Download or read book Systematic Screening for Active Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2013 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been calls to revisit the experiences of TB screening campaigns that were widely applied in Europe and North America in the mid-20th century, as well as more recent experiences with TB screening in countries with a high burden of the disease, and to assess their possible relevance for TB care and prevention in the 21st century. In response, WHO has developed guidelines on screening for active TB. An extensive review of the evidence has been undertaken. The review suggests that screening, if done in the right way and targeting the right people, may reduce suffering and death, but the review also highlights several reasons to be cautious. As discussed in detail in this book, there is a need to balance potential benefits against the risks and costs of screening; this conclusion is mirrored by the history of TB screening. This publication presents the first comprehensive assessment by WHO of the appropriateness of screening for active TB since the recommendations made in 1974 by the Expert Committee. However, the relative effectiveness and cost effectiveness of screening remain uncertain, a point that is underscored by the systematic reviews presented in this guideline. Evidence suggests that some risk groups should always be screened, whereas the prioritization of other risk groups as well as the choice of screening approach depend on the epidemiology, the health-system context, and the resources available. This book sets out basic principles for prioritizing risk groups and choosing a screening approach; it also emphasizes the importance of assessing the epidemiological situation, adapting approaches to local situations, integrating TB screening into other health-promotion activities, minimizing the risk of harm to individuals, and engaging in continual monitoring and evaluation. It calls for more and better research to assess the impact of screening and to develop and evaluate new screening tests and approaches.
Download or read book Interventions for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination written by Hans L. Rieder and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ending Neglect written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tuberculosis emerged as an epidemic in the 1600s, began to decline as sanitation improved in the 19th century, and retreated further when effective therapy was developed in the 1950s. TB was virtually forgotten until a recent resurgence in the U.S. and around the worldâ€"ominously, in forms resistant to commonly used medicines. What must the nation do to eliminate TB? The distinguished committee from the Institute of Medicine offers recommendations in the key areas of epidemiology and prevention, diagnosis and treatment, funding and organization of public initiatives, and the U.S. role worldwide. The panel also focuses on how to mobilize policy makers and the public to effective action. The book provides important background on the pathology of tuberculosis, its history and status in the U.S., and the public and private response. The committee explains how the U.S. can act with both self-interest and humanitarianism in addressing the worldwide incidence of TB.
Download or read book Implementing the WHO Stop TB Strategy written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2008 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this handbook is to bring together in summarized form the issues, recommended strategies and practical measures involved in addressing each of the components of the WHO Stop TB Strategy. This handbook has been prepared principally for use by national TB control programme managers and staff, as well as partner organizations and professionals involved in implementing TB control activities. Readers are provided with a concise account of the essential elements of a comprehensive TB control programme and an overview of the full range of activities that need to be implemented to achieve the TB control targets set for 2015. An adequate strategy for the control of tuberculosis (TB) globally calls for a comprehensive approach to address all of the main constraints facing TB control, including emerging challenges, as well as the main risk factors influencing the incidence of TB. Consequently, the scope of activities undertaken by national TB control programmes has greatly increased
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.
Download or read book Tuberculosis in Adults and Children written by Dorothee Heemskerk and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-17 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work contains updated and clinically relevant information about tuberculosis. It is aimed at providing a succinct overview of history and disease epidemiology, clinical presentation and the most recent scientific developments in the field of tuberculosis research, with an emphasis on diagnosis and treatment. It may serve as a practical resource for students, clinicians and researchers who work in the field of infectious diseases.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-02 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.
Download or read book Toman s Tuberculosis written by K. Toman and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004-06-23 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second edition of a reference work aimed at all those concerned with dealing with tuberculosis control in developing countries. The book follows in the tradition of Kurt Toman's original work in this field, with the text set out in a question and answer format, grouped under three headings: case detection; treatment, and monitoring. The threat of tuberculosis is still potent, with two million deaths globally. This new edition, containing contributions from a number of experts in this field, addresses the resurgence of tuberculosis, and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacilli, and the growth of HIV-infected individuals with tuberculosis, as well as recent scientific developments.
Download or read book Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection written by WHO and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BACKGROUND: Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), defined as a state of persistent immune response to prior-acquired Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens without evidence of clinically manifested active TB, affects about one-third of the world's population. Approximately 10% of people with LTBI will develop active TB disease in their lifetime, with the majority developing it within the first five years after initial infection. Currently available treatments have an efficacy ranging from 60% to 90%. Systematic testing and treatment of LTBI in at-risk populations is a critical component of WHO's eight-point framework adapted from the End TB Strategy to target pre-elimination and, ultimately, elimination in low incidence countries. OVERVIEW: Recognizing the importance of expanding the response to LTBI, in 2014 WHO developed Guidelines on the Management of Latent Tuberculosis Infection. The guidelines are primarily targeted at high-income or upper middle-income countries with an estimated TB incidence rate of less than 100 per 100 000 population, because they are most likely to benefit from it due to their current TB epidemiology and resource availability. The overall objective of the guidelines is to provide public health approach guidance on evidence-based practices for testing, treating and managing LTBI in individuals with the highest risk of progression to active disease. Specific objectives include identifying and prioritizing at-risk population groups for targeted intervention of LTBI testing and treatment, including defining an algorithm, and recommending specific treatment options. The guidelines are expected to provide the basis and rationale for the development of national guidelines for LTBI management based on available resources, epidemiology of TB including intensity of transmission, the health-care delivery system of the country, and other national and local determinants.
Download or read book The Future of Public Health written by Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-15 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Nation has lost sight of its public health goals and has allowed the system of public health to fall into 'disarray'," from The Future of Public Health. This startling book contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the topics of today, but also with those of tomorrow. In addition, the authors make recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances, and identify the level of government--federal, state, and local--at which these functions would best be handled.
Download or read book Strategic Plan for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination written by California Tuberculosis Elimination Task Force and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Essential Tuberculosis written by Giovanni Battista Migliori and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-07-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook covers the full spectrum of tuberculosis-related topics in a comprehensive yet easy-to-follow, readily accessible format. Filling a significant gap in tuberculosis literature, it addresses tuberculosis sensu latu, mirroring the content of the London Queen Mary University tuberculosis Diploma. Covering all aspects related to this condition, from prevention, diagnosis and treatment to public and global health, the book provides a broad overview of tuberculosis management. Further, it includes a wealth of case studies and exercises, making it an essential guide for all staff involved in tuberculosis management. Written by an international and interdisciplinary panel of experts, the book appeals to a broad readership including students, postdoctoral fellows, clinicians, researchers, and nurses, as well as public health officers working in tuberculosis control programs.
Download or read book Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment written by Prashant Kesharwani and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology Based Approaches for Tuberculosis Treatment discusses multiple nanotechnology-based approaches that may help overcome persisting limitations of conventional and traditional treatments. The book summarizes the types of nano drugs, their synthesis, formulation, characterization and applications, along with the most important administration routes. It also explores recent advances and achievements regarding therapeutic efficacy and provides possible future applications in this field. It will be a useful resource for investigators, pharmaceutical researchers, innovators and scientists working on technology advancements in the areas of targeted therapies, nano scale imaging systems, and diagnostic modalities in tuberculosis. Addresses the gap between nanomedicine late discovery and early development of tuberculosis therapeutics Explores tuberculosis nanomedicine standardization and characterization with newly developed treatment, diagnostic and treatment monitoring modalities Covers the field thoroughly, from the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and multi-drug resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, to treatment approaches using nanotechnology and different nanocarriers
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis Module 4 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2022-04-30 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis Module 2 written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2021-03-22 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease is an updated and consolidated summary of WHO recommendations on systematic screening for tuberculosis (TB) disease, containing 17 recommendations for populations in which TB screening should be conducted and tools to be used for TB screening. TB screening is strongly recommendations for household and close contacts of individuals with TB, people living with HIV, miners exposed to silica dust, and prisoners. In addition, screening is conditionally recommended for people with risk factors for TB attending health care, and for communities with risk factors for TB and limited access to care (e.g. homeless, urban poor, refugees, migrants). General population screening is recommended in high-burden settings (0.5% prevalence or higher). Symptoms, chest radiography (CXR), and molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for TB are recommended as screening tools for all adults eligible for screening. Computer-aided detection programmes are recommended as alternatives to human interpretation of CXR in settings where trained personnel are scarce. For people living with HIV, C-reactive protein is also a good screening tool. This guideline document is accompanied by an operational handbook, the WHO operational handbook on tuberculosis. Module 2: screening – systematic screening for tuberculosis disease, that presents principles of screening, steps in planning and implementing a screening programme, and algorithm options for screening different populations.
Download or read book Treatment of Tuberculosis written by World Health Organization and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guidelines for the Treatment of Malaria Third Edition written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2015-08-13 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria remains an important cause of illness and death in children and adults in countries in which it is endemic. Malaria control requires an integrated approach including prevention (primarily vector control) and prompt treatment with effective antimalarial agents. Malaria case management consisting of prompt diagnosis and effective treatment remains a vital component of malaria control and elimination strategies. Since the publication of the first edition of the Guidelines for the treatment of malaria in 2006 and the second edition in 2010 all countries in which P. falciparum malaria is endemic have progressively updated their treatment policy from use of ineffective monotherapy to the currently recommended artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT). This has contributed substantially to current reductions in global morbidity and mortality from malaria. Unfortunately resistance to artemisinins has arisen recently in P. falciparum in South-East Asia which threatens these gains. This third edition of the WHO Guidelines for the treatment of malaria contains updated recommendations based on a firmer evidence base for most antimalarial drugs and in addition include recommendation on the use of drugs to prevent malaria in groups at high risk. The Guidelines provide a framework for designing specific detailed national treatment protocols taking into account local patterns of resistance to antimalarial drugs and health service capacity. It provides recommendations on treatment of uncomplicated and severe malaria in all age groups all endemic areas in special populations and several complex situations. In addition on the use of antimalarial drugs as preventive therapy in healthy people living in malaria-endemic areas who are high risk in order to reduce morbidity and mortality from malaria. The Guidelines are designed primarily for policy-makers in ministries of health who formulate country-specific treatment guidelines. Other groups that may find them useful include health professionals and public health and policy specialists that are partners in health or malaria control and the pharmaceutical industry. The treatment recommendations in the main document are brief; for those who wish to study the evidence base in more detail a series of annexes is provided with references to the appropriate sections of the main document.
