Download or read book Intrinsic Immunity written by Bryan R. Cullen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-05-17 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research has focused attention on the importance of intrinsic antiviral immunity, i.e. immunity mediated by factors that are constitutively expressed in many cells. In this volume, leading experts provide a comprehensive overview of this relatively new and rapidly evolving field. They cover intrinsic proteinaceous antiviral immune effectors, such as the APOBEC3 and TRIM protein families as well as Tetherin and SAMHD1, which were initially discovered by researchers studying HIV-1. Furthermore, the role of RNA interference in antiviral defense in plants and invertebrates, as well as the interplay between microRNAs and viruses in mammalian cells, are analysed. One chapter discusses how intrinsic immunity and viral countermeasures to intrinsic immune effectors drive both pathogen and host evolution, and finally the emerging evidence that DNA damage response proteins restrict infection by DNA viruses is highlighted.
Download or read book Establishing a Role for Intrinsic Immunity to Influenza A Virus Infection written by Matthew Charman and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Prenylation in Cell intrinsic Innate Immunity to Positive strand RNA Viruses written by Frank William Soveg and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell intrinsic antiviral immunity is a critical facet of the innate immune response to viruses. Since virtually every subcellular compartment can be utilized by viruses for replication, antiviral factors must also be positioned in these compartments to effectively interact with various viral threats. In this thesis, we explored the impact organelle membrane targeting through protein prenylation has on the antiviral specificity of innate immune RNA binding proteins in the context of positive-strand RNA virus infection. Since positive-strand RNA viruses use host organelle membranes to construct niches for RNA replication, we hypothesized antiviral RNA binding proteins that localize to organelle membranes might have enhanced access to viral RNA generated by these viruses during infection. We focused on two antiviral RNA binding proteins: zinc finger antiviral protein (ZAP) and oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1). The long isoform of ZAP, ZAP-L, is prenylated and targeted to endosomes and lysosomes. This localization is critical for its antiviral activity against alphaviruses, which use those compartments for RNA replication. The cytosolic short isoform of ZAP, ZAP-S, regulates interferon RNA. Similarly, the p46 isoform of OAS1 is prenylated and localizes primarily to the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. Localization to these compartments bestows p46 with enhanced antiviral activity against viruses that use ER and Golgi membranes for RNA replication, including picornaviruses, flaviviruses, and coronaviruses. Overall, prenylation can target innate immune antiviral RNA binding proteins to subcellular compartments where positive-strand RNA viruses sequester their RNA.
Download or read book Inborn Errors of Immunity written by Asghar Aghamohammadi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-01-22 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Awareness among clinicians about PIDs, which consist of more than 400 different entities, plays an important role in ensuring that patients receive a timely diagnosis. Furthermore, clinicians who are educated about PIDs can give their patients access to optimal management of their condition, thus helping the patient achieve a better quality-of-life and long-term prognosis. Inborn Errors of Immunity: A Practical Guide provides the most up-to-date information for busy students, nurses, clinical residents, practicing physicians, and even basic researchers. Readers will benefit from a well-structured breakdown of complicated PID diseases, including approaches to their clinical signs/symptoms and immunologic/laboratory findings. Presents valuable contribution of more than 40 expert chapter authors, from top centers spanning five continents, each in a specific PID field Covers various aspects of PID using updated clinical guidelines and standard stepwise pipelines Focuses on the latest developments in the molecular diagnosis and pathogenesis of diseases, with easy explanation and schematic representation of defective signaling pathways Includes dedicated sections for clinical features and immunological tests with carefully-curated figures of PID manifestations, imaging, and histological/pathological illustrations to create the first PID medial-color atlas Summarizes the updated conventional and specific treatments and follow-up notes for different PID diseases
Download or read book The Interplay Between Innate Immunity And Herpesviruses written by Santo Landolfo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-12-03 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Retroviruses written by Source Wikipedia and published by University-Press.org. This book was released on 2013-09 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 28. Chapters: Intrinsic immunity, PtERV1, Retrovirus.
Download or read book Immune and intrinsic correlates of protection in Rhesus macaques immunised against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus written by Washingtone Ochieng' and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007-11-22 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Efficacy assessment of AIDS vaccines relies both on pre-clinically challenging immunised monkeys with a pathogenic virus and subsequent monitoring of infection rates in large human trials. Conventional parameters of vaccine-induced immune responses do not completely predict outcome. Moreover, existing methods for testing cellular immunity are sophisticated and difficult to establish in resource-limited settings, thereby constraining large studies. There is a need for study models that bridge the gap between preclinical and clinical vaccine testing, and which are able to predict a virus-specific vaccine effect before actual challenge. Virus replication kinetics (VVR) on ConA-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was used as an ex vivo model to mimic the interaction between different components of the immune system and viral infection. PBMCs were obtained from the 17 experimental rhesus monkeys before immunisation and subsequently at 12, 26 and 44 weeks during immunisation (wdi). Before immunization, VVR of vaccine-naïve PBMCs varied between individual animals by between >430-fold and >60-fold after 7 and 10 days of infection cultures. VVR of sham-vaccinated control monkeys remained constant over 44 the weeks. However, VVR of immunised animals was significantly attenuated during this follow-up period. This effect was not influenced by the MHC- class 1 Mamu-A*01 allele, which is normally associated with slow disease progression. VVR was instead dependent on the number of IFNγ-producing cells (p=0.001), CD8+ T-cell non-cytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) (p=0.01) and MIP-1α (p=0.013). High VVR correlated with increased CXCL10, IL-1β and MIP-1β. Importantly, pre-challenge VVR, CXCL10, IL-1β and MIP-1β but not IFNγ correlated directly with acute plasma viremia and inversely with memory CD4+ T-cell counts after SIVmac239 challenge. VVR was thus able to predict disease progression and the protective capacity of the vaccine regime. Likewise, pre-challenge CNAR, MIP-1α and IL-10 were associated inversely with acute-phase plasma viremia and directly with memory CD4+ T-cell concentrations in blood. When applied to human studies, this ex vivo infection technique could predict the efficacy of candidate AIDS vaccines prior to phase III clinical trials.
Download or read book Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases written by Nima Rezaei and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of diagnosed cases of primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) – a group of inborn disorders of the immune system – is growing rapidly, but misdiagnosis or late diagnosis still occurs in a significant number of patients, with serious consequences. This is the second edition of a practical reference textbook on PIDs that has been widely welcomed by scientists and clinicians from around the world. The new edition has been extensively revised to reflect advances in knowledge and includes various PIDs not previously covered. For each disease, information is provided on definition, etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management. This book will represent an ideal resource for specialists when engaging in diagnosis, clinical decision-making, and treatment planning. It will also prove invaluable for doctors in training and other physicians and nurses who wish to learn more about PIDs.
Download or read book T Cell intrinsic PHD Proteins Regulate Pulmonary Immunity written by David Cameron Clever and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Introduction to Modern Virology written by Nigel J. Dimmock and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-07 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Praised forits clarity of presentation and accessibility, Introduction to Modern Virology has been a successful student text for over 30 years. It provides a broad introduction to virology, which includes the nature of viruses, the interaction of viruses with their hosts and the consequences of those interactions that lead to the diseases we see. This new edition contains a number of important changes and innovations including: The consideration of immunology now covers two chapters, one on innate immunity and the other on adaptive immunity, reflecting the explosion in knowledge of viral interactions with these systems. The coverage of vaccines and antivirals has been expanded and separated into two new chapters to reflect the importance of these approaches to prevention and treatment. Virus infections in humans are considered in more detail with new chapters on viral hepatitis, influenza, vector-borne diseases, and exotic and emerging viral infections, complementing an updated chapter on HIV. The final section includes three new chapters on the broader aspects of the influence of viruses on our lives, focussing on the economic impact of virus infections, the ways we can use viruses in clinical and other spheres, and the impact that viruses have on the planet and almost every aspect of our lives. A good basic understanding of viruses is important for generalists and specialists alike. The aim of this book is to make such understanding as accessible as possible, allowing students across the biosciences spectrum to improve their knowledge of these fascinating entities.
Download or read book The Cell intrinsic Innate Immune Response to DNA Damage in Human Cells written by Gillian Dunphy and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Interleukin 1 Beta Signaling Induces Cell intrinsic Defense Programs written by Lauren D. Aarreberg and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-05-13 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every aspect of immune function and host defense is dependent upon a proper supply and balance of nutrients. Severe malnutrition can cause significant alteration in immune response, but even subclinical deficits may be associated with an impaired immune response, and an increased risk of infection. Infectious diseases have accounted for more off-duty days during major wars than combat wounds or nonbattle injuries. Combined stressors may reduce the normal ability of soldiers to resist pathogens, increase their susceptibility to biological warfare agents, and reduce the effectiveness of vaccines intended to protect them. There is also a concern with the inappropriate use of dietary supplements. This book, one of a series, examines the impact of various types of stressors and the role of specific dietary nutrients in maintaining immune function of military personnel in the field. It reviews the impact of compromised nutrition status on immune function; the interaction of health, exercise, and stress (both physical and psychological) in immune function; and the role of nutritional supplements and newer biotechnology methods reported to enhance immune function. The first part of the book contains the committee's workshop summary and evaluation of ongoing research by Army scientists on immune status in special forces troops, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The rest of the book contains papers contributed by workshop speakers, grouped under such broad topics as an introduction to what is known about immune function, the assessment of immune function, the effect of nutrition, and the relation between the many and varied stresses encountered by military personnel and their effect on health.
Download or read book Discovering Novel Intrinsic Antiviral Responses to Arboviruses written by Jie Xu and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Inactivation of a Daxx mediated Cellular Intrinsic Immune Defense Against Human Cytomegalovirus Contributes to Viral Gene Expression written by Ryan Thomas Saffert and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book APOBEC3 Mediated Intrinsic Immunity to Retroviral Infection written by Brian P. Doehle and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
