peripheral and central auditory processing. As selective attention is typically preserved in older adults, drawing their attention towards the stimulus before it occurs may improve auditory localization. This study evaluated this hypothesis by precueing younger and older participants towards a likely location of the upcoming target (a broadband noise) with a visual attentional cue. The attentional cues either provided a) correct information about the upcoming target location (valid) b) incorrect information about the upcoming target location (invalid), or c) no information about the upcoming target location (neutral). Participants estimated the targetâ s location on a schematic drawing of the testing environment. Akin to younger adults, older adults made less errors and biases, and faster responses with valid cues. This suggests that older adults can employ selective attention to improve auditory localization, similar to younger adults.
Download or read book Investigating Auditory Local global Processing Using Visual Research as a Model written by Alexandra List and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auditory Selective Attention in Humans written by Marty G. Woldorff and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Auditory Search written by Susan Gillingham and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Attention Selective Processes in Vision and Hearing written by Neville Moray and published by Hutchinson. This book was released on 1969 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sounds in Time written by Paul Thomas Fillmore and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have described a set of experiments examining temporal organization in the auditory system on several timescales, using several stimulus types, to gain a broad picture of the representation of temporal features of sound in human auditory cortex. Experiment one examined the common claim of left hemisphere specialization for speech based on temporal factors (Schwartz & Tallal, 1980, Zatorre et al., 2002), and how these patterns could be modulated by task demands. Subjects listened to words with or without rapid formant transitions, and performed either a semantic or a phonemic task. We found that in the context of whole-word natural language processing, the presence of rapid temporal change does not result in expected left-lateralized effects. When participants attended to sound analysis, stimulus effects became more likely, but were found in both hemispheres. Our results stress the importance of task demands in evaluating theories of auditory perception. Experiment two used a novel stimulus in fMRI, repeated frozen noise, to examine periodotopic organization in auditory cortex for periods of 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 ms. We found that primary auditory structures were sensitive to all periodicities, with each condition activating distinct additional areas in the temporal plane, and the most anterior areas preferentially sensitive to the longest periods. Despite the use of stimuli within timescales described elsewhere as preferentially driving hemispheric lateralization patterns (Poeppel, 2003), no effects of hemisphere were evident, suggesting that temporal hierarchical organization within hemisphere may be a more dominant structure than that across hemispheres. In experiment three, we used a modified auditory oddball paradigm to find regions of auditory cortex that code for sequence processing for sequences of differing lengths (1, 3 or 6 tones). We found regions sensitive to coding stimulus deviance throughout the temporal lobes, bilaterally. Additionally, downstream areas (i.e. anterior temporal and sensorimotor regions) were increasingly recruited with increasing sequence length. Different areas were active for the three and six-tone conditions, with the six-tone sequence activating the most anterior regions. These spatial patterns, along with those from experiment two, suggest the possibility of a length-based organization for sound in the human temporal lobe.
Download or read book Endogenous Auditory Event Related Potentials of Feature Selective Attention and the Transition Bandwidths of Automatic Attention written by Michael Bellato and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to engage in auditory selective attention relies on listeners discriminating between acoustic features that are simultaneously available within a sound and can differ between auditory objects. Quantifying the qualitative state of these acoustic features has been advanced via COSS analysis. This methodology employs identical stimuli across trials, while directing the listener to attend to one of several acoustic features (e.g. loudness, timbre, or pitch). Weight profiles for loudness and timbre judgments were replicated from previous experiments, while under EEG recordings. While listeners were engaged in making loudness judgments, a characteristic ERP response of the stimulus fundamental frequency (F0) and second harmonic (2F0) was observed. Timbre ERPs displayed a similar response to F0, but a decrease in activity related to 2F0. The dissertation then moves to studying automatic attention. Transition bandwidths are calculated by estimating thresholds at various bandwidths as the number of components in a complex sound is increased at a fixed frequency difference. Thresholds increase with the number of components as the signal to noise ratio is decreased. Eventually a breakpoint is achieved where thresholds decrease as listeners perform profile analysis. This experiment manipulates previous experiments by fixing the phase of each component, instead of randomly sampling each phase independently. Results show a dramatic decrease in threshold estimates associated with profile listening from randomized phase to fixed phase conditions. The physiological basis of this change is investigated on the cortical level. EEG recordings show that F0 power increases with stimulus bandwidth.
Download or read book Spatial Auditory Processing and Selective Attention written by Ida Carolina Zündorf and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Magnetoencephalography written by Selma Supek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 999 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an invaluable functional brain imaging technique that provides direct, real-time monitoring of neuronal activity necessary for gaining insight into dynamic cortical networks. Our intentions with this book are to cover the richness and transdisciplinary nature of the MEG field, make it more accessible to newcomers and experienced researchers and to stimulate growth in the MEG area. The book presents a comprehensive overview of MEG basics and the latest developments in methodological, empirical and clinical research, directed toward master and doctoral students, as well as researchers. There are three levels of contributions: 1) tutorials on instrumentation, measurements, modeling, and experimental design; 2) topical reviews providing extensive coverage of relevant research topics; and 3) short contributions on open, challenging issues, future developments and novel applications. The topics range from neuromagnetic measurements, signal processing and source localization techniques to dynamic functional networks underlying perception and cognition in both health and disease. Topical reviews cover, among others: development on SQUID-based and novel sensors, multi-modal integration (low field MRI and MEG; EEG and fMRI), Bayesian approaches to multi-modal integration, direct neuronal imaging, novel noise reduction methods, source-space functional analysis, decoding of brain states, dynamic brain connectivity, sensory-motor integration, MEG studies on perception and cognition, thalamocortical oscillations, fetal and neonatal MEG, pediatric MEG studies, cognitive development, clinical applications of MEG in epilepsy, pre-surgical mapping, stroke, schizophrenia, stuttering, traumatic brain injury, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, autism, aging and neurodegeneration, MEG applications in cognitive neuropharmacology and an overview of the major open-source analysis tools.
